CN110981577A - Effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer composition and application method - Google Patents
Effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer composition and application method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/04—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
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Abstract
The invention discloses an effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer composition and an application method, which is to apply cucumber nitrogen fertilizer according to 50 percent of amide nitrogen and 50 percent of nitrate nitrogen. The phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are applied together with farmyard manure as base fertilizer to the medium including soil before cucumber is set. When the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied, the amide nitrogen urea and the nitrate nitrogen calcium nitrate are weighed according to the application amount and then uniformly mixed, and are applied to soil or a culture medium for four times before the cucumber field planting, in the initial flowering period, the initial fruiting period and the full fruiting period, and the amount of the fertilizer is respectively 25%, 15%, 30% and 30% of the total nitrogen amount according to the mass. The invention promotes the growth and development of the cucumber through the change of the nitrogen form under the premise of not increasing the nitrogen supply amount, and improves the cucumber yield. Can reduce the eutrophication of water body caused by single nitrate nitrogen application and solve the problem of overhigh nitrate content of cucumber fruits. Meanwhile, the nitrogen content, the protein content and the chlorophyll content of the cucumber are improved, and the utilization of nitrogen is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer formulation and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural production.
Background
Cucumber is an important vegetable crop and is widely cultivated around the world for its economic and nutritional value. Nitrogen is the most nutrient element required by plants and is also the primary factor limiting plant growth and yield development, hence the name "vital element".
The cucumber growth has strong dependence on nitrogen, the cucumber growth is negatively affected by insufficient nitrogen or excessive nitrogen, the growth and development of the cucumber are usually limited by the insufficient nitrogen, and the reproductive growth is limited by the excessive nitrogen, which causes over-vigorous nutrition. The plant has the capability of absorbing various forms of nitrogen, and different forms of nitrogen fertilizers have different influences on the growth of the plant. The most common are: positively charged ammonium (NH)4 +) (ii) a Nitrate (NO) with negative charge3 -) And uncharged urea CO (NH)2)2. It is generally considered that NO3 -N is the most efficient nitrogen fertilizer form for cucumber growth and is therefore widely used in cucumber production.
However, experimental studies have found that a single ammonium nitrogen or a single nitrate nitrogen has an adverse effect on the growth and development, yield and quality of plants, while a proper proportion of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen has a positive effect on the growth, nitrogen absorption and nitrogen metabolism of plants and mineral element absorption, and can significantly increase the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants. Therefore, mixed nitrogen nutrition with only changed nitrogen form and no change of total nitrogen supply is a new technology which is provided by scholars at home and abroad in recent years and is beneficial to improving the nitrogen utilization rate and reducing the loss and pollution of nitrate, and the scholars research the technology and successfully apply part of results in vegetable production.
However, previous experiments and applications have focused on NO3 -And NH4 +In combination, lack of substitution from NH4 +-N、NO3 --N and CO (NH)2)2Experiments of three nitrogen forms and mixed forms thereof on the growth and development of cucumber, so that the research is carried out on the premise of not changing the total amount of nitrogenThe analysis of the growth influence of 6 nitrogen treatments in the form of 3 total nitrogen on the cucumber provides scientific reference for nitrogen fertilizer application of the cucumber, and is very significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer formulation and an application method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the invention mainly provides the following scheme: the cucumber nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to 50 percent of amide nitrogen and 50 percent of nitrate nitrogen. The phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are applied together with farmyard manure as base fertilizer to the medium including soil before cucumber is set. When the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied, the amide nitrogen urea and the nitrate nitrogen calcium nitrate are weighed according to the application amount and then uniformly mixed, and are applied to soil or a culture medium for four times before the cucumber field planting, in the initial flowering period, the initial fruiting period and the full fruiting period, and the amount of the fertilizer is respectively 25%, 15%, 30% and 30% of the total nitrogen amount according to the mass.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1. calculating the nutrients needed by the cucumber: the yield of cucumber per 1000kg requires 3.2kg of nitrogen, P2O5Amount 1.6kg, K2O amount is 4.0kg, and the required P of each plant is calculated according to the definite value density of the cucumber of 3000 plants per mu and the yield per mu of 7500kg2O54.0g of K2O, 10.0g of pure nitrogen, and 50-80 g of farmyard manure. Multiplying the number of plants per mu by the fixed value to obtain the required amount of nutrients per mu.
