CN103493641A - Rice field nitrogenous fertilizer application method capable of reducing cadmium content of rice grain - Google Patents
Rice field nitrogenous fertilizer application method capable of reducing cadmium content of rice grain Download PDFInfo
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- CN103493641A CN103493641A CN201310396392.3A CN201310396392A CN103493641A CN 103493641 A CN103493641 A CN 103493641A CN 201310396392 A CN201310396392 A CN 201310396392A CN 103493641 A CN103493641 A CN 103493641A
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Abstract
The invention specifically discloses a rice field nitrogenous fertilizer application method capable of reducing cadmium content of a rice grain, which belongs to the field of heavy metal pollution prevention and control technology for agricultural products. According to the method, the total nitrogen application rate of a nitrogenous fertilizer applied in a Cd-contaminated rice field is 225 kg/hm<2> in terms of pure N, the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied twice, respectively applied 3 days before transplantation of rice seedlings and 20 days after transplantation of the rice seedlings, and the nitrogen application rate is half of the total nitrogen application rate each time. The method can guarantee no obvious decrease of rice output and greatly reduce cadmium content of the rice grain.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural product Heavy Metal Pollution technology.
Background technology
Since the 1950's, along with increasing considerably of the size of population, the fast development of the industry such as mining, smelting and manufacture, a large amount of uses of agricultural chemicals and the discharge of urban sewage dirt, cause metallic element that Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu etc. are poisonous to biology in environment fast, excessively accumulation, this problem of environmental pollution caused by mankind's activity attracts wide attention, the major part of these metallic elements is summarised in together, is referred to as " heavy metal (Heavy metals) " element.In each heavy metal element, cadmium (Cd) is one of element that the degree of receiving publicity is the highest because Cd easily is absorbed by plants, and usually by food chain to the human body enrichment.
Cd is high to human toxicity, and the accumulation that easily is absorbed by the body.Have abundant result of study to prove, Cd has very strong carcinogenesis to the multiple organs such as lung, prostate, suprarenal gland, testis and hemopoietic system of animal.According to Japanology, the edible high rice of Cd content can cause the human kidney dysfunction for a long time, causes lethality to rise, the lost of life.Betide the Itai-itai diseases in basin, magic river, Toyama County, Japan, by Japanese Environment mechanism, confirmed it is due to the local resident for a long time due to the edible rice polluted by Cd.Cd is defined as the carcinogen to the mankind by international cancer research institution (International Agency for Research on Cancer).
In Chinese industrial and mining area and developed area, along with using in a large number of quick increase, industrial expansion and the agricultural chemicals of the size of population, the heavy metal pollution of agricultural land soil is on the rise.China shows the investigation of 20 many places mining, smelting and industrial wastewater pollution point, and some regional farmland Cd pollute very serious, and area and degree in rising trend.As the agricultural land soil of the plumbous zinc ore contaminated wastewater in Yang Shuo, Guangxi is measured and is reached 10-136 mg/kg containing Cd; Contaminated farmland area 2800 hm in Zhang Shi irrigated area, Shenyang
2, soil Cd content 5-7 mg/kg; The cadmium that the chimney of Daye, hubei Province copper works is discharged pollutes the farmland of 10 km scopes on every side, and the polluted agricultural land area reaches 8700 hm
2; The average cadmium content of agricultural land soil that the cadmium wastewater of Shanghai zine-smelting plant discharge pollutes reaches 7.7 mg/kg; " Dayu County, Wu Dou” Jiangxi, the world spreads all over tungsten ore factory, is subject to the rural sewage disposal farm area to reach hm more than 5000
2, the average cadmium content of soil is 0.62 mg/kg, similar to the cadmium pollution situation in basin, the magic river of Japan.Above-mentioned contaminated region rice grain Cd content is 0.29-1.09 mg/kg, all over state health standards (<0.2 mg/kg).Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing soil the sampling Detection in 28 counties, 8 city, Jiangsu Province is shown, the Cd content overproof rate of Jiangsu Part area grain (rice, wheat, flour) reaches 25%.And paddy rice has an outstanding feature to be to absorption and the accumulation of Cd: often growth is not affected, but the Cd content of rice has surpassed sanitary standard several times, even more than ten times.Therefore, movement and the accumulation of Cd in soil-rice-human system shown great attention to.
