CN104541719A - Nitrogen fertilizer management method suitable for planting vegetable crops with different buffer actions in cadmium-polluted farmland - Google Patents
Nitrogen fertilizer management method suitable for planting vegetable crops with different buffer actions in cadmium-polluted farmland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrogen fertilizer management method suitable for planting vegetable crops with different buffer actions in a cadmium-polluted farmland. The nitrogen fertilizer management method comprises the following steps: applying an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or urea to the cadmium-polluted farmland when the acid buffering capacity of soil is more than or equal to 500mmol kg<-1>; applying an ammonium nitrate fertilizer or a urea nitrate fertilizer to the cadmium-polluted farmland when the acid buffering capacity of soil is more than 250mmol kg<-1> and less than 500mmol kg<-1>; applying a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to the cadmium-polluted farmland when the acid buffering capacity of soil is less than or equal to 250mmol kg<-1>, wherein in the ammonium nitrate fertilizer, the use level ratio of the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 1 to 1 based on the quantity of N; in the urea nitrate fertilizer, the use level ratio of the urea to the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 1 to 1 based on the quantity of N. According to the nitrogen fertilizer management method, the nitrogen fertilizer suitable for the production of the planting vegetable crops in the cadmium-polluted farmland is selected according to the numerical value of acid buffering capacity of soil, so that the damage caused by cadmium to the growth of the crops is retarded, and the content of cadmium in the crops is decreased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the management method that different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop produces nitrogen application.
Background technology
Cadmium (Cd) is one of heavy metal of most toxicity, and Cadmium Pollution in Soils is the environmental pollution focus of global common concern.In China, farmland Cd contamination phenomenon is comparatively serious.It is reported, China is existing more than 1.3 × 10
5the farmland of hectare is polluted by Cd.Cd in farmland is easily also accumulated in vivo by crops Root Absorption, directly affects the g and D of crop, causes the decline of crop production reduction and quality.In crop, the Cd of a large amount of accumulation also can jeopardize human health by food chain.Wherein, vegetables are a kind of crops more easily accumulating Cd, and it also occupies sizable proportion in the diet of people.There are some researches show, the Cd of human consumption has 70% to derive from vegetables.Therefore, the Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop production technology that exploitation is suitable or method have important social effect and economic worth.
As everyone knows, the biological effectiveness of the basic physical and chemical meeting extreme influence Cd of soil.Wherein, one of the most significant influence factor of impact is exactly soil acidity or alkalinity.As acid rain etc. can cause the factor of the acidifying of soil all can improve the biological effectiveness of Cd.China's SOIL DISTRIBUTION is wide, and soil buffer action also exists larger difference, and acid buffering capacity of soil is also considered to the good index evaluating soil buffer action.The difference of acid buffering capacity of soil, will have different interference performances for the external source acidifying factor.That is, acid buffering capacity of soil is higher, and anti-soil acidification ability is stronger.
In agricultural production process, for the purpose of increasing production, using of nitrogenous fertilizer is inevitable.Due to theoretically, after ammonium nitrogen enters soil, under the effect of edaphon, because of nitration reaction release proton, soil acidification can be caused.And while nitrate transporters in higher plants, may promote Cd on be transported in plant corpus.
How to carry out suitable nitrogen nutrient management thus realize resistance control crop to the absorption of cadmium, having become people urgently to wish the problem solved.
The invention " reducing the rice field nitrogen application process of rice grain cadmium content " of 2013103963923 informs a kind of rice field nitrogen application process reducing rice grain cadmium content, and be pollute in rice field at Cd, total amount of nitrogen counts 225kg/hm with pure N
2, divide and use for 2 times, both ensured that rice yield can not obviously decline, significantly can reduce the absorption of plant to Cd again.But the method does not inform the management how carrying out nitrogenous fertilizer for different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland (that is, for the soil of acidic buffer capacity).