2. Calculating the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer: the application amount of phosphate fertilizer is P in the phosphorus amount required by each cucumber plant2O5Content, potassium fertilizer application amount ═ potassium amount per cucumber ÷ K in fertilizer2And (4) the content of O. Effective P of superphosphate (superphosphate)2O5Not less than 16 percent, potassium sulfate K2The content of the nutrients is marked on the fertilizer bag, and each cucumber needs 4.0 g/16% of calcium superphosphate and 25g of potassium sulfate and 10.0 g/52% of potassium sulfate to 18.5g by calculation.
3. Calculating the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer: the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is the pure nitrogen amount per cucumber and the nitrogen content in the fertilizer. The invention finds that 50% of amide nitrogen and 50% of nitrate nitrogen in the application of the nitrogen fertilizer are the optimal fertilization scheme of the cucumbers, and the nitrogen requirement of each cucumber in the scheme is 8g, namely 4g of amide nitrogen and 4g of nitrate nitrogen respectively. When the amide nitrogen is urea (N is more than or equal to 46.4%) and the nitrate nitrogen is calcium nitrate (N is more than or equal to 15%), the application amount of the urea is 4 g/46.4% to 8.6g, and the application amount of the calcium nitrate is 4 g/15% to 26.6g.
4. Application of a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer: the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the farmyard manure are used as base fertilizers and applied to the soil and other media before the cucumber is subjected to value setting. According to the amount calculated by 2, 50g to 80g of farmyard manure, 25.0g of calcium superphosphate (calcium superphosphate) and 18.5g of potassium sulfate are applied to each plant. Multiplying the number of plants per mu by the fixed value to obtain the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer per mu.
5. Application of nitrogen fertilizer: and (3) weighing the application amounts of the amide nitrogen urea and the nitrate nitrogen calcium nitrate calculated according to the formula 3, uniformly mixing, and applying the mixture into soil or a culture medium for four times before the cucumber field planting, in an initial flowering stage, an initial fruiting stage and a full fruiting stage, wherein the application amounts of the mixture account for 25%, 15%, 30% and 30% of the total nitrogen amount respectively. In the above calculation, 8.6g +26.6g ═ 35.2g of nitrogen can be administered in four divided portions of 8.8g, 5.4g, 10.5g, and 10.5 g. Multiplying the number of plants with the fixed value per mu to obtain the nitrogen fertilizer application amount per mu.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the technical scheme of the invention promotes the growth and development of the cucumber through the change of the nitrogen form on the premise of not increasing the nitrogen supply amount, and improves the cucumber yield.
2. The technical scheme of the invention can reduce water eutrophication caused by single nitrate nitrogen application and solve the problem of overhigh nitrate content of cucumber fruits.
3. The technical scheme of the invention improves the nitrogen content, protein content and chlorophyll content of the cucumber and promotes the utilization of nitrogen.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different nitrogen morphologies on dry matter weight, nitrogen content and yield of cucumber; in the figure, a dry matter of each part (leaf, stem, fruit, root) of the plant; B. nitrogen content of each part (leaf, stem, fruit, root) of the plant; C. the dry matter weight of the whole cucumber plant; D. nitrogen content of the whole cucumber plant; E. the yield of the whole cucumber; F. the proportion of dry matter divided into the fruits.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different nitrogen forms on cucumber biochemicals; in the figure, a. protein content; B. amino acid content; C. glutamic acid content; D. the nitrate content; E. citrulline content; F. chlorophyll content.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1 (fertilization amount per strain):
1. calculating the required P of each plant according to the cucumber definite value density of 3000 plants per mu and the yield per mu of 7500kg2O5Amount 4.0g, K2The amount of O is 10.0g, the amount of pure nitrogen is 8.0g, and 50g-80g of farmyard manure is additionally needed.
2. Calculating the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer: the application amount of phosphate fertilizer is P in the phosphorus amount required by each cucumber plant2O5Content, potassium fertilizer application amount ═ potassium amount per cucumber ÷ K in fertilizer2And (4) the content of O. Effective P of superphosphate (superphosphate)2O5Not less than 16 percent, potassium sulfate K2The content of O is more than or equal to 52 percent, and each cucumber needs 4.0-16-25 g of calcium superphosphate and 18.5g of potassium sulfate according to calculation.
3. Calculating the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer: the fertilizer application amount is the nitrogen content in the fertilizer, which is the nitrogen content required by each cucumber plant. According to the formula 1, 8g of nitrogen is needed by each cucumber plant, and the amounts of amide nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen pure nitrogen respectively account for 50 percent, namely 4g of amide nitrogen and 4g of nitrate nitrogen. When the amide nitrogen is urea and the nitrate nitrogen is potassium nitrate, the amount of urea applied is 4 g/46.4% to 8.6g, and the amount of potassium nitrate applied is 4 g/13.5% to 29.6g, respectively, in terms of the weight of the fertilizer.
