CN112042351B - Nitrogen-saving high-yield fertilization method for rice - Google Patents
Nitrogen-saving high-yield fertilization method for rice Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrogen-saving high-yield fertilization method for rice. The use amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced in the processes of applying the base fertilizer and topdressing for four times, and different substances are supplemented according to different growth periods of the rice, for example, a nitrification inhibitor is added into the base fertilizer to reduce the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer; adding slow-release elemental sulfur fertilizer to effectively adjust the nitrogen-sulfur ratio of the soil and activate the activity of enzymes and microorganisms in the soil; the polymeric amino acid is added in the multiple topdressing for improving the activity of urease, promoting the conversion of urea into ammonia which can be used by rice and improving the content of trace elements in soil. Through the cooperative matching of various substances in the fertilizer and the comprehensive application of the fertilization technology, the aims of reducing the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer, greatly improving the utilization rate of nitrogen and further promoting the high yield of rice are achieved. The fertilizing method is simple, efficient, high in economic benefit and suitable for large-scale popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a nitrogen-saving high-yield fertilization method for rice and application thereof.
Background
The rice is one of the main grain crops in the world and also is the most main grain crop in China, so the high-yield planting of the rice has important significance. Wherein the reasonable application of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is the premise of ensuring the high yield of the rice. However, the current fertilization technology of rice still focuses on the habit of applying a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer or even excessive amount of nitrogen fertilizer based on a certain amount of phosphorus potassium fertilizer. As the water consumption of the rice is large, the leaching loss and the nitration loss of the nitrogen fertilizer are serious, about 30 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer applied to the rice is absorbed and utilized by the rice, namely the utilization rate of the nitrogen source by the rice is extremely low, and the great waste of the nitrogen fertilizer resource is also caused. Under the flooding condition, the soil has poor oxidizability and strong reducibility, so that the activity of various trace elements in the soil is low, and various trace elements required by the rice cannot be fully satisfied; in addition, due to the fact that a large amount of nitrogen fertilizers are unreasonably applied, invalid tillering of rice is increased, rice is green and late maturing, and rice diseases and insect pests are serious, so that the cost of preventing and treating the rice diseases and insect pests is increased, and the improvement of the yield and the quality of the rice are also restricted. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a nitrogen-reducing synergistic technique for rice to reduce the input of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, protect the ecological environment of soil and water, and improve the yield and quality of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nitrogen-saving high-yield fertilization method for rice, aiming at the problems of serious loss of a nitrogen fertilizer, low nitrogen-sulfur ratio of soil, low effectiveness of trace elements in the soil and the like in the prior art, and the nitrogen-saving high-yield fertilization method for rice promotes high yield of rice while reducing the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a nitrogen fertilizer comprises at least one of component A and component B; the component A comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1 Kg: 0.75-2.5 g: 0.03-0.1 Kg of nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor and slow-release elemental sulfur fertilizer, wherein the component B comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1 Kg: 12.5-50 g of nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer and polymeric amino acid.
Preferably, the polymeric amino acid is one or two of polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid.
Preferably, the polymeric amino acid is a mixture of 1: 0.5-2 parts of a mixture of polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid.
Preferably, the nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer is urea or a compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium being 16-20: 10: 16.
Preferably, the nitrification inhibitor is 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate.
The invention also provides a fertilizing method using the nitrogen fertilizer.
Preferably, the fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
s1, broadcasting the component A according to 40-50 Kg/mu after leveling the paddy field and before harrowing the paddy field;
s2, first topdressing: in the three-leaf one-heart period of direct sowing rice or the green turning period of transplanted rice, the component B is used for primary topdressing, and the fertilizer application amount of the primary topdressing is 3-4 Kg/mu;
s3, secondary topdressing: in the booting stage of the rice, mixing the component B with potassium chloride, and performing secondary topdressing, wherein the fertilizer application amount of the secondary topdressing is 12-15 Kg/mu;
s4, and top dressing for the third time and the fourth time: before the opening of the rice is broken and after the ears of the rice are aligned, the component B is mixed with water, and the third additional fertilizer and the fourth additional fertilizer are respectively applied, wherein the spreading amount of the fertilizer applied in the third additional fertilizer and the fourth additional fertilizer is 30-33 Kg/mu. .
Preferably, in the component a in step S1, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer, the nitrification inhibitor and the slow-release elemental sulfur fertilizer is 1 Kg: 1.5 g: 0.05 Kg.
Preferably, in the component B of the step S2, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer to the polymerized amino acid is 1 Kg: 33.3 g.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer to the potassium chloride to the polymerized amino acid is 1 Kg: 3.33 Kg: 33.3 g.
Preferably, in the fertilizer after the third and fourth topdressing in step S4, the mass ratio of urea, polymeric amino acid and water is 1.2 Kg: 120 g: 30 Kg.
