CN105254369A - Special compound fertilizer for tea trees and application of special compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Special compound fertilizer for tea trees and application of special compound fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105254369A CN105254369A CN201510667634.7A CN201510667634A CN105254369A CN 105254369 A CN105254369 A CN 105254369A CN 201510667634 A CN201510667634 A CN 201510667634A CN 105254369 A CN105254369 A CN 105254369A
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Abstract
The invention relates to fertilizer for tea trees, in particular to special compound fertilizer for the tea trees and an application of the special compound fertilizer. The compound fertilizer mainly comprises components in parentage by mass as follows: 20%-30% of nitrogen, 8%-15% of phosphorus pentoxide, 5%-15% of potassium oxide, 2%-6% of magnesium, 1%-3% of zinc and the like. The special compound fertilizer for the tea trees is applied to a young tea garden and serves as base fertilizer and additional fertilizer to be applied to a leaf picking tea garden. Ammonium sulfate, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate are taken as the main raw materials and added with a small quantity of medium-trace elements such as magnesium, zinc and the like, and the total effective components are larger than or equal to 45%; the special compound fertilizer is soil testing and formula fertilizer developed on the research foundation of abundance and deficiency indexes of nutrients of soil in the tea garden for many years as well as fertilizer absorption characteristics of the tea trees, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is optimized, the trace elements which are scarce in the soil in the tea garden are added, chlorine-sensitive elements of the tea trees are avoided, balanced fertilization is realized, the fertilizer utilization rate is increased greatly, the application quantity of chemical fertilizer is reduced, the fertilizer takes effect rapidly lastingly, and little loss and fixation are caused; with application of the compound fertilizer, the yield and quality of tea leaves can be improved remarkably, the stress resistance capacity of the tea trees is enhanced, and fertilizer reduction and effect improvement are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fertilizer of tea tree, is a kind of tea tree composite fertilizer special and application specifically.
Background technology
Fertilising is the important content of tree plant cultivation.For tea place general nitrogen fertilizer application partially for a long time, out of proportion and other micronutrient element of Nitrogen In Soils, phosphorus, potassium is caused to lack, soil physico-chemical property worsens, nitrogenous fertilizer effect of increasing production obviously declines, tea tree aging is accelerated, degradation problem under tea leaf quality, I cultivate more than 30 years of research department over nutrition regulation research is carried out to tea tree and tea garden soil, screen and optimize Application Ratio, determine tea tree specific complex fertilizer formula, successively promote in tea district with Yueyang fertilizer plant, phosphate fertilizer plant of Liuyang Yonghe County combination producing tea tree composite fertilizer special.Economize external Anhui, Hubei, Guangdong etc., economize inherent Loudi, Shaoyang, Changde, Hengyang, Chenzhou, Yiyang, Yueyang, Changsha etc., accumulative popularization 529.7 ten thousand mu, accounts for 33% of national total area 1564.5 ten thousand mu, achieves good economic benefit and social benefit.Along with the precipitation of the technology of applying fertilizers scientifically with we are to the long term monitoring of tea garden soil nutrient, think the general nitrogen fertilizer application partially in tea place, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are out of proportion, and the medium trace element nutritive deficiencies etc. such as soil magnesium, zinc, become the key factor of restriction tea yield quality.According to we to 48 the sampling point tea garden soils in 9 counties containing zinc level analysis, result shows, the effective zinc of tea garden soil is poor, the sampling point of 0 ~ 15 ㎝ soil layer Zn content <1.5mg/kg accounts for 79%, the sampling point of 15 ~ 30 ㎝ and 30 ~ 45 ㎝ soil layer <1.5mg/kg accounts for 73% and 75%, is substantially in low-level scope.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium optimum proportioning, containing appropriate magnesium, zinc microelement and not chloride element, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, runs off few, the tea tree composite fertilizer special of synergy that actual production can be lost weight.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above employing is: a kind of tea tree composite fertilizer special, it mainly contains the component of following massfraction: 20%-30% nitrogen, 8%-15% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 5%-15% potassium oxide, 2%-6% magnesium, 1%-3% zinc, surplus is stopping composition.
As preferably, nitrogen comes bin cure ammonium and urea, and Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is from fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and calcium superphosphate, and magnesium is from magnesium sulfate, and zinc is from zinc sulfate.
As preferably, described stopping composition is make one or more the mixture in the straw of powder, wheat bran, bean dregs.
As preferably, wherein the quality summation of nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium, zinc is more than or equal to 45%.
As preferably, wherein containing 24% nitrogen, 11% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 10% potassium oxide, 4% magnesium and 2% zinc.