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of N-fertilizer management method that applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop produces; The method is given chapter and verse acid buffering capacity of soil numerical value, selects to produce Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop the nitrogenous fertilizer be applicable to, and to slow down the harm of Cadmium in Soil to plant growth, and reduces the cadmium content done in object.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of N-fertilizer management method of applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation:
One, as acid buffering capacity of soil>=500mmol kg
-1time (belonging to soil buffer action comparatively strong, such as, is 550mmol kg
-1), in Cd-polluted farmland, use ammonium fertilizer or urea;
Join with nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrate and to execute or nitre is urinated to join and executed compared with process, of the present invention above-mentioned use ammonium fertilizer or urea after on the basis that keeps of vegetable crop (as a variety of Chinese cabbage) output of Cd-polluted farmland, make cadmium content decline 20-50%;
Two, as 250mmol kg
-1< acid buffering capacity of soil < 500mmol kg
-1time (belonging to soil buffer action medium, such as, is 300mmol kg
-1≤ acid buffering capacity of soil≤450mmol kg
-1), in Cd-polluted farmland, use the fertile or nitre urine of ammonium nitrate (that is, carry out joining of ammonium fertilizer and nitrate fertilizer and execute or carry out urea and joining of nitrate fertilizer executes);
Compared with only nitrate fertilizer process, of the present invention above-mentioned join execute process after on the basis that keeps of vegetable crop (as a variety of Chinese cabbage) output of Cd-polluted farmland, make cadmium content decline 10-30%.Compared with only ammonium fertilizer or Urea treatment, the above-mentioned yield of pakchoi executing rear Cd-polluted farmland of joining of the present invention can increase 20-100%, cadmium content decline 20-130%.
Three, as acid buffering capacity of soil≤250mmol kg
-1time (belonging to soil buffer action more weak, such as, is 200mmol kg
-1), in Cd-polluted farmland, use nitrate fertilizer;
Join with ammonium nitrogen, urea, ammonium nitrate execute, compared with nitre urinates and joins and to execute etc. and process, of the present invention above-mentioned use nitrate fertilizer after vegetable crop (as a variety of Chinese cabbage) output of Cd-polluted farmland can increase 50-100%, make cadmium content decline 50-200%.
Improvement as the N-fertilizer management method of applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation of the present invention:
In described ammonium nitrate fertilizer, calculate by N gauge, the amount ratio of ammonium fertilizer and nitrate fertilizer is 1:1;
In described nitre urine, calculate by N gauge, the amount ratio of urea and nitrate fertilizer is 1:1.
Improvement as the N-fertilizer management method of applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation of the present invention:
The consumption of described ammonium fertilizer, urea, ammonium nitrate fertilizer, nitre urine, nitrate fertilizer is: amount of nitrogen counts 120 ~ 240kg/hm with pure N
2.That is, the consumption of above-mentioned nitrogenous fertilizer is: amount of nitrogen counts 120 ~ 240kg/hm with pure N
2.Remarks illustrate: this nitrogen fertilizer amount belongs to conventional amount used; And fertilization mode of the present invention is also conventional single fertilization.
Remarks illustrate:
1, ammonium fertilizer is such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride etc.;
Nitrate fertilizer is such as sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate;
Foregoing all belongs to routine techniques.
2, as 0.20mg/kg≤cadmium content < 0.6mg/kg (China's soil environment quality secondary standard), the soil of cadmium slight pollution is belonged to;
As 0.60mg/kg≤cadmium content≤1.0mg/kg (China's soil environment quality grade III Standard), belong to the soil of cadmium intermediate pollution;
(exceed China's soil environment quality grade III Standard) as cadmium content > 1.0mg/kg, belong to the soil of cadmium serious pollution.
Foregoing also all belongs to routine techniques.
3, the acquisition of acid buffering capacity of soil value is routine techniques, such as, can measure in accordance with the following methods:
First, the CaCO of soil is measured
3content and cation exchange capacity (CEC).CaCO
3content measures by adding the rear standard base (SB) back titration method of quantitatively acid, and CEC sodium acetate or ammonium acetate exchange process measure.Then, the method reported according to (2005) such as Li Jianguos calculates acid buffering capacity of soil, i.e. acid buffering capacity of soil (mmol kg
-1)=-11.8+10.1CEC (cmol kg
-1)+19.6CaCO
3content (g kg
-1).
The present invention finds according to local soil buffer action level difference (characterizing with acid buffering capacity of soil), to select to use the nitrogen fertilizers be more suitable on the basis of great many of experiments.Namely, when acid buffering capacity of soil is lower, use nitrate fertilizer more suitable, the Cadmium in Soil validity that the soil acidification that ammonium and urea class nitrogenous fertilizer can be avoided to a great extent to cause causes improves phenomenon, effectively slow down the murder by poisoning of Cadmium in Soil to crop, significantly improve yield of vegetables, reduce and make cadmium content in object; If acid buffering capacity of soil is higher, then can select to use ammonium fertilizer and urea, the cadmium promoted because of nitrate fertilizer can be avoided to a great extent the problem such as to transport altogether, thus reduce the content making cadmium in object, resistance control cadmium enters food chain, improves food security.
