CN104541719B - It is suitable for the N-fertilizer management method of different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation - Google Patents
It is suitable for the N-fertilizer management method of different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of N-fertilizer management method of applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantations: as acid buffering capacity of soil >=500mmol kg‑1Time, Cd-polluted farmland is used ammonium fertilizer or carbamide；As 250mmol kg‑1＜ acid buffering capacity of soil ＜ 500mmol kg‑1Time, Cd-polluted farmland is used ammonium nitrate fertilizer or nitre urine；As acid buffering capacity of soil≤250mmol kg‑1Time, Cd-polluted farmland is used nitrate fertilizer.In ammonium nitrate fertilizer, calculating by N amount, ammonium fertilizer is 1:1 with the amount ratio of nitrate fertilizer；In nitre urine, calculating by N amount, carbamide is 1:1 with the amount ratio of nitrate fertilizer.The method proposes according to acid buffering capacity of soil numerical value, selects to produce, Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop, the nitrogenous fertilizer being suitable for, to slow down the Cadmium in Soil harm to plant growth, and reduces the cadmium content in crop body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop and produce the management method of nitrogen application.
Background technology
Cadmium (Cd) is one of heavy metal of most toxicity, and Cadmium Pollution in Soils is the environmental pollution focus of whole world common concern.
In China, farmland Cd contamination phenomenon is the most serious.It is reported, China is more than 1.3 × 105The farmland of hectare is dirty by Cd
Dye.Cd in farmland easily by crops Root Absorption and accumulates in vivo, directly affects the g and D of crop, causes farming
The thing underproduction and the decline of quality.In crop, the Cd of a large amount of accumulation also can jeopardize human health by food chain.Wherein, vegetable is one
Planting the crops being easier to accumulate Cd, it also occupies sizable proportion in the diet of people.There are some researches show, human consumption's
Cd has 70% to derive from vegetable.Therefore, develop suitable Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop production technology or method has important
Social meaning and economic worth.
It is known that the biological effectiveness of the basic physical and chemical meeting extreme influence Cd of soil.Wherein, impact is the most notable
One of influence factor be exactly soil acidity or alkalinity.The biology that the factor of the acidifying of soil can be caused all can to improve Cd such as acid rain etc. has
Effect property.China's SOIL DISTRIBUTION is wide, and soil buffer action there is also larger difference, and acid buffering capacity of soil is also considered as evaluating soil
One good index of earth resiliency.The difference of acid buffering capacity of soil, will have different doing for the external source acidifying factor
Disturb ability.That is, acid buffering capacity of soil is the highest, and anti-soil acidification ability is the strongest.
In agricultural production process, for the purpose of volume increase, using of nitrogenous fertilizer is inevitable.For theoretically, ammonium
After state nitrogen enters soil, under the effect of soil microorganism, because nitration reaction discharges proton, soil acidification can be caused.And plant
Absorb while nitrate nitrogen, may promote Cd on be transported in plant.
How to carry out suitable nitrogen nutrient management thus realize the resistance control crop absorption to cadmium, become people highly desirable
The problem solved.
The invention " reducing the rice field nitrogen application process of rice grain cadmium content " of 2013103963923 informs a kind of fall
The rice field nitrogen application process of low rice grain cadmium content, is that total amount of nitrogen is calculated as 225kg/ with pure N in Cd pollutes rice field
hm2, divide and use for 2 times, both ensured that rice yield will not be decreased obviously, plant absorption to Cd can be greatly lowered again.But should
Method does not inform how to carry out nitrogenous fertilizer for different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland (that is, for the soil of acidic buffer capacity)
Management.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crops and produces
N-fertilizer management method；The method proposes according to acid buffering capacity of soil numerical value, selects to produce Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop
The nitrogenous fertilizer being suitable for, to slow down the Cadmium in Soil harm to plant growth, and reduces the cadmium content in crop body.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of and is suitable for different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop kind
The N-fertilizer management method planted:
One, as acid buffering capacity of soil >=500mmol kg-1Time (belong to soil buffer action relatively strong, for example, 550mmol
kg-1), Cd-polluted farmland is used ammonium fertilizer or carbamide；
Join with nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrate and execute or compared with nitre urine joins and execute process, after the present invention above-mentioned uses ammonium fertilizer or carbamide
On the basis of vegetable crop (such as the Plantula Brassicae chinensis) yield of Cd-polluted farmland keeps, cadmium content is made to decline 20-50%；
Two, as 250mmol kg-1＜ acid buffering capacity of soil ＜ 500mmol kg-1Time (belong to soil buffer action medium,
For example, 300mmol kg-1≤ acid buffering capacity of soil≤450mmol kg-1), Cd-polluted farmland is used ammonium nitrate fertilizer or nitre
Urine (that is, carries out ammonium fertilizer to execute or carry out carbamide with joining of nitrate fertilizer and execute joining of nitrate fertilizer)；
Compared with processing with only nitrate fertilizer, the present invention above-mentioned is joined and executes after process the vegetable crop of Cd-polluted farmland (as little
Chinese cabbage) yield keep on the basis of, make cadmium content decline 10-30%.Compared with only ammonium fertilizer or Urea treatment, the present invention's
Above-mentioned joining executes the yield of pakchoi of rear Cd-polluted farmland and can increase 20-100%, and cadmium content declines 20-130%.
