CN108450258A - A kind of method that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south - Google Patents

A kind of method that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108450258A
CN108450258A CN201810113731.5A CN201810113731A CN108450258A CN 108450258 A CN108450258 A CN 108450258A CN 201810113731 A CN201810113731 A CN 201810113731A CN 108450258 A CN108450258 A CN 108450258A
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soil
molybdenum
fertilizer
nitrate
content
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Inventor
杜应琼
黄永东
陈永坚
王富华
徐爱平
吴志超
杜瑞英
文典
李富荣
赵沛华
苏园
李蕾
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Agricultural Public Monitoring Center Guangdong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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Agricultural Public Monitoring Center Guangdong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

A kind of method that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south, includes the following steps:The selection of soil;PH is selected to be less than 6.0, effective molybdenum content is in 0.020 0.28mg/kg, and molybdenum value is 5.0 8.0, soil of the nitrate nitrogen content in 1.0 20mg/kg;Plantation:Grown on soil after selection likes nitre leafy vegetable;Fertilising:It applies fertilizer to vegetables, wherein the amount for discharging nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.2 0.6g/kg soil;The amount for discharging molydbenum fertilizer is 0.25 0.35mg/kg, discharges the soil dry weight that the amount of charcoal is 3 6%;The ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 1 in the nitrogenous fertilizer:0.43‑2.33.The present invention can effectively increase the happiness nitre leafy vegetable yield being planted in acid soil in the south, while reduce nitrate content therein.