Cd content in rice not only can be subject to the impact of soil pollution situation and rice varieties, also can be subject to the impact of culture technique.In growth process of riceplant, the agronomic measures such as fertilising, water management can change the physics and chemistry situation of soil and the upgrowth situation of paddy rice, thereby can change existence and the plant availability of Cd in soil, affect absorption and the distribution of paddy rice to Cd.Different amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer and application process have different impacts to the Cd absorption of paddy rice.But about the fertilizing standards of nitrogenous fertilizer and use the affect aspect of period on rice Cd content, also lack very much research, thereby lack the rice field nitrogen fertilizer applying method that reduces Cd concentration in rice.
On the basis that the present invention studies for many years the applicant, propose to pollute in rice field in heavy metal Cd, both guaranteed that rice yield can obviously not descend, rice field nitrogen fertilizer applying method that again can decrease seed Cd content.
Summary of the invention
In actual Rice Production, the normal fertilizing method adopted of peasant is varied, but the most common, to use maximum be nitrogen fertilizer application because the facilitation effect that applied nitrogen increases rice growth and output is fast, obviously, some period applied nitrogen of Rice Production so the peasant is everlasting.But a lot of peasants' N application method relatively blindly, often lack scientific, if it is improper to execute nitrogen period or execute nitrogen level control, not only can cause rice seedling overgrowing, remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, rice yield and rice quality to descend, and can promote in paddy soil to human toxicity the release of very strong heavy metal Cd and increase the absorption of paddy rice to these materials, result causes Cd content overproof in rice grain, and in the rice field of particularly polluting at Cd, this situation is easy to occur.The present inventor shows by large quantity research, usually before the high nitrogen fertilising adopted with the peasant and Rice Heading, use granulated fertilizer relatively, the N application method of suitable time, optimal level, on the basis that guarantees the not obvious decline of rice yield, the Cd content of energy decrease rice grain.
A kind of rice field nitrogen fertilizer applying method that reduces the rice grain cadmium content of the present invention, be to pollute in rice field at Cd, determines that total amount of nitrogen is 225 kg/hm
2, minute use for 2 times, respectively before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings 3 days and transplant seedlings after 20 days total amount of nitrogens of each Shi 1/2.
Cd described in such scheme pollutes rice field, refer to the rice field heavy metal Cd in, slight pollution area (soil Cd concentration≤10 mg/kg).
(1) execute nitrogen level: in execute nitrogen level, amount of nitrogen is 225 kg/hm
2(in pure N, closing every mu of 15 kg).Executing nitrogen level, too high (height is executed nitrogen level, 300 kg/hm
2), although rice yield is high, seed Cd content is also high, easily surpasses state health standards; Execute too low (the low nitrogen level, 150 kg/hm executed of nitrogen level
2), rice yield declines by a big margin, with the highest high nitrogen fertilising of output relatively, long-grained nonglutinous rice production declining amplitude can surpass 10%(see attached list 1 and table 2).
(2) execute nitrogen period: minute use for 2 times, respectively 3 days (base manure) and 1/2 of the latter 20 days total amount of nitrogens of (tillering fertilizer) each Shi that transplant seedlings before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings.If minutes 3 times fertilisings, i.e. 3 days (base manure), transplant seedlings latter 20 days (tillering fertilizer), 1/3 of the first 5 days total amount of nitrogens of (granulated fertilizer) each Shi of earing before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings respectively, although rice yield is high, seed Cd content is also high, easily surpasses state health standards; If disposable employed as base manure, rice yield has obvious decline, with minute 3 fertilisings that output is the highest, compares, and long-grained nonglutinous rice production declining amplitude can be higher than 5%.
The technical scheme of this application patent after rice field Cd contaminated region is implemented, Cd concentration that can the decrease rice grain, but can not produce obviously impact to rice yield.Execute nitrogen level (300 kg/hm with height commonly used in the paddy rice actual production
2), minutes 3 times balance fertilizings (base manure, tillering fertilizer, granulated fertilizer each 1/3) compare, seed Cd content fall is (long-grained nonglutinous rice descends 60%, and japonica rice descends 50%) significantly, and rice yield fall not obvious (long-grained nonglutinous rice is lower than 5%, and japonica rice is lower than 3%).In the heavy metal Cd of rice field, slight pollution area (soil Cd concentration≤10 mg/kg), by the enforcement of this application patented technology scheme, can control rice grain Cd content and meet state health standards (seed Cd concentration<0.2 mg/kg).