Preferably, in the fertilizer after the third and fourth topdressing of step S4, the biuret content in urea is less than 0.3%. Biuret is a substance produced by improper treatment in the urea production process, and the high concentration of biuret can cause toxic action on seedlings, so that the content of biuret in urea needs to be controlled to be less than 0.3 percent.
Preferably, the third and fourth topdressing is carried out by spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: reducing the use amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the processes of applying base fertilizer and topdressing, and supplementing different substances into the fertilizer according to different growth periods of rice, for example, adding a nitrification inhibitor into the base fertilizer to inhibit ammonium nitrogen or amide nitrogen in soil from being converted into more easily lost nitrate nitrogen or more easily volatilized nitrogen so as to reduce the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer; the base fertilizer also contains a slow-release elemental sulfur fertilizer so as to effectively adjust the nitrogen-sulfur ratio of the soil and activate the activity of enzymes and microorganisms in the soil; the polymeric amino acid is added in the multiple topdressing for improving the activity of urease so as to promote the conversion of urea into ammonia which can be used by rice and improve the content of trace elements in soil. Meanwhile, the invention also adopts a mode of spraying fertilizer on the leaf surfaces during the third and fourth topdressing, so that the fertilizer is more efficiently utilized by the rice, and the kernel is promoted to be strong. Through the cooperative matching of various substances in the fertilizer and the comprehensive application of the fertilization technology, the aims of reducing the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer, greatly improving the utilization rate of nitrogen and further promoting the high yield of rice are achieved. The fertilizing method is simple, efficient, high in economic benefit and suitable for large-scale popularization and use.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following examples and comparative examples employ sources of raw materials:
compound fertilizers with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios: from Shandong Shengda ecological fertilizer industry Co., Ltd;
3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate: from Hubei Zhengxing Source Fine chemical Co., Ltd;
slow release of elemental sulfur fertilizer: contains 80 to 90 percent of slow-release elemental sulfur and is sourced from the American tiger sulfur product, Limited liability company;
urea, urea with a biuret content of less than 0.3%: derived from Henan Xin Lianxin chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd;
polymeric amino acids: from Wuhan Borun science and technology, Inc.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a fertilizing method in a rice planting process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) applying a base fertilizer: weighing 60g of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), dissolving the DMPP in 200mL of water, adding the DMPP into 2Kg of slow-release elemental sulfur fertilizer, uniformly mixing, and uniformly mixing with 40Kg of compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 18:10:16, and the effective content is 44%; compared with the conventional compound fertilizer, the nitrogen content is reduced; and (3) after leveling the paddy field and before harrowing, broadcasting the mixed fertilizer according to 40-50 Kg/mu.
(2) Topdressing for the first time: in the first topdressing period of the three-leaf one-heart period of direct seeding rice or the green turning period of transplanted rice, 3Kg of urea and 100g of polymeric amino acid (a mixture of polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid with the mass ratio of 1: 1) are mixed, and then the fertilizer is broadcast into soil according to the ratio of 3-4 Kg/mu.
(3) And (3) secondary topdressing: and (2) performing secondary topdressing during the booting period of the rice, mixing 3Kg of urea, 10Kg of potassium chloride and 100g of polymeric amino acid (a mixture of polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid in a mass ratio of 1: 1), and then broadcasting the fertilizer into soil according to 12-15 Kg/mu.
(4) And (3) topdressing for the third time and the fourth time: performing topdressing for the third time 7-10 days before the opening of the rice, and performing topdressing for the fourth time after the rice is fully eared, wherein the topdressing specifically comprises the following steps: 1.2Kg of urea with the biuret content lower than 0.3 percent and 120g of polymeric amino acid (a mixture of polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid with the mass ratio of 1: 1) are mixed, 30Kg of water is added for uniform mixing, and then 30-33 Kg/mu of water is used for topdressing by a way of spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: (1) when the base fertilizer is applied, the composite fertilizer is 40Kg, the DMPP content is 30g, and the content of the slow-release elemental sulfur fertilizer is 1.2 Kg; (2) when in the first topdressing, 3Kg of urea and 37.5g of polymeric amino acid are mixed; (3) in the second time of top dressing, 3Kg of urea, 6Kg of potassium chloride and 37.5g of poly amino acid are mixed; (4) for the third and fourth topdressing, 1Kg of urea having a biuret content of less than 0.3%, 50g of the polymeric amino acid and 30Kg of water were mixed.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: (1) when the base fertilizer is applied, the composite fertilizer is 40Kg, the DMPP content is 100g, and the content of the slow-release elemental sulfur fertilizer is 4 Kg; (2) when in the first topdressing, 3Kg of urea is mixed with 150g of polymeric amino acid; (3) in the second time of top dressing, 3Kg of urea, 12Kg of potassium chloride and 150g of polymeric amino acid are mixed; (4) for the third and fourth topdressing, 1.5Kg of urea having a biuret content of less than 0.3%, 150g of the polymeric amino acid and 30Kg of water were mixed.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example adopts conventional fertilization mode to fertilize, specifically is:
(1) applying a base fertilizer: and (3) selecting a conventionally used compound fertilizer and broadcasting the compound fertilizer according to 40-50 Kg/mu after leveling the paddy field and before harrowing the paddy field, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 25:10: 16.