Description

A kind of method that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south.
Background technology
Molybdenum is a kind of trace element that requirement is less in process of crop growth.It has in plant with the metabolism of nitrogen Very close relationship participates in the nitrogen metabolism of plant as the main constituents of plant azotase and nitrate reductase, performance It not only plays an important role in biological nitrogen fixation for molybdenum, but also participates in the reduction process of nitrate, because molybdenum is composition nitric acid The ingredient of reductase.
When crop lacks molybdenum, if using nitrate nitrogen as nitrogen source, it can be in crop cylinder accumulation nitrate ion, to reduce egg The synthesis of white matter.In addition, hydrolyzing the phosphatase activity of various phosphate esters will also be influenced by molybdenum, dimension life in crop body when lacking molybdenum The content of plain C can also be reduced.It is generally acknowledged that when plant lacks molybdenum, plant will appear two kinds of scarce molybdenum phenomenon, a kind of and fixed nitrogen Declines are related, and blade coloring, which subtracts, takes off, similar with nitrogen stress;It is another then be to have excessive nitrate nitrogen (nitrate) in plant Accumulation.
The excessive phenomenon of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is very prominent in agricultural production, and the nitrogenous fertilizer in nonirrigated farmland is whether in the form of which kind of (ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, acyl ammonium nitrogen) is manured into soil, and is present in soil in the form of being finally all converted into based on nitrate nitrogen In, so the nitrogenous fertilizer of plant absorption is based on nitrate nitrogen, but the nitrate nitrogen that plant absorbs from soil must be reduced to ammonium state Nitrogen could be by plant assimilating utilization, and then is converted into amino acid and protein.If soil lacks molybdenum, plant one side can because lacking The nitrogen that utilizes and growth and the yield for influencing plant, on the other hand because of the excess accumulation of nitrate nitrogen (nitrate) in plant, quilt Edible descendant knows from experience unhealthful because of the nitrate of excess intake.
Therefore molydbenum fertilizer is reasonably applied, a large amount of nitrate nitrogens for being effectively facilitated plant (vegetables) absorption are converted into ammonium nitrogen and are The important leverage of vegetable yields and quality.
Whether need to apply molybdenum at present to be according to depending on Available Molybdenum Content In Soils, grade scale is as follows:
Table 1:
Grigg proposes that the critical value that soil lacks molybdenum is with oxalic acid-ammonium oxalate solution (Tamm reagents) in the fifties in last century Available Molybdenum Content In Soils 0.14mg/kg (the pH of extraction<And 0.05mg/kg (pH 6.3)>6.3).For many years by Grigg Practice, the critical value that soil is lacked molybdenum by he are modified to 0.15-0.20mg/kg.Grigg thinks that Available Molybdenum Content In Soils are more than Plant is not required to apply molydbenum fertilizer when 0.20mg/kg, reactionless to molydbenum fertilizer.For most of soils, effective molybdenum content is more than Plant is reactionless to molydbenum fertilizer when 0.15mg/kg.He proposed above-mentioned critical value for legume at that time, to other Plant then needs further to verify.
Since molybdenum can have substantial connection to property and pH value in soil, also have tend to together consider together with pH value or Correction, such as evaluates the supply situation of molybdenum with molybdenum value:
Molybdenum value=effective the molybdenums of pH+10*mg/kg
Bergmann etc. thinks that the scarce molybdenum critical value that pulse family clover belongs to is 7.2, when molybdenum value reaches 8.2, will not lack Molybdenum phenomenon, and for general plant, when molybdenum value is below 6.2, it is effective to apply molydbenum fertilizer.
But the studies above or document all only considered molybdenum must as plant as the group ingredient and molybdenum of legume nitrogen-fixing bacteria Need the general utility functions of element, and do not consider molybdenum as nitrate reductase key factor because plant to nitrate uptake not There is the case where different demands to molybdenum together.
Therefore it is to have very big error if above-mentioned critical indicator is applied in all plants in actual application 's.It is necessary to be applied the nitrate nitrogen amount of the nitrate nitrogen content of soil and plant absorption as the greengrocery of plant, particularly happiness nitre Put the weight reference index of molydbenum fertilizer.
As patent CN104725151 discloses a kind of charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer reducing nitrate salts content of vegetable, such biology Although charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer can also effectively reduce vegetables nitrate content and increase yield, for soil nitrate nitrogen content and The nitrate nitrogen amount of plant absorption is a lack of the research of ozone deplation, thus nitrate content for vegetables and yield have into The improved space of one step.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south, can effectively improve The yield for the happiness nitre leafy vegetable planted on southern acid soil.
The present invention is technical solution used by solving its technical problem:
A kind of method that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of soil;PH is selected to be less than 6.0, effective molybdenum content is in 0.020-0.28mg/kg, and molybdenum value is in 5.0- 8.0, soil of the nitrate nitrogen content in 1.0-20mg/kg;
(2) it plants:Grown on soil after selection likes nitre leafy vegetable;
(3) it applies fertilizer:It applies fertilizer to vegetables, wherein the amount for discharging nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.2-0.6g/kg soil;Discharge molydbenum fertilizer amount be 0.25-0.35mg/kg soil, the amount for discharging charcoal is the soil dry weight of 3-6%;
The weight ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 1 in the nitrogenous fertilizer:0.43-2.33.
Preferably, the soil is molybdenum value in 5.5-7.5, soil of the content of soil nitrate-N more than 3.0mg/kg, into one Step is preferably molybdenum value in 6.5-7.5, soil of the content of soil nitrate-N more than 5.0mg/kg.
Preferably, the charcoal is the charcoal that agricultural wastes gramineous crop stalk etc. is made, including but It is not limited to bagasse charcoal, rice straw charcoal, peanut shell charcoal and husk charcoal.
Preferably, the molydbenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, calcium molybdate or molybdenum trioxide.
Preferably, the type of the soil is southern red earth, red soil and laterite.
Preferably, the leafy vegetable include but not limited to the Leaf-feeding insects on the market such as Cruciferae, composite family, Chenopodiaceae with Happiness nitre class vegetables based on leaf, such as cabbage heart, spinach, pakchoi.
In the present invention, the test method of soil pH value is " measurement of NY/T 1377-2007 soil pHs ";Charcoal pH is adopted It is measured with 5: 1 extractions of soil ratio-pH meter;Available Mo In Soil uses oxalic acid-ammonium oxalate extraction-inductively coupled plasma Mass spectrography (agilent 7700X) measures;Soil nitrate-N is surveyed using 0.01mol/L calcium chloride extraction-flow injection analyzer It is fixed;The test method of Nitrate in Vegetable is " ultraviolet spectrophotometry (GB 5009.33-2016) ".
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) applying charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer using the edaphic condition of the present invention not only can greatly improve the crops such as vegetables Yield, while nitrate content in happiness nitre class leaf vegetables body can be substantially reduced, this is to improving farmers' income and ensureing that people's health is equal It is significant.
(2) charcoal used in the present invention is all from Guangdong Province's Main Agricultural waste, and raw material is easy to get and to protection ring There is good effect in border.
Specific implementation mode
Specific embodiment is provided below, and the invention will be further described, so that those skilled in the art can preferably manage The solution present invention can be simultaneously practiced, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment one
Xuwen laterite is selected, measures soil pH=4.13, Available Molybdenum Content In Soils 0.162mg/kg, molybdenum value=5.75, Content of soil nitrate-N=5.37mg/kg;
Planting vegetable kind is cabbage heart, and the amount for discharging fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.45g/kg native, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer It is 1:0.43;The amount for discharging molydbenum fertilizer is 0.3mg ammonium molybdates/kg soil, discharges the soil dry that the amount of rice straw charcoal is 6% Weight.
Plant adjoining tree, other than not discharging charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer of the present invention, soil and plant species and Remaining plantation and curing condition are identical as embodiment.