4. Application of a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer: the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the farmyard manure are used as base fertilizers and applied to the soil and other media before the cucumber is subjected to value setting. 50-80 g of farmyard manure, 25g of calcium superphosphate (calcium superphosphate) and 18.5g of potassium sulfate are applied to each plant according to the amount calculated by 2.
5. Application of nitrogen fertilizer: and (3) weighing the application amounts of the amide nitrogen urea and the nitrate nitrogen sodium nitrate calculated according to the formula 3, uniformly mixing, and applying the mixture into soil or a culture medium for four times before the cucumber field planting, in an initial flowering period, an initial fruiting period and a full fruiting period, wherein the application amounts of the mixture account for 25%, 15%, 30% and 30% of the total nitrogen amount respectively. As calculated above, 8.6g +29.6 g-38.2 g of nitrogen can be administered in four divided doses of 9.5g, 5.7g, 11.5 g.
Example 2 (amount of fertilizer applied per acre):
1. the yield of cucumber per 1000kg requires 3.2kg of nitrogen, P2O5Amount 1.6kg, K2The O amount is 4.0kg, the farmyard manure is 200kg-320kg, and the required P per mu can be obtained according to the per mu yield of 7500kg of cucumbers2O5In an amount of 12.0kg, K2The amount of O is 30.0kg, the amount of pure nitrogen is 24.0kg, and 1500kg-2400kg of farmyard manure is additionally needed.
2. Calculating the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer: the phosphorus fertilizer application amount is equal to the phosphorus amount required by each mu of cucumber and divided by P in the fertilizer2O5The content and the application amount of the potassium fertilizer are equal to the potassium amount required by each mu of cucumber and divided by K in the fertilizer2And (4) the content of O. Effective P of superphosphate (superphosphate)2O5Not less than 16 percent, potassium sulfate K2The content of O is more than or equal to 52 percent, and the calculation shows that the calcium superphosphate is 12.0 kg/16 percent/75 kg/mu cucumber, and the potassium sulfate is 30.0 kg/52 percent/55.5 kg/mu cucumber.
3. Calculating the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer: the application amount of the fertilizer is the pure nitrogen amount required by each mu of cucumber and the nitrogen content in the fertilizer. 24.0kg of nitrogen is needed for each mu of cucumber, the nitrogen contents of amide nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen respectively account for 50 percent, 12.0kg of amide nitrogen and 12.0kg of nitrate nitrogen. When the amide nitrogen is urea and the nitrate nitrogen is calcium nitrate, the amount of urea applied is 12.0 kg/46.4% to 25.8kg and the amount of calcium nitrate applied is 12.0 kg/15% to 80.0kg, respectively, in terms of the weight of the fertilizer.
4. Application of a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer: the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the farmyard manure are used as base fertilizers and applied to the soil and other media before the cucumber is subjected to value setting. According to the amount calculated by 2, 1500kg to 2400kg of farmyard manure, 75.0kg of calcium superphosphate (calcium superphosphate) and 55.5kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu.
5. Application of nitrogen fertilizer: and (3) weighing the application amounts of the amide nitrogen urea and the nitrate nitrogen calcium nitrate calculated according to the formula 3, uniformly mixing, and applying the mixture into soil or a culture medium for four times before the cucumber field planting, in an initial flowering stage, an initial fruiting stage and a full fruiting stage, wherein the application amounts of the mixture account for 25%, 15%, 30% and 30% of the total nitrogen amount respectively. In the above calculation, 25.8kg +80.0 kg-105.8 kg of nitrogen may be administered in four times, 26.6kg, 16.0kg, 31.6 kg.
The scheme is obtained by the following experiments:
the test is carried out on the premise that the total nitrogen content is not changed4 +-N]Nitrate nitrogen [ NO ]3 --N]Amide nitrogen [ CO (NH)2)2]And the influence of the two-by-two mixing of the three nitrogen forms on the growth and the fruit yield of the cucumbers. The purpose of the experiment was to separate 3 singlet nitrogens (100% NH)4 +-N、100％NO3 --N、100％CO(NH2)2) And 3 mixed nitrogen (50% NO)3 --N+50％NH4 +-N、50％NO3 --N+50％CO(NH2)2、50％NH4 +-N+50％CO(NH2)2) In total, a nitrogen combination which is more favorable for the growth and development of the cucumber is found out from 6 treatments with the same total nitrogen content, and a solution is provided for the efficient utilization of the nitrogen fertilizer of the cucumber. In the scheme, AN represents Ammonium nitrogen Ammonium, NN represents Nitrate nitrogen Nitrate, and UN represents amide nitrogen Urea. In the case of fertilizers, NH4 +Is (NH)4)2SO4Or NH4H2PO4，NO3 -Is Ca (NO)3)2.4H2O or KNO3. The organic fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizers, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for four times respectively before field planting, in the flowering phase, in the initial fruit phase and in the full fruit phase of the cucumber. The test was performed in a random grouping design, and repeated 3 times.