In sum, the present invention proposes, should according to local soil buffer action level difference (characterizing with acid buffering capacity of soil), select to use the nitrogen fertilizers be more suitable for, to alleviate the murder by poisoning of Cadmium Pollution in Soils to crop, improve the output of Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop, and Cadmium accumulation in object is made in minimizing.
Embodiment
In following examples:
Ammonium fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; Nitrate fertilizer is sodium nitrate.
The fertile 1:1 of ammonium nitrate, refers to that ammonium fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) is 1:1 (calculating by N gauge) with the amount ratio of nitrate fertilizer (sodium nitrate); Nitre urine 1:1, refers to that the amount ratio of urea and nitrate fertilizer (sodium nitrate) is 1:1 (calculating by N gauge); All the other by that analogy.
Embodiment 1-1, be 200mmol kg at acid buffering capacity of soil after testing
-1soil (containing cadmium 5mg/kg) in test, each test region is 1m
2, fertilizer application amount conveniently applies fertilizer; That is, the consumption of per hectare nitrogenous fertilizer is set as nitrogenous fertilizer (that is, the every 1m containing 240kg N (nitrogen)
2during area, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is the nitrogenous fertilizer containing 24g N (nitrogen)), nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively nitrate fertilizer, ammonium fertilizer, urea, ammonium nitrate fertile 1:1, nitre urine 1:1.Each test arranges 3 repetitions, therefore sets 15 test regions altogether.
Each test region proceeds as follows respectively:
Fertilising is rear (namely in a conventional manner, fertilizer and soil are fully mixed) after, water to the 60-70% of field capacity, transplant a variety of Chinese cabbage seedling about 9 of 3-4 sheet true leaf, every 3d moisturizing once (that is, moisturizing is to the 60-70% of field capacity).In spacious canopy greenhouse, plant 2 months (temperature is 0-15 DEG C, plants 2 months) gather in the crops afterwards, measure fresh weight, and analyze the cadmium content (aas determination) in a variety of Chinese cabbage body.Overground part fresh weight, blade cadmium content the results are shown in following table 1:
Table 1 contains the soil of cadmium 5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 200mmol kg
-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Urea | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 4.11 | 0.55 | 0.75 | 2.83 | 2.97 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 13 | 18 | 69 | 72 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 46 | 130 | 70 | 53 | 55 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 283 | 152 | 115 | 120 |
Embodiment 2-1, be 200mmol kg by the acid buffering capacity of soil after testing in embodiment 1
-1soil make that acidic buffer capacity is after testing 300,450mmol kg respectively into
-1soil (being 5mg/kg containing cadmium).
Nitrogenous fertilizer used is respectively nitrate fertilizer, ammonium fertilizer, urea, the fertile 1:1 of ammonium nitrate, the fertile 1:2 of ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate fertile 2:1, nitre urine 1:1, nitre urine 1:2, nitre urine 2:1; Every 1m
2during area, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is the nitrogenous fertilizer containing 24g N (nitrogen); All the other contents are equal to embodiment 1-1.
Acquired results is respectively as shown in following table 2 ~ table 3.
Table 2, soil containing cadmium 5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 300mmol kg
-1
Table 3, soil containing cadmium 5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 450mmol kg
-1
Embodiment 3-1, be 200mmol kg by the acid buffering capacity of soil after testing in embodiment 1
-1soil to make acidic buffer capacity after testing into be 550mmol kg
-1soil (be 5mg/kg containing cadmium); Every 1m
2during area, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is the nitrogenous fertilizer containing 24gN (nitrogen), and all the other contents are equal to embodiment 1-1.
Acquired results is as shown in table 4 below.