The nitrate content for measuring crop is 2865mg/kg, and the 9613mg/kg than control reduces 70.2%, applies charcoal Base molydbenum fertilizer yield is 18.66g/ plants, the 5.96g/ strains volume increase 213.1% of relatively control.
Embodiment two
Qujiang River red soil is selected, soil pH=4.72, Available Molybdenum Content In Soils 0.172mg/kg, molybdenum value=6.44, soil are measured Earth nitrate nitrogen content=18.19mg/kg;
Planting vegetable kind is cabbage heart, and the amount for discharging fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.4g/kg native, and nitrate nitrogen is with ammonium nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer 1:0.43;The amount for discharging molydbenum fertilizer is 0.30mg ammonium molybdates/kg soil, discharges the soil dry weight that the amount of rice straw charcoal is 6%.
Plant adjoining tree, other than not discharging charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer of the present invention, soil, plant species and Remaining plantation and curing condition are identical as embodiment.
The nitrate content for measuring crop is 3108mg/kg, and the 7563mg/kg of relatively control reduces 58.9%., apply biology Charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer yield is 12.45g/ plants, the 6.15g/ strains volume increase 102% of relatively control.
Embodiment three
Riverhead red earth is selected, measures soil pH=5.58, Available Molybdenum Content In Soils 0.029mg/kg, molybdenum value=5.87, Content of soil nitrate-N=2.53mg/kg;
Planting vegetable kind is cabbage heart, and the amount for discharging fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.45g/kg native, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer It is 1:0.43;The amount for discharging molydbenum fertilizer is 0.30mg ammonium molybdates/kg soil, discharges the soil dry that the amount of rice straw charcoal is 3% Weight.
Plant adjoining tree, other than not discharging charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer of the present invention, soil, plant species and Remaining plantation and curing condition are identical as embodiment.
The nitrate content for measuring crop is 3858mg/kg, and the 6624mg/kg of relatively control reduces 41.7%., apply biology Charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer yield is 13.68g/ plants, the 8.04g/ strains volume increase 70.1% of relatively control.
Example IV
Fugang red earth is selected, measures soil pH=4.90, Available Molybdenum Content In Soils 0.167mg/kg, molybdenum value=6.57, Content of soil nitrate-N=3.35mg/kg;
Planting vegetable kind is cabbage heart, and the amount for discharging fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.4g/kg native, and nitrate nitrogen is with ammonium nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer 1:2.33;The amount for discharging molydbenum fertilizer is 0.30mg ammonium molybdates/kg soil, discharges the soil dry weight that the amount of rice straw charcoal is 3%.
Plant adjoining tree, other than not discharging charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer of the present invention, soil, plant species and Remaining plantation and curing condition are identical as embodiment.
The nitrate content for measuring crop is 2267mg/kg, and the 5791mg/kg of relatively control reduces 60.9%;Apply biology Charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer yield is 14.44g/ plants, the 9.60g/ strains volume increase 50.4% of relatively control.
Embodiment five
Fugang red earth is selected, measures soil pH=4.90, Available Molybdenum Content In Soils 0.167mg/kg, molybdenum value=6.57, Content of soil nitrate-N is 3.35mg/kg;
Planting vegetable kind is pakchoi, and the amount for discharging fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.6g/kg native, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer It is 1:0.67;The amount for discharging molydbenum fertilizer is 0.25mg sodium molybdates/kg soil, and the amount for discharging bagasse charcoal is 3% soil dry weight.
Plant adjoining tree, other than not discharging charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer of the present invention, soil and plant species and Remaining plantation and curing condition are identical as embodiment.
The nitrate content for measuring crop is 4470mg/kg, and the 7052mg/kg of relatively control reduces 36.6%;Apply biology Charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer yield is 13.47g/ plants, the 8.22g/ strains volume increase 63.9% of relatively control.
Embodiment six
Riverhead red earth is selected, measures soil pH=5.58, Available Molybdenum Content In Soils 0.029mg/kg, molybdenum value=5.87, Content of soil nitrate-N is 2.53mg/kg;
Planting vegetable kind is spinach, and the amount for discharging fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.3g/kg native, and nitrate nitrogen is with ammonium nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer 1:1;The amount for discharging molydbenum fertilizer is 0.35mg molybdenum trioxides/kg soil, discharges the soil dry weight that the amount of peanut shell charcoal is 5%.
Plant adjoining tree, other than not discharging charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer of the present invention, soil and plant species and Remaining plantation and curing condition are identical as embodiment.
The nitrate content for measuring crop is 2931mg/kg, and the 4096mg/kg of relatively control reduces 28.5%;Apply biology Charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer yield is 9.83g/ plants, the 7.21g/ strains volume increase 36.3% of relatively control.
Embodiment seven
Xuwen laterite is selected, measures soil pH=4.13, Available Molybdenum Content In Soils 0.162mg/kg, molybdenum value=5.75, Content of soil nitrate-N=5.37mg/kg;
Planting vegetable kind is pakchoi, and the amount for discharging fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.2g/kg native, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer It is 1:1;The amount for discharging molydbenum fertilizer is 0.25mg calcium molybdates/kg soil, discharges the soil dry weight that the amount of husk charcoal is 6%;Nitre in nitrogenous fertilizer State nitrogen is 1 with ammonium nitrogen:1.
Plant adjoining tree, other than not discharging charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer of the present invention, soil and plant species and Remaining plantation and curing condition are identical as embodiment.
The nitrate content for measuring crop is 2389mg/kg, and the 3241mg/kg of relatively control reduces 26.3%;Apply biology Charcoal base molydbenum fertilizer yield is 17.92g/ plants, the 12.30g/ strains volume increase 45.7% of relatively control.
The above embodiment of the present invention is not limiting the scope of the present invention, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited to This, all this kind the above according to the present invention is not departing from this according to the ordinary technical knowledge and customary means of this field Under the premise of inventing above-mentioned basic fundamental thought, modification, replacement or change to other diversified forms that above structure of the present invention is made More, it should all fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method for improving leafy vegetable yield in acid soil in the south, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1) selection of soil;PH is selected to be less than 6.0, effective molybdenum content 0.020-0.28mg/kg, molybdenum value is in 5.0-8.0, nitre state The soil of nitrogen content 1.0-20mg/kg;
(2) it plants:Grown on soil after selection likes nitre leafy vegetable;
(3) it applies fertilizer:It applies fertilizer to vegetables, wherein the amount for discharging nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.2-0.6g/kg soil;Discharge molydbenum fertilizer amount be 0.25-0.35mg/kg soil, the amount for discharging charcoal is the soil dry weight of 3-6%;
The weight ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 1 in the nitrogenous fertilizer:0.43-2.33.
2. the method for improving leafy vegetable yield in a kind of acid soil in the south according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The soil is molybdenum value in 5.5-7.5, soil of the content of soil nitrate-N more than 3.0mg/kg.
3. the method for improving leafy vegetable yield in a kind of acid soil in the south according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: The soil is molybdenum value in 6.5-7.5, soil of the content of soil nitrate-N more than 5.0mg/kg.
4. according to the method for improving leafy vegetable yield in a kind of acid soil in the south of claim 1-3 any one of them, It is characterized in that:The charcoal is that agricultural wastes gramineous crop stalk etc. is fired.
5. according to the method for improving leafy vegetable yield in a kind of acid soil in the south of claim 1-3 any one of them, It is characterized in that:The molydbenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, calcium molybdate or molybdenum trioxide.
6. according to the method for improving leafy vegetable yield in a kind of acid soil in the south of claim 1-3 any one of them, It is characterized in that:The type of the soil is red earth, red soil or laterite.
CN201810113731.5A 2017-12-19 2018-02-05 A kind of method that leafy vegetable yield is improved in acid soil in the south Pending CN108450258A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113994805A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-02-01 广东省农业科学院农业质量标准与监测技术研究所 Application method of biochar-based molybdenum fertilizer for improving vegetable quality

