CN107333508B

CN107333508B - Rice fertilizing method

Info

Publication number: CN107333508B
Application number: CN201710513654.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈荣江; 陈志成; 吴亮; 龚超; 魏伟平; 杨玉魁; 张梅霞
Original assignee: Henan Fengyuan Seed Co ltd; Henan Institute of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Henan Fengyuan Seed Co ltd; Henan Institute of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2017-06-29
Filing date: 2017-06-29
Publication date: 2020-06-23
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-29
Also published as: CN107333508A

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice fertilization method, which comprises the following steps: fertilizing rice seedlings: applying 45 kg/mu of compound fertilizer to the base fertilizer, applying 6 kg/mu of compound fertilizer to the seedlings in 15-17 days, applying 10 kg/mu of compound fertilizer to the seedlings in about 25 days, and applying 12 kg/mu of compound fertilizer to the seedlings in about 35 days; fertilizing in a field: base fertilizer: applying 45kg of compound fertilizer and 20kg of 30% silicon fertilizer per mu; and (3) fertilizing the tillers: 15kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and 10kg of urea is applied again; and (3) spraying a micro-fertilizer: spraying boric fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate for 1 time respectively in the booting stage and the full heading stage, spraying 100g of borax and 250g of monopotassium phosphate per mu each time, and adding 70kg of water to spray the foliage. The invention can increase the effective spike of rice, improve the seed setting rate, increase the thousand-grain weight, and has obvious yield increasing effect, and the rice yield of the high-yield and medium-high-yield fields reaches 700 kilograms/666.7 hm²The above object is achieved.

Description

Rice fertilizing method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a rice fertilization method.

Background

The rice is the crop with the strongest restriction on water and soil resources, the rice cultivated land area growth space in China is not large, but the demand of China for the rice is bound to be larger and larger along with the continuous increase of the total population. The contradiction between grain increase and income increase in rice planting is increasingly prominent under the influence of factors such as increased labor cost for planting rice and increased production cost and investment. Therefore, the rice high-yield fertilization strategy researched under the double targets of yield increase and efficiency increase has strong practical value and practical significance.

In the rice cultivation practice, the existing management method is basically operated by experience, the method is extensive, the timeliness and the precision are low, the nutrition required for ensuring the normal development of rice cannot be timely and effectively supplemented, the requirement of the growth and development of rice on the nutrient components at different stages is difficult to ensure, and poor development and multiple damages of rice seedlings, such as seedling rot, rice blast, rice blight, rice bakanae disease, rice stripe disease and the like, are caused. The current rice farmers have the following disadvantages in fertilizer nutrition supply:

(1) the fertilizer application types are selected blindly, some fertilizers are special for rice directly, and other fertilizers are single compound fertilizers or only nitrogen fertilizers, so that the nutrient content or the total amount can meet the requirement.

(2) In terms of the using amount, the consciousness that nutrition is quantitatively supplied according to the soil basic fertility and the yield target is lacked, so that the nutrition supply and demand are unbalanced, the fertilizing amount is large, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the waste is serious, and the yield is not high.

(3) Lack of precision in the optimum timing of fertilization causes either early or late fertilization, making it difficult to achieve the desired results.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a rice fertilization method, which aims to solve the problems of accurate quantification of fertilization amount, nutrient proportion and fertilization time, meet the growth and development process requirements of various organs of rice and promote the formation of high-yield and high-quality groups. The method carries out timely and appropriate nutrient supplement according to the requirements of the rice on nutrition in different growth and development periods, and promotes the formation of strong seedlings, healthy plants and high-yield groups of the rice through formulated fertilization and nutrient conditioning. The problems of inaccurate fertilization time, unreasonable fertilizer nutrient component proportion, strong fertilizer application amount randomness and the like are solved, the fertilizer utilization rate is low due to excessive fertilization, excessive fertilizer nutrients permeate into soil, and harm to the soil and water quality is also caused.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a rice fertilization method comprises the following steps:

(1) fertilizing rice seedlings

Base fertilizer application of compound fertilizer (N-P)₂O₅-K₂15-15-15 percent of O, 1:1:1 of nutrient mass ratio and 45 percent of total nutrient content), 40-45 kg/mu of rice seedling fertilizer (N-P) is slightly supplemented after 1 leaf and 1 core of rice seedling are sowed for about 15-17 days₂O₅-K₂O22-14-9, the nutrient mass ratio of 22:14:9 and the total nutrient content of 45 percent) is 6 kg/mu, and the seedling fertilizer (N-P) is applied to the seedlings for about 25 days₂O₅-K₂O22-14-9) 10 kg/mu, and applying the seedling fertilizer (N-P) to the seedlings for about 35 days₂O₅-K₂O22-14-9) 12 kg/mu, and the application of the medicament for preventing rice seedling blight, bakanae disease and banded sclerotial blight is carried out twice, wherein 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate is added each time, and the addition is carried out between 22-25 days and 30-33 days of the seedling age respectively. Nutrients are effectively supplemented in time according to the requirements of the absorption capacity and growth of the seedlings, so that uniform and robust growth of rice seedlings is realized, and the quality of the rice seedlings is effectively guaranteed;

