CN106866242B - Fertilizer synergist, synergistic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer synergist, synergistic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer synergist, which comprises malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, humic acid and polyglutamic acid, wherein the weight ratio of the organic acids is 0.01-0.12: 0.01-0.12: 0.10 to 0.26: 0.10 to 0.27: 0.10-0.22: 0.01-0.1: 0.01 to 0.1. The invention also discloses a synergistic fertilizer containing the fertilizer synergist and a preparation method thereof. The synergistic fertilizer has the following effects: (1) the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the soil can be activated, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved; (2) activating TCA cycle of plants to improve energy supply; (3) promoting the absorption of iron and magnesium elements and enhancing the photosynthesis of plants; (4) relieving rhizosphere heavy metal and other abiotic stress; (5) improve the soil microenvironment, excite the soil activity and effectively improve the yield of grain crops, leaf vegetables and fruit economic crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agricultural fertilizer, and particularly relates to a fertilizer synergist, a synergistic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is a big country for using chemical fertilizers, the annual usage amount of the chemical fertilizers is as high as more than 5000 million tons (pure nitrogen phosphorus potassium), and the method makes outstanding contribution to agricultural development and grain yield increase. But the utilization rate of the fertilizer is generally low, the utilization rate of the nitrogenous fertilizer in the season is only 35 percent, the utilization rate of the phosphatic fertilizer in the season is about 25 percent, and the utilization rate of the potash fertilizer is about 50 percent. The loss of a large amount of fertilizer not only causes huge economic loss, but also causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of developing modern agriculture, overcome the bottleneck of resource and environment constraint, reduce the fertilizer input, improve the fertilizer utilization rate and protect the environment on the premise of ensuring the grain yield, the method is an urgent task facing agriculture. In recent years, research on fertilizer synergists has been increasing, but the research is mainly focused on the research and application of chemical inhibitors and plant regulators, and the research on the fertilizer synergists by natural substances is less.
As is well known, polybasic organic acids, as multifunctional nutrients, participate in TCA cycle of animals and plants to provide more energy and stimulating factors for decomposition, metabolism and synthesis of substances. The TCA cycle is both a component of catabolism of substances and an important step in substance synthesis, providing raw materials for other biosynthesis, and providing a large amount of energy for organisms. The polybasic organic acid can be used as a high-quality energy source and a growth factor to promote TCA circulation of soil microorganisms, accelerate metabolism, realize rapid enrichment of the microorganisms, directly influence microbial flora and bacterial load, improve microbial activity and enable the soil microorganisms to be grownThe substances secrete a large amount of viscous substances, lock fertilizer nutrients and soil moisture, activate, loosen and improve the soil, and excite the soil vitality. The polybasic organic acid as free iron and magnesium ion carrier enters the crop body and is transferred to stem and leaf to participate in crop photosynthesis, increase chlorophyll content, raise photosynthesis efficiency, thicken and widen leaf and provide more energy for crop. A large number of anion functional groups carried by the polybasic organic acid have good adsorption capacity on ammonium ions, potassium ions and other large, medium and trace cations with high loss rate, so that the effects of stability, long-acting and slow release are achieved, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved. The polybasic organic acid is composed of dozens of acidic organic compounds, is rich in a large amount of acidic functional groups, and can improve soil H+The concentration of the fertilizer improves the conversion rate of solidified calcium phosphate to monocalcium phosphate, activates phosphorus in soil and improves the absorption of phosphorus elements by crops. The polybasic organic acid can improve the activity of various antioxidases in plants, the content of osmosis regulating substances, the content of chlorophyll and the photosynthesis level, promote the absorption and transportation of certain nutrients in plants, finally facilitate the growth and biomass accumulation of plants, reduce the toxicity of adverse conditions on plants and improve the stress resistance and adaptability of plants. However, reports that a plurality of polybasic organic acids are compounded to be used as fertilizer synergists are not found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a fertilizer synergist containing polybasic organic acids.
The invention also aims to solve the technical problem of providing a synergistic fertilizer containing the fertilizer synergist.
The invention finally aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of the synergistic fertilizer and application of the synergistic fertilizer in agricultural planting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fertilizer synergist comprises a main component of a polybasic organic acid, including malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, humic acid and polyglutamic acid.
The weight ratio of the malic acid to the tartaric acid to the citric acid to the oxalic acid to the succinic acid to the humic acid to the polyglutamic acid is 0.01-0.12: 0.01-0.12: 0.10 to 0.26: 0.10 to 0.27: 0.10-0.22: 0.01-0.1: 0.01 to 0.1.