Three, as acid buffering capacity of soil≤250mmol kg-1Time (belong to soil buffer action more weak, for example, 200mmol
kg-1), Cd-polluted farmland is used nitrate fertilizer；
Join with ammonium nitrogen, carbamide, ammonium nitrate execute, compared with nitre urine joins and executes etc. and to process, after the present invention above-mentioned uses nitrate fertilizer
Vegetable crop (such as the Plantula Brassicae chinensis) yield of Cd-polluted farmland can increase 50-100%, makes cadmium content decline 50-200%.
Improvement as the N-fertilizer management method that the applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crops of the present invention are planted:
In described ammonium nitrate fertilizer, calculating by N amount, ammonium fertilizer is 1:1 with the amount ratio of nitrate fertilizer；
In described nitre urine, calculating by N amount, carbamide is 1:1 with the amount ratio of nitrate fertilizer.
Improvement as the N-fertilizer management method that the applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crops of the present invention are planted:
Described ammonium fertilizer, carbamide, ammonium nitrate fertilizer, nitre urine, the consumption of nitrate fertilizer are: amount of nitrogen is calculated as 120 with pure N
～240kg/hm2.That is, the consumption of above-mentioned nitrogenous fertilizer is: amount of nitrogen is calculated as 120～240kg/hm with pure N2.Remarks illustrate: this nitrogen
Fertile consumption belongs to conventional amount used；And the fertilization mode of the present invention is also conventional single fertilization.
Remarks illustrate:
1, ammonium fertilizer for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride etc.；
Nitrate fertilizer for example, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate；
Foregoing belongs to routine techniques.
2, as 0.20mg/kg≤cadmium content ＜ 0.6mg/kg (China's soil environment quality secondary standard), cadmium is belonged to light
Degree contaminated soil；
As 0.60mg/kg≤cadmium content≤1.0mg/kg (China's soil environment quality grade III Standard), belong to cadmium moderate
Contaminated soil；
(exceed China's soil environment quality grade III Standard) as cadmium content ＞ 1.0mg/kg, belong to the soil of cadmium serious pollution
Earth.
Foregoing also belongs to routine techniques.
3, the acquisition of acid buffering capacity of soil value is routine techniques, such as, can be measured in accordance with the following methods:
First, the CaCO of soil is measured3Content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (CEC).CaCO3Content is by adding standard after quantitative acid
Alkali back titration method measures, and CEC sodium acetate or ammonium acetate exchange process measure.Then, the side reported according to (2005) such as Li Jianguos
Method calculates acid buffering capacity of soil, i.e. acid buffering capacity of soil (mmol kg-1)=-11.8+10.1CEC (cmol kg-1)+
19.6CaCO3Content (g kg-1)。
The present invention finds (to delay with soil acid according to local soil buffer action level is different on the basis of great many of experiments
Rush capacity to characterize), select to use the nitrogen fertilizers being more suitable for.That is, relatively low when acid buffering capacity of soil, use nitrate fertilizer
The most suitable, the Cadmium in Soil effectiveness that the soil acidification that can largely avoid ammonium and carbamide class nitrogenous fertilizer to cause causes improves existing
As, effectively slow down the Cadmium in Soil murder by poisoning to crop, yield of vegetables is greatly improved, reduce cadmium content in crop body；If soil is sour
Buffer capacity is higher, then may select and use ammonium fertilizer and carbamide, can largely avoid the cadmium promoted because of nitrate fertilizer to be total to
The problems such as fortune, thus the content of cadmium in reducing crop body, resistance control cadmium enters food chain, improves food safety.
In sum, the present invention proposes, it should (enter with acid buffering capacity of soil according to local soil buffer action level difference
Row characterizes), select to use the nitrogen fertilizers being more suitable for, to alleviate the Cadmium Pollution in Soils murder by poisoning to crop, improve Cd-polluted farmland
The yield of vegetable crop, and reduce Cadmium accumulation in crop body.