TABLE 1 treatment of 6 nitrogens with different nitrogen morphologies
As can be seen from FIG. 1A, C, the NN-UN treatment resulted in the greatest accumulation of dry matter in the whole cucumber, leaves and fruits among the 6 nitrogen treatments. The dry matter weight of different parts of cucumber is obviously lower than that of other nitrogen treatment during AN treatment. FIG. 1A, F NN-The proportion of dry matter in the UN-treated fruit is higher than that in other treatments. FIG. 1D shows that the total nitrogen content of cucumber plants is higher in the presence of amide nitrogen than in the absence of amide nitrogen, and that the N content of NN-UN treatment is the highest and the N content of AN treatment is the lowest. As can be seen from FIG. 2E, F, a greater proportion of dry matter was distributed to the cucumber fruits during NN-UN treatment, with equal amounts of NO3 --N and CO (NH)2)2The mixed nitrogen improves the cucumber yield.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2A, B and C, among the 6 nitrogen treatments, NN-UN treatment was the highest in the content of protein, amino acid and glutamic acid, and AN treatment was the lowest. It was shown that cucumber nitrogen fertilizer application varies in its protein, amino acid and glutamic acid contents due to the difference in nitrogen morphology even though the total amount of nitrogen is the same, and their trends are similar to those of dry matter and yield.
FIG. 2D shows that the nitrate content was the highest among those of NN treatment, AN-NN treatment and NN-UN treatment, and it can be seen that the nitrate content in cucumber was reduced by changing the nitrogen application pattern at the same nitrogen application amount.
FIG. 2F shows that the chlorophyll content of the three mixed nitrogen treatments (AN-NN, NN-UN and AN-UN) is higher than that of the single nitrogen treatment (AN, NN and UN), and the nitrogen application method of adding the amide nitrogen into the nitrate nitrogen increases the chlorophyll content of the cucumber, so that the photosynthesis of the cucumber is promoted.
In general, NO3N is the most efficient nitrogen form for cucumber growth, and cucumber prefers NO over NH4+ -N3 -N, hence KNO3Or Ca (NO)3)2Is widely applied to the production of cucumbers. However, the scholars and growers also find that the single nitrate nitrogen can sometimes inhibit the growth of plants, and the application of the single nitrate nitrogen can easily cause the nitrate content of the cucumbers to be too high, and the yield is sometimes not ideal. In this experiment 6 nitrogen treatments of 3 nitrogen forms, we found NO administration3N with equal amount of CO (NH)2)2The mixed form nitrogen fertilizer has better effect. Equivalent amount of NO3 --N and CO (NH)2)2The mixed nitrogen can improve the dry matter quality and total nitrogen content of cucumberAmount of NO to promote the transfer of nutrients from leaves, stems, roots to fruits3 --N and CO (NH)2)2The cucumber yield supplied was significantly higher than the cucumber yield supplied with the other 5 nitrogen species. In addition, from the viewpoint of nutrition variety and biochemical analysis, NO3 --N and CO (NH)2)2The mixing treatment of (2) improves the protein and amino acid content of cucumber and reduces nitrate content of cucumber. Thus, 50% NO3 --N+50％CO(NH2)2The treatment becomes the most suitable nitrogen form in the test, and can provide scientific reference for applying nitrogen to the cucumbers.
Of course, the above is only a specific application example of the present invention, and other embodiments of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer composition and an application method thereof are characterized in that: the cucumber nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to 50% of amide nitrogen and 50% of nitrate nitrogen.
2. The effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer formulation and application method of claim 1, wherein: the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are applied together with farmyard manure as base fertilizer to the medium including soil before cucumber is set.
3. The effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer formulation and application method of claim 1, wherein: when the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied, the amide nitrogen urea and the nitrate nitrogen calcium nitrate are weighed according to the application amount and then uniformly mixed, and are applied to soil or a culture medium for four times before the cucumber field planting, in the initial flowering period, the initial fruiting period and the full fruiting period, and the amount of the fertilizer is respectively 25%, 15%, 30% and 30% of the total nitrogen amount according to the mass.
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| CN113748812A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江大学 | Nitrogen-silicon fertilization method for improving fruit cucumber yield and quality |
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