The weight ratio of the plant root exudate is similar to the ratio of several acids in the plant root exudate, so that the plant root system is protected more favorably, and the specific ratio can play a role in synergy.
The malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, humic acid and polyglutamic acid can also be pure products of salts thereof, or organic acid fermentation liquor, or dried products of the organic acid fermentation liquor. Wherein the pure organic acid salt comprises organic acid salt chelated with one or more elements of Na, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and the like.
The related products of the above polybasic organic acids are commercially available or prepared according to the prior art.
The weight ratio of the malic acid to the tartaric acid to the citric acid to the oxalic acid to the succinic acid to the humic acid to the polyglutamic acid is 0.05-0.12: 0.05-0.12: 0.15-0.26: 0.15-0.27: 0.15-0.22: 0.04-0.1.
The fertilizer synergist containing polybasic organic acid can be paste, water or powder.
Synergistic fertilizers comprising the fertilizer potentiators described above are also within the scope of the present invention.
The addition amount of the fertilizer synergist in the synergistic fertilizer is 0.05-5 wt%.
Preferably, the fertilizer synergist is added in an amount of 0.1-1 wt% in the synergistic fertilizer.
Further preferably, the fertilizer synergist is added in an amount of 0.5 wt% in the synergistic fertilizer.
The preparation method of the synergistic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, humic acid and polyglutamic acid according to a formula ratio to obtain a fertilizer synergist;
(2) in the preparation process of spraying granulation of the fertilizer, the fertilizer synergist obtained in the step (1) is mixed into fertilizer melt, then coating granulation is carried out in a spraying granulation dryer, and cooling is carried out to obtain the synergistic fertilizer.
Step (2) can also be replaced by: and (2) uniformly mixing the fertilizer synergist obtained in the step (1) with a conventional fertilizer sold in the market to obtain the fertilizer synergist. The conventional fertilizer sold in the market is a nitrogenous fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer or a compound fertilizer and the like.
The prepared synergistic fertilizer can obviously promote the absorption of grain crops, vegetable crops or melon and fruit crops on fertilizer nutrients and enhance the stress resistance of the crops. Embodiments may be hydroponic, foliar spray, root drench, machine application, broadcast application or hole application.
Natural polybasic organic acids are widely found in nature as important metabolic components in plants. The small molecular organic acids such as malic acid, citric acid and succinic acid are intermediate metabolites of TCA cycle, the TCA cycle is a main way for obtaining energy by the life activities of plants, and the organic acids are supplemented by external sources, so that the whole TCA cycle process can be activated and accelerated, and the energy can be efficiently supplied to the plants. In addition, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and succinic acid are the most main root secretions of plants, and the plant roots can promote the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like by themselves and enhance the absorption of beneficial mineral metals such as iron, magnesium and the like by the plants through secreting the organic acids. The plant can also release the toxic action of heavy metals such as aluminum, cadmium, chromium, lead and the like on the plant through the secretion of organic acid of the root system. Under the condition that crops are stressed by the outside, the content of internal organic acid is reduced, the ion content imbalance is easily caused, and a plurality of disadvantages are generated on the growth of the crops. And the polybasic organic acid can balance the metabolic process of crops, and has decisive effect on the quality and the yield of fruits in the metabolic process of crop production. The humic acid and the polyglutamic acid are high molecular organic acids which are metabolized and secreted by plant rhizosphere microorganisms, the microorganisms strengthen the interaction relation with plants by secreting the high molecular organic acids, the stress resistance and disease resistance of crops are promoted, and in addition, the humic acid and the polyglutamic acid can also improve the micro-ecology of rhizosphere soil and promote the absorption of plant nutrition. Comprehensively, the polybasic organic acid can (1) activate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements of soil, and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer; (2) activating TCA cycle of plants to improve energy supply; (3) promoting the absorption of iron and magnesium elements and enhancing the photosynthesis of plants; (4) relieving rhizosphere heavy metal and other abiotic stress; (5) improve the microenvironment of the soil and stimulate the activity of the soil.
Has the advantages that: the fertilizer synergist disclosed by the invention comprehensively uses multiple polybasic organic acids, is prepared into a synergistic fertilizer by reasonable proportioning and adding fertilizer according to a certain proportion, and after the fertilizer synergist is applied, the yield and quality of grain crops, vegetable crops or melon and fruit crops can be remarkably improved, so that the yield of plants is increased by about two times; and the using amount of the fertilizer can be effectively reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the description of the embodiments is only for illustrating the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
Example 1
Preparation of fertilizer synergist containing polybasic organic acids:
the polybasic organic acid is wettable powder containing various organic acids, and is prepared by drying various organic acid fermentation liquors. Malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, humic acid and polyglutamic acid are mixed according to the weight ratio of 0.12: 0.12: 0.26: 0.27: 0.22: 0.1: 0.1 to prepare the fertilizer synergist.