Detailed description of the invention
In following example:
Ammonium fertilizer is ammonium sulfate；Nitrate fertilizer is sodium nitrate.
Ammonium nitrate fertilizer 1:1, refers to that ammonium fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) is that 1:1 is (by N gauge with the amount ratio of nitrate fertilizer (sodium nitrate)
Calculate)；Nitre urine 1:1, refers to that carbamide is 1:1 (calculating by N amount) with the amount ratio of nitrate fertilizer (sodium nitrate)；Remaining is with this type of
Push away.
Embodiment 1-1, it is 200mmol kg at acid buffering capacity of soil after testing-1Soil (containing cadmium 5mg/kg) in carry out
Experiment, each trial zone is 1m2, apply fertilizer according to conventional fertilizer application amount；That is, the consumption of per hectare nitrogenous fertilizer is set as containing
The nitrogenous fertilizer of 240kg N (nitrogen) (that is, every 1m2During area, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is the nitrogenous fertilizer containing 24g N (nitrogen)), nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively nitre
State nitrogenous fertilizer, ammonium fertilizer, carbamide, ammonium nitrate fertilizer 1:1, nitre urine 1:1.Each test arranges 3 repetitions, sets 15 examinations the most altogether
Test district.
Each trial zone proceeds as follows respectively:
After (that is, fertilizer and soil fully being mixed) after fertilising in a conventional manner, water to the 60-of field capacity
70%, transplant the Plantula Brassicae chinensis seedling about 9 of 3-4 sheet true leaf, every 3d moisturizing, once (that is, moisturizing is to the 60-of field capacity
70%).In spacious canopy greenhouse, plant 2 months (temperature is 0-15 DEG C, plants 2 months) gather in the crops afterwards, measure fresh weight, and analyze little Bai
Cadmium content (aas determination) in dish body.Overground part fresh weight, the result of blade cadmium content are shown in table 1 below:
The table 1 soil containing cadmium 5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 200mmol kg-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Carbamide | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 4.11 | 0.55 | 0.75 | 2.83 | 2.97 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 13 | 18 | 69 | 72 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 46 | 130 | 70 | 53 | 55 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 283 | 152 | 115 | 120 |
Embodiment 2-1, it is 200mmol kg by the acid buffering capacity of soil after testing in embodiment 1-1Soil change respectively
To become acidic buffer capacity after testing be 300,450mmol kg-1Soil (being 5mg/kg containing cadmium).
Nitrogenous fertilizer used is respectively nitrate fertilizer, ammonium fertilizer, carbamide, ammonium nitrate fertilizer 1:1, ammonium nitrate fertilizer 1:2, ammonium nitrate fertilizer 2:1, nitre
Urine 1:1, nitre urine 1:2, nitre urine 2:1；Every 1m2During area, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is the nitrogenous fertilizer containing 24g N (nitrogen)；In remaining
Hold and be equal to embodiment 1-1.
Acquired results is respectively as shown in table 2 below～table 3.
Table 2, soil containing cadmium 5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 300mmol kg-1
Table 3, soil containing cadmium 5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 450mmol kg-1
Embodiment 3-1, it is 200mmol kg by the acid buffering capacity of soil after testing in embodiment 1-1Soil make into through
Detection acidic buffer capacity is 550mmol kg-1Soil (being 5mg/kg containing cadmium)；Every 1m2During area, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is for containing
The nitrogenous fertilizer of 24gN (nitrogen), remaining content is equal to embodiment 1-1.
Acquired results is as shown in table 4 below.