(2) Topdressing for the first time: in the trefoil one-heart period of direct sowing of rice or the green returning period of transplanting rice, 5-8 Kg/mu of urea is sprayed into soil for first additional fertilization.
(3) And (3) secondary topdressing: and in the booting stage of the rice, 5-8 Kg of urea and 10Kg of potassium chloride are mixed, and then 15-18 Kg/mu of urea is spread into the soil for secondary topdressing.
(4) And (3) topdressing for the third time and the fourth time: respectively carrying out third and fourth topdressing 7-10 days before the opening of the rice and after the rice is fully spiked, specifically: and (3) broadcasting 5-8 Kg/mu of urea into soil for strengthening the seeds of the rice.
Evaluation method
In the new bridge village of the great lakes city in the province of Hubei, 5 to 9 in 2019, the effects of the fertilization methods of the above examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 on rice yield were compared, the average yield per mu (Kg) per group was counted, and the average yield per mu (Kg) increase and the average yield increase (%) of each example compared to comparative example 1 were calculated as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of test yields
| Average acre yield (Kg) | Average mu yield (Kg) | Average yield increase% | |
| Example 1 | 870 | 55 | 6.75 |
| Example 2 | 850 | 35 | 4.29 |
| Example 3 | 857 | 42 | 5.15 |
| Comparative example 1 | 815 | / | / |
The observation of the growth condition of the rice shows that compared with the comparative example 1, by applying the fertilizing technologies of the examples 1 to 3, the growth vigor of the rice is more stable, the tillering and heading rate, the setting rate and the thousand-kernel weight are improved, and finally the yield is reflected, and the yield of the examples 1 to 3 can be increased by at least about 4.3 percent compared with the comparative example 1. Also, in comparison with the fertilization method of comparative example 1, example 1 reduced the amount of nitrogen fertilizer by about 30% when applying base fertilizer, by about 20% -40% when applying additional fertilizer for the first time and the second time, and by about 50% when applying additional fertilizer for the third time and the fourth time. Compared with the conventional fertilization method, the fertilization method disclosed by the invention not only reduces the nitrogen fertilizer dosage, greatly improves the nitrogen utilization rate of the rice, but also achieves the purpose of effectively promoting the high yield of the rice.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A nitrogen-saving high-yield fertilization method for rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, base fertilizer application: spreading the component A according to 40-50 kg/mu after leveling the paddy field and before harrowing the paddy field; the component A comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1 kg: 1.5 g: 0.05kg of nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor and slow-release elemental sulfur fertilizer;
s2, first topdressing: in the three-leaf one-heart period of direct sowing rice or the green turning period of transplanted rice, the component B is used for primary topdressing, and the fertilizer application amount of the primary topdressing is 3-4 kg/mu; in the component B of the step S2, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer to the polymerized amino acid is 1 kg: 33.3 g;
s3, secondary topdressing: in the booting stage of the rice, mixing the component B with potassium chloride, and performing secondary topdressing, wherein the fertilizer application amount of the secondary topdressing is 12-15 kg/mu; in the fertilizer subjected to the second additional fertilization in the step S3, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer to the potassium chloride to the polymeric amino acid is 1 kg: 3.33 kg: 33.3 g;
s4, and top dressing for the third time and the fourth time: before the opening of the rice is broken and after the ears of the rice are aligned, mixing the component B with water, and respectively carrying out third topdressing and fourth topdressing, wherein the spreading amount of the fertilizer for the third and fourth topdressing is 30-33 kg/mu; in the third and fourth topdressing fertilizers of step S4, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer, the polymeric amino acid and the water is 1.2 kg: 120 g: 30 kg.
2. The nitrogen-saving high-yield fertilization method for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric amino acid is one or both of polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid.
3. The nitrogen-saving high-yield fertilization method for the rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer is urea or a compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium of 16-20: 10: 16.
4. The method for applying fertilizer to rice with high yield and nitrogen saving function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third and fourth topdressing is carried out by spraying fertilizer on leaves.
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| CN105027788B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-10-10 | 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 | A kind of fertilization of rice method |
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| CN108083884A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-05-29 | 魏莉丽 | A kind of organic fertilizer and its subtract the application in applying synergy in rice |
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