Table 4 contains the soil of cadmium 5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 550mmol kg
-1,
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Urea | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 4.31 | 4.35 | 4.29 | 4.45 | 4.42 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 101 | 100 | 103 | 103 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 103 | 65 | 58 | 89 | 81 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 63 | 56 | 86 | 79 |
Embodiment 1-2, embodiment 2-2, embodiment 3-2:
" containing cadmium 5mg/kg " in embodiment 1-1, embodiment 2-1, embodiment 3-1 made into " containing cadmium 1mg/kg ", all the other are equal to embodiment 1-1, embodiment 2-1, embodiment 3-1; Acquired results is as shown in following table 5 ~ table 8:
Table 5 contains the soil of cadmium 1mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 200mmol kg
-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Urea | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 4.86 | 1.91 | 2.19 | 3.66 | 3.91 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 39 | 45 | 75 | 80 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 35 | 75 | 63 | 45 | 47 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 214 | 180 | 129 | 134 |
Table 6, soil containing cadmium 1mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 300mmol kg
-1
Table 7, soil containing cadmium 1mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 450mmol kg
-1
Table 8 contains the soil of cadmium 1mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 550mmol kg
-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Urea | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 5.22 | 5.19 | 5.19 | 5.28 | 5.35 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 99 | 99 | 101 | 102 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 64 | 46 | 44 | 59 | 55 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 72 | 69 | 92 | 86 |
Embodiment 1-3, embodiment 2-3, embodiment 3-3:
" containing cadmium 5mg/kg " in embodiment 1-1, embodiment 2-1, embodiment 3-1 made into " containing cadmium 0.5mg/kg ", all the other are equal to embodiment 1-1, embodiment 2-1, embodiment 3-1; Acquired results is as shown in following table 9 ~ table 12:
Table 9 contains the soil of cadmium 0.5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 200mmol kg
-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Urea | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 5.33 | 2.47 | 2.69 | 4.14 | 4.37 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 46 | 50 | 78 | 82 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 31 | 58 | 50 | 36 | 34 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 187 | 161 | 116 | 110 |
Table 10, soil containing cadmium 0.5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 300mmol kg
-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitre state | Ammonium state | Urea | Ammonium nitrate | Ammonium nitrate | Ammonium nitrate | Nitre is urinated | Nitre is urinated | Nitre is urinated |
| Nitrogen | Nitrogen | 1:1 | 1:2 | 2:1 | 1:1 | 1:2 | 2:1 | ||
| Fresh weight g | 5.30 | 3.54 | 3.57 | 5.23 | 5.15 | 5.28 | 5.40 | 5.13 | 5.33 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 67 | 67 | 99 | 97 | 100 | 102 | 97 | 101 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 35 | 44 | 42 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 27 | 34 | 32 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 126 | 120 | 80 | 86 | 89 | 77 | 97 | 91 |
Table 11, soil containing cadmium 0.5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 450mmol kg
-1
Table 12 contains the soil of cadmium 0.5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 550mmol kg
-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Urea | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 5.46 | 5.38 | 5.48 | 5.40 | 5.50 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 99 | 100 | 99 | 101 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 51 | 37 | 33 | 47 | 46 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 73 | 65 | 92 | 90 |
Finally, it is also to be noted that what enumerate above is only several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion can also be had.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive from content disclosed by the invention or associate, all should think protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. be applicable to the N-fertilizer management method of different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation, it is characterized in that:
As acid buffering capacity of soil>=500mmol kg
-1time, in Cd-polluted farmland, use ammonium fertilizer or urea;
As 250mmol kg
-1< acid buffering capacity of soil < 500mmol kg
-1time, in Cd-polluted farmland, use ammonium nitrate fertilizer or nitre urine;
As acid buffering capacity of soil≤250mmol kg
-1time, in Cd-polluted farmland, use nitrate fertilizer.
2. the N-fertilizer management method of applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described ammonium nitrate fertilizer, calculate by N gauge, the amount ratio of ammonium fertilizer and nitrate fertilizer is 1:1;
In described nitre urine, calculate by N gauge, the amount ratio of urea and nitrate fertilizer is 1:1.
3. the N-fertilizer management method of applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that:
The consumption of described ammonium fertilizer, urea, ammonium nitrate fertilizer, nitre urine, nitrate fertilizer is: count 120 ~ 240kg/hm with pure N
2.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN108450258A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-08-28 | 广东省农业科学院农产品公共监测中心 | A kind of method that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south |
| CN109226219A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-18 | 常州大学 | A kind of method that nitrogenous fertilizer strengthens alternanthera philoxeroides cadmium pollution soil repair |
| CN110447364A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-11-15 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of cadmium pollution high-sulfur soil safety production crops |
| CN110981577A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 贵州省园艺研究所(贵州省园艺工程技术研究中心) | Effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer composition and application method |
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