(2) fertilizer for field application

(2.1) base fertilizer: applying 45-50kg of compound fertilizer (content N: P) per mu₂O₅:K₂O is 15:15:15, namely, the mass ratio of nutrients is 1:1:1, the total nutrient content is 45%), 20kg of silicon fertilizer with 30% of nutrient content is applied per mu;

(2.2) tillering fertilizer: compound fertilizer (N-P) for each mu₂O₅-K₂O is 21:6:18, namely the nutrient ratio is 7:2:6, the total nutrient content is 45 percent) is 15kg, and then 10kg of urea is applied; the application is carried out twice, the 1 st time of the application is 7 to 10 days after the rice seedlings are transplanted into the field, the additional application of the tillering fertilizer is carried out for 75 percent, the interval is about 10 to 12 days, and the rest 25 percent is applied;

3) spraying micro-fertilizer

Spraying boric fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate for 1 time respectively in the initial heading stage and the full heading stage, promoting heading and grain filling of rice, improving the seed setting rate, increasing the thousand-grain weight, weighing 80-120g of borax (11%), 250g of monopotassium phosphate and 60-70kg of water per mu, adding the weighed borax and potash fertilizer into the weighed water, stirring uniformly to completely dissolve the borax and potash fertilizer, and spraying the boric fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces of rice.

Furthermore, 100g of borax (11 percent) and 250g of monopotassium phosphate are added with 75kg of water for spraying on the leaf surface every mu.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention can increase the effective ears of rice and improve the maturing rateIncrease thousand seed weight, and has obvious yield increasing effect, so that the yield of the rice in the high and medium-yield field reaches 700 kg/666.7 hm²The above object is achieved.

The invention provides a field with better water and fertilizer conditions and moderate land fertility, the rice yield reaches the rice fertilizing amount of 10500 kg/hectare and the optimal fertilizing proportion; meanwhile, the time and the method for fertilizing are provided.

The invention aims at the middle and upper basic fertility (the yield per unit is 7500-9000 kg/hm)²Left and right) is given, the fertilization scheme is obtained through experimental design, field implementation, statistical modeling and optimization simulation on the basis of strictly performing cultivation tests, and is verified to be effective through cultivation practices, the scheme is excellent in effect, strong in operability and high in reliability.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

In gunn test in hui county of new county: specific test data are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 New county, Hui county, West Gunn test for rice fertilization

Example 2

In the test of Zhai towns in Xinxiang city, Xinxiang county: specific test data are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 fertilization test for rice on test point at Zhai town in Xinxiang city, Xinxiang county

The invention provides the fertilizer types aiming at the fertilizer requirement rules of rice in different periods of seedling, tiller, spike and grouting, and highlights the characteristics of formula fertilization; giving different fertilizer dosages; the optimal period of fertilization is specified.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) fertilizing rice seedlings

And (2) applying a base fertilizer to 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer applied to the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: p₂O₅:K₂O =1:1:1, total nutrient content 45%, 1 leaf and 1 core of rice seedling, and seedling fertilizer is supplemented for 6 kg/mu 15-17 days after sowing, wherein the mass ratio of the nutrients of the seedling fertilizer is N: p₂O₅：K₂O =22:14: 9; and fertilizing the seedlings for 25 days by 10 kg/mu, wherein the nutrient mass ratio of the fertilizer is N: p₂O₅：K₂O =22:14: 9; and fertilizing the seedlings for 35 days by 12 kg/mu, wherein the nutrient mass ratio of the fertilizer is N: p₂O₅：K₂O =22:14: 9; the medicine is used for preventing rice damping-off, bakanae disease and banded sclerotial blight twice, and the amount of monopotassium phosphate is increased by 300 g/mu each time, and the control is carried out for 22-25 days and 30-33 days of seedling age respectively;

(2) fertilizer for field application

(2.1) base fertilizer: applying 40-50kg of compound fertilizer per mu, wherein the nutrient mass ratio of the compound fertilizer is N: p₂O₅:K₂O =1:1:1, total nutrient content 45%; 20kg of silicon fertilizer with 30 percent of nutrient content is applied per mu;

(2.2) tillering fertilizer: 15kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and the nutrient mass ratio of the compound fertilizer is N: p₂O₅:K₂O =7:2:6, total nutrient content 45%, and then applying 10kg of urea; the application is carried out twice, the 1 st time of the application is 7 to 10 days after the rice seedlings are transplanted into the field, the additional application of the tillering fertilizer is carried out for 75 percent, the interval is 10 to 15 days, and the rest 25 percent is applied again;

(3) spraying micro-fertilizer

Spraying boric fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate for 1 time respectively in the booting stage and the full heading stage, and increasing thousand-grain weight;

in the step (3), 100g of borax, 250g of monopotassium phosphate and 70kg of water are weighed every mu, the weighed borax and the potassium fertilizer are added into the weighed water, the mixture is stirred to be completely dissolved, and then the mixture is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the rice once in the booting stage and the heading stage.