Embodiment
1, the amount of nitrogen in the present invention is in pure N, because the nitrogen content of different fertilizer kind is variant, during fertilising, will calculate according to the nitrogen content of concrete fertilizer variety concrete fertilizing amount.
2, first rice field is filled with to thin water layer (approximately 3 cm) before the fertilising, fertilizer is evenly executed in water layer, pour water after allowing water layer naturally fall to do again, water layer falls to do the front draining of not wanting.During fertilising, try not to make fertilizer to adhere on rice leaf, in order to avoid blade is produced and burns.
(3) in the selection of rice varieties, should select the japonica rice variety weak to Cd absorbing capacity in soil, should not select the long-grained nonglutinous rice stronger to the Cd absorbing capacity or Hybrid Rice Varieties.
seed cadmium content under the different nitrogen fertilizer applying methods in table 1 rice field is (unit: mg/kg) relatively
rice yield under the different nitrogen fertilizer applying methods in table 2 rice field is (unit: kg/hm relatively
2
)
Annotate: nitrogen code in period is executed in rice field
A: disposable employed as base manure.
B: divide and use for 2 times, respectively 3 days (base manure) and 1/2 of the latter 20 days total amount of nitrogens of (tillering fertilizer) each Shi that transplant seedlings before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings.
C: minutes 3 times fertilisings, i.e. 3 days (base manure), transplant seedlings latter 20 days (tillering fertilizer), 1/3 of the first 5 days total amount of nitrogens of (granulated fertilizer) each Shi of earing before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings respectively.
Claims (2)
1. a rice field nitrogen fertilizer applying method that reduces the rice grain cadmium content, be to pollute in rice field at Cd, and total amount of nitrogen is counted 225 kg/hm with pure N
2, minute use for 2 times, respectively before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings 3 days and transplant seedlings after 20 days total amount of nitrogens of each Shi 1/2.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Cd pollutes rice field and refers to soil Cd concentration≤10 mg/kg.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104541719A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江工商大学 | Nitrogen fertilizer management method suitable for planting vegetable crops with different buffer actions in cadmium-polluted farmland |
| CN107162793A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-15 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of Fertilizer Combination and its method of application of the mild or moderate cadmium pollution of prevention and control rice field |
| CN108191466A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-06-22 | 江南大学 | A kind of organic nitrogenous fertilizer and its application method for being passivated Cadmium in Soil activity |
| CN109168518A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-11 | 常州大学 | A kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method reducing rice arsenic concentration |
| CN109328590A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-02-15 | 常州大学 | A kind of NPK fertilizer application method reducing Cd concentration of brown rice |
| CN114375663A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-22 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Nitrogen fertilizer application method for planting vegetables in cadmium-copper combined polluted soil |
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| CN101133710A (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2008-03-05 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for controlling the accumulation of the heavy metal cadmium in the rice corn |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104541719A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江工商大学 | Nitrogen fertilizer management method suitable for planting vegetable crops with different buffer actions in cadmium-polluted farmland |
| CN104541719B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-08-17 | 浙江工商大学 | It is suitable for the N-fertilizer management method of different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation |
| CN107162793A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-15 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of Fertilizer Combination and its method of application of the mild or moderate cadmium pollution of prevention and control rice field |
| CN108191466A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-06-22 | 江南大学 | A kind of organic nitrogenous fertilizer and its application method for being passivated Cadmium in Soil activity |
| CN108191466B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2021-02-02 | 江南大学 | Organic nitrogen fertilizer for passivating soil cadmium activity and using method thereof |
| CN109168518A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-11 | 常州大学 | A kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method reducing rice arsenic concentration |
| CN109328590A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-02-15 | 常州大学 | A kind of NPK fertilizer application method reducing Cd concentration of brown rice |
| CN114375663A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-22 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Nitrogen fertilizer application method for planting vegetables in cadmium-copper combined polluted soil |
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Application publication date: 20140108 |