Example 2
Preparation of fertilizer synergist containing polybasic organic acids: malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, humic acid and polyglutamic acid are mixed according to the weight ratio (0.01: 0.01: 0.10: 0.10: 0.01: 0.01) to prepare the fertilizer synergist.
Example 3
Preparation of fertilizer synergist containing polybasic organic acids: malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, humic acid and polyglutamic acid are mixed according to the weight ratio (0.08: 0.10: 0.20: 0.20: 0.15: 0.05: 0.05) to prepare the fertilizer synergist.
Example 4
Preparation of fertilizer synergist containing polybasic organic acids: malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, humic acid and polyglutamic acid are mixed according to the weight ratio of 0.05: 0.05: 0.15: 0.15: 0.04: 0.04 to prepare the fertilizer synergist.
Example 5
A synergistic fertilizer containing the fertilizer synergist of example 1 was prepared as follows:
mixing an ammonium sulfate solution with phosphoric acid, then forming mixed acid with potassium bisulfate slurry subjected to low-temperature conversion, reacting the mixed acid with ammonia gas in a tubular reactor to form slurry, then adding the fertilizer synergist prepared in the example 1, performing coating granulation in a spraying granulation dryer, and then conveying the mixture to a cooling tower for further cooling to obtain the additive fertilizer containing the polybasic organic acid fertilizer synergist (the specific steps of the preparation method are the same as those of the preparation of the conventional compound fertilizer).
The obtained synergistic fertilizer contains the following nutrient elements: p2O5：K2O15: 15: 15, the addition amount of the fertilizer synergist is 5 per mill.
Example 6
The same as example 5, except that the amount of the fertilizer synergist was 1%.
Example 7
The same as example 5, except that the amount of the fertilizer synergist was 0.1%.
Example 8
The difference from example 5 is that the amount of the fertilizer synergist added is 5%.
Example 9
The same as example 5, except that the amount of the fertilizer synergist was 0.05%.
Example 10
The synergistic fertilizer has more excellent effect than simple mixing of single or multiple organic acids
The potted pakchoi is used as an experimental object, 3 treatments are set in the experiment, the length of a cell is 8m, the width of the cell is 3m, and the area of the cell is 24m2. All the treatments are applied as base fertilizers, and the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 450kg/hm2. Wherein the treatments are as follows:
TABLE 1 Chinese cabbage test design
TABLE 3 Effect of the multi-organic acid containing synergistic Compound fertilizers on the growth characteristics and yield of potted pakchoi
The multi-organic acid synergistic compound fertilizer prepared by the invention can promote the growth of the roots of the pakchoi, thicken and enlarge the roots, has obvious promotion effects on the plant height, the fresh weight of the underground part and the fresh weight of the overground part of the pakchoi, and can increase the yield by 41.2 percent. One of the organic acids (T) is simply added into the compound fertilizer3-T9) The yield increasing effect of the fertilizer is lower than that of the synergistic fertilizer in the invention; adding organic acid (T) with same effect into compound fertilizer10-T12) The yield increasing effect of the synergistic fertilizer also cannot reach the yield increasing effect of the synergistic fertilizer.
Example 11
Crop yield increase promotion test of synergistic fertilizer
The test is carried out by taking rice as an experimental object, and the test is provided with 2 treatments, wherein each treatment is repeated for 3 times, the length of a cell is 8m, the width of the cell is 3m, and the area of the cell is 24m2The specific test treatments are shown in Table 1. All the treatments are applied as base fertilizers, and the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 450kg/hm2。
TABLE 1 design of rice trials
TABLE 2 Effect of the treatments on the yield of Rice and its constituents
Note: values are expressed as mean ± sd, with different lower case letters indicating significant difference after the same column of data (P <0.05)
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the common compound fertilizer, the multi-organic acid synergistic compound fertilizer can significantly improve the effective ear number, thousand kernel weight and rice yield of rice, and increase the yield of rice by 21.5%.