The table 4 soil containing cadmium 5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 550mmol kg-1、
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Carbamide | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 4.31 | 4.35 | 4.29 | 4.45 | 4.42 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 101 | 100 | 103 | 103 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 103 | 65 | 58 | 89 | 81 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 63 | 56 | 86 | 79 |
Embodiment 1-2, embodiment 2-2, embodiment 3-2:
Make " containing the cadmium 5mg/kg " in embodiment 1-1, embodiment 2-1, embodiment 3-1 into " containing cadmium 1mg/kg ", remaining
It is equal to embodiment 1-1, embodiment 2-1, embodiment 3-1；Acquired results is as shown in table 5 below～table 8:
The table 5 soil containing cadmium 1mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 200mmol kg-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Carbamide | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 4.86 | 1.91 | 2.19 | 3.66 | 3.91 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 39 | 45 | 75 | 80 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 35 | 75 | 63 | 45 | 47 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 214 | 180 | 129 | 134 |
Table 6, soil containing cadmium 1mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 300mmol kg-1
Table 7, soil containing cadmium 1mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 450mmol kg-1
The table 8 soil containing cadmium 1mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 550mmol kg-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Carbamide | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 5.22 | 5.19 | 5.19 | 5.28 | 5.35 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 99 | 99 | 101 | 102 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 64 | 46 | 44 | 59 | 55 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 72 | 69 | 92 | 86 |
Embodiment 1-3, embodiment 2-3, embodiment 3-3:
Make " containing the cadmium 5mg/kg " in embodiment 1-1, embodiment 2-1, embodiment 3-1 into " containing cadmium 0.5mg/kg ", its
More than be equal to embodiment 1-1, embodiment 2-1, embodiment 3-1；Acquired results is as shown in table 9 below～table 12:
The table 9 soil containing cadmium 0.5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 200mmol kg-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Carbamide | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 5.33 | 2.47 | 2.69 | 4.14 | 4.37 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 46 | 50 | 78 | 82 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 31 | 58 | 50 | 36 | 34 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 187 | 161 | 116 | 110 |
Table 10, soil containing cadmium 0.5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 300mmol kg-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitre state | Ammonium state | Carbamide | Ammonium nitrate | Ammonium nitrate | Ammonium nitrate | Nitre is urinated | Nitre is urinated | Nitre is urinated |
| Nitrogen | Nitrogen | 1:1 | 1:2 | 2:1 | 1:1 | 1:2 | 2:1 | ||
| Fresh weight g | 5.30 | 3.54 | 3.57 | 5.23 | 5.15 | 5.28 | 5.40 | 5.13 | 5.33 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 67 | 67 | 99 | 97 | 100 | 102 | 97 | 101 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 35 | 44 | 42 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 27 | 34 | 32 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 126 | 120 | 80 | 86 | 89 | 77 | 97 | 91 |
Table 11, soil containing cadmium 0.5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 450mmol kg-1
The table 12 soil containing cadmium 0.5mg/kg, acidic buffer capacity 550mmol kg-1
| Nitrogenous fertilizer | Nitrate nitrogen | Ammonium nitrogen | Carbamide | Ammonium nitrate 1:1 | Nitre urine 1:1 |
| Fresh weight g | 5.46 | 5.38 | 5.48 | 5.40 | 5.50 |
| Fresh weight relative value | 100 | 99 | 100 | 99 | 101 |
| Cadmium content mg/kg | 51 | 37 | 33 | 47 | 46 |
| Cadmium content relative value | 100 | 73 | 65 | 92 | 90 |
Finally, in addition it is also necessary to be only several specific embodiments of the present invention it is noted that listed above.Obviously, this
Bright it is not limited to above example, it is also possible to have many deformation.Those of ordinary skill in the art can be from present disclosure
The all deformation directly derived or associate, are all considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. it is suitable for the N-fertilizer management method of different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantation, it is characterized in that:
As acid buffering capacity of soil >=500mmol kg-1Time, Cd-polluted farmland is used ammonium fertilizer or carbamide；
As 250mmol kg-1＜ acid buffering capacity of soil ＜ 500mmol kg-1Time, Cd-polluted farmland is used ammonium nitrate fertilizer or nitre
Urine；
As acid buffering capacity of soil≤250mmol kg-1Time, Cd-polluted farmland is used nitrate fertilizer.
The N-fertilizer management method of applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantations the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that:
In described ammonium nitrate fertilizer, calculating by N amount, ammonium fertilizer is 1:1 with the amount ratio of nitrate fertilizer；
In described nitre urine, calculating by N amount, carbamide is 1:1 with the amount ratio of nitrate fertilizer.
The N-fertilizer management side of applicable different resiliency Cd-polluted farmland vegetable crop plantations the most according to claim 1 and 2
Method, is characterized in that:
Described ammonium fertilizer, carbamide, ammonium nitrate fertilizer, nitre urine, the consumption of nitrate fertilizer are: be calculated as 120～240kg/ with pure N
hm2。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108450258A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-08-28 | 广东省农业科学院农产品公共监测中心 | A kind of method that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south |
| CN109226219A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-18 | 常州大学 | A kind of method that nitrogenous fertilizer strengthens alternanthera philoxeroides cadmium pollution soil repair |
| CN110447364B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2022-04-15 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | Fertilizing method for safely producing crops in cadmium-polluted high-sulfur soil |
| CN110981577A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 贵州省园艺研究所(贵州省园艺工程技术研究中心) | Effective cucumber nitrogen fertilizer composition and application method |
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| EP1134206A2 (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2001-09-19 | GFR GESELLSCHAFT FÜR DIE AUFBEREITUNG UND VERWERTUNG VON RESTSTOFFEN mbH | Use of incineration ashes of sewage sludge and animal waste as phosphatic fertiliser |
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