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CN104725151A (en) * 2015-01-14 2015-06-24 广东省农业科学院农产品公共监测中心 Charcoal-based molybdenum fertilizer capable of reducing nitrate content of vegetables
CN105272779A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-01-27 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 Long-acting and quick-acting combined special compound fertilizer for fruits and vegetables in South China
CN105294252A (en) * 2015-10-28 2016-02-03 山东省花生研究所 Special nitrogen fertilizer formula improving peanut root growth and increasing peanut yield

Patent Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR0307139A (en) * 2003-12-18 2005-09-06 Inst Pesquisas Tech Process consisting of micronutrients, protector and growth aid for plants and their production process.
CN101066026A (en) * 2007-06-13 2007-11-07 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 Pakchoi fertilizing method capable of reducing nitrate content
CN101575249A (en) * 2009-06-15 2009-11-11 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 Fertilizer for vegetable permanent planting
CN103880507A (en) * 2014-03-18 2014-06-25 宁波致富宝生物科技有限公司 Fertilizer for vegetable crops
CN104541719A (en) * 2014-12-12 2015-04-29 浙江工商大学 Nitrogen fertilizer management method suitable for planting vegetable crops with different buffer actions in cadmium-polluted farmland
CN104725151A (en) * 2015-01-14 2015-06-24 广东省农业科学院农产品公共监测中心 Charcoal-based molybdenum fertilizer capable of reducing nitrate content of vegetables
CN105294252A (en) * 2015-10-28 2016-02-03 山东省花生研究所 Special nitrogen fertilizer formula improving peanut root growth and increasing peanut yield
CN105272779A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-01-27 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 Long-acting and quick-acting combined special compound fertilizer for fruits and vegetables in South China

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113994805A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-02-01 广东省农业科学院农业质量标准与监测技术研究所 Application method of biochar-based molybdenum fertilizer for improving vegetable quality

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