Example 12
Experiment for remarkably improving fertilizer utilization rate of synergistic fertilizer synergist
And (3) taking corn as an experimental object to perform a cell corn test. The experiment designed 3 treatments, treatment 1 being no fertilisation, treatment 2 being the application of a normal compound fertilizer (15-15-15, prepared according to the method of example 5, containing no synergist only), and treatment 3 being the enhanced fertiliser prepared in example 6. The length of the cell is 8m, the width is 3m, and the area of the cell is 24m2And protective rows are arranged around the cell. The applied fertilizer was 500kg/hm2。
The utilization rate of the combined fertilizer synergist of the invention to the fertilizer is calculated by comparing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption amount of the harvested corn plants with the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer before sowing, and the test result is as follows:
TABLE 4 Effect of organic acid containing Fertilizer synergists on fertilizer utilization
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the common compound fertilizer, the utilization rate of the multi-organic acid synergistic compound fertilizer is respectively improved by 32.1%, 21.8% and 23.9% for the corn N, P, K. Therefore, the fertilizer synergist containing the polybasic organic acid can obviously promote the yield increase of the grain crops and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
Example 13
The synergistic fertilizer obviously improves the aluminum stress resistance of crops
And (3) carrying out a plot corn test by taking the pakchoi as an experimental object. The length of the cell is 8m, the width is 3m, and the area of the cell is 24m2And protective rows are arranged around the cell. The experiment designed 3 treatmentsThe Al content in each soil treated was 50mg/kg, treatment 1 was no fertilization, treatment 2 was application of a normal compound fertilizer (15-15-15, prepared according to the method of example 5, containing no synergist only), and treatment 3 was the polybasic organic acid synergistic compound fertilizer prepared in example 7.
TABLE 5 Brassica campestris test design
TABLE 6 Effect of organic acid containing fertilizer synergist on fresh weight and metal absorption of pakchoi
As can be seen from table 6, under the environmental condition of Al stress, by applying the fertilizer synergist containing polybasic organic acids, the yield of pakchoi was increased by 20.3% compared to the treatment group without applying fertilizer, and increased by 15.6% compared to the case of applying only the general compound fertilizer. And by applying the fertilizer synergist containing polybasic organic acids, the absorption of the pakchoi on Al is greatly reduced. Experimental results show that the fertilizer synergist containing the polybasic organic acids can improve the Al stress resistance of plants, thereby promoting the growth of the plants.
Example 14
Application test of synergistic fertilizers to reduce chemical fertilizers
Potted pakchoi was used as the test subject, and 3 treatments were set for the test, wherein treatment 1 was used as the test control (ordinary compound fertilizer 15-15-15, prepared according to the method of example 5, containing no synergist), the application rate was 400mg/kg of soil, treatment 2 was the multi-organic acid synergistic compound fertilizer prepared in example 8, the application rate was 400mg/kg of soil, and treatment 3 was the multi-organic acid synergistic compound fertilizer prepared in example 2, and the application rate was reduced by 15% based on treatment 2, that is, the application rate was 340mg/kg of soil.
TABLE 3 Effect of the multi-organic acid containing synergistic Compound fertilizers on the growth characteristics and yield of potted pakchoi
The multi-organic acid synergistic compound fertilizer prepared by the invention can promote the growth of the roots of the pakchoi, thicken and enlarge the roots, has obvious promotion effects on the plant height, the fresh weight of the underground part and the fresh weight of the overground part of the pakchoi, and can increase the yield by 41.2 percent. When 15% of fertilizer by mass is reduced, the yield of the Chinese cabbage can still be improved by 17.5%, which shows that the fertilizer synergist containing the polybasic organic acid can effectively reduce the using amount of the fertilizer.
Claims (1)
1. A synergistic fertilizer, characterized by comprising 0.5 wt% of a fertilizer synergist, said fertilizer synergist being prepared from the following components in a weight ratio of 0.12: 0.12: 0.26: 0.27: 0.22: 0.1: 0.1 of malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, humic acid and polyglutamic acid; the synergistic fertilizer comprises the following nutrient elements: p2O5：K2O＝15：15：15。
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| CN101117303B (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2010-12-15 | 华中农业大学 | Poly-gama-glutamic acid building fertilizer |
| CN103420700A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-12-04 | 河南神雨生物科技有限公司 | Fertilizer quick-acting long-acting synergist |
| CN105367209A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-02 | 江苏三叶园林种苗有限公司 | Fertilizer synergist and preparation method thereof |
| CN106316542A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2017-01-11 | 孙建和 | Synergistic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105646091A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-08 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106431769A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-22 | 秦皇岛五弦维爱科技开发有限公司 | Fertilizer synergist containing amino acid and preparation method of fertilizer synergist |
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