Above-mentioned tea tree composite fertilizer special is applied to young tea plantations by the present invention, concrete consumption as: this composite fertilizer 10-15 kgs/acre is executed in the tea place of 1-2 years age of trees, this composite fertilizer 20-30 kgs/acre is executed in the tea place of 3-4 years age of trees, and this composite fertilizer 35-40 kgs/acre is executed in the tea place of 5 years age of trees.
Above-mentioned tea tree composite fertilizer special is applied to picking leaves tea place as base manure with topdressing by the present invention; Concrete consumption is as the tea place of dry tea output 50-100 kgs/acre, spraying fertilizer 25-50 kgs/acre, 15-20 kgs/acre, base manure; The tea place of dry tea output 100-150 kgs/acre, spraying fertilizer 50-70 kgs/acre, 20-25 kgs/acre, base manure; The tea place of dry tea output 150-200 kgs/acre, spraying fertilizer 70-90 kgs/acre, 30-40 kgs/acre, base manure.
From above, the present invention for main raw material, and adds the medium trace element such as a small amount of magnesium, zinc with sulphur ammonium, urea, general calcium, potassium sulfate, and total effective constituent is more than or equal to 45%, makes fertilizer efficiency fast and lasting, runs off fixing few; Use this composite fertilizer and can significantly improve tea yield, quality and enhancing tea tree anti-adversity ability; Wherein general calcium main component is monocalcium phosphate Ca(H
2pO
4)
2with gypsum CaSO
42H
2o, also known as
peroxophosphoric acidlime; With
sulfuric aciddecompose phosphatic rock Ca
5(PO
4)
3being called that F is obtained is common
calcium superphosphate, be called for short general calcium.
The present invention also has the following advantages:
1, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium optimum proportioning is formulated according to tea garden soil nutrient Plentiful-lack index and tea tree N and P uptake character.
2, composite fertilizer material selects high-purity sulfuric acid potassium, and product does not avoid chlorine element containing tea tree, effectively improves tea leaf quality.
3, add the essential trace element such as magnesium, zinc, volume increase and improvement quality double effects can be reached.
4, available nutrient content is high, nutrient availability is high, produce upper can reducing application amount, cost-saving synergistic of losing weight.
Embodiment
Tea tree composite fertilizer special of the present invention, the main component containing following massfraction: 20%-30% nitrogen, 8%-15% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 5%-15% potassium oxide, 2%-6% magnesium, 1%-3% zinc, surplus is stopping composition, stopping composition is make the one in the straw of powder, wheat bran, bean dregs, and two or more mixture also can be selected as stopping composition; Wherein nitrogen comes bin cure ammonium and urea, and Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is from fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and calcium superphosphate, and magnesium is from magnesium sulfate, and zinc is from zinc sulfate.Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate containing magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, is a kind of containing phosphate radical (PO also known as melting
4 3-) sillico aluminate glass body, without clear and definite molecular formula and molecular weight; Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate not only provides the low phosphorus of 12% ~ 18%, can also provide a large amount of silicon, calcium, magnesium.Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate accounts for the current phosphate fertilizer ultimate production about 17% of China, is only second to calcium superphosphate, and it is Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) and the ore containing magnesium, silicon, through high-temperature fusion, shrend, drying with levigately to form in blast furnace or electric furnace.Magnesium is the important nutritive element that growth of tea plant is grown, and has material impact to growth of tea plant, tea yield and quality.Magnesium and Amino Acids in Tea relation with contents close, appropriate magnesium is executed in the tea place of magnesium deficiency, obviously can promote growth of tea plant, and Amino Acids in Tea content can be significantly improved, in addition, have certain dependency between tealeaves grade and tealeaves Mg content, namely tealeaves rank is higher, tea leaf quality is better, and the magnesium content in tealeaves is also more.Therefore, magnesium is executed for raising Amino Acids in Tea content in tea place, improves green tea quality important in inhibiting, especially on the basis of potash fertilizer, enriches fertiliser containing magnesium, more has good result to raising tea aroma composition.Reduce as tea tree magnesium deficiency shows as poor growth, production declining and quality, when further developing, occur minus green symptom, fall leaves after autumn, the new tea of serious magnesium deficiency slightly tender leaf starts yellow, and growth stops, and gradually loses throughput.Because magnesium is the chlorophyllous important composition composition of tea tree, so it and tea yield are in close relations.In production tea place, the basis of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer enriches fertiliser containing magnesium, generally can increase production 10 ~ 30%.
Because zinc is mainly distributed in the tender tissue of tea tree, and play important physiological action.Zinc fertilizer is also fairly obvious on the impact of tea leaf quality, and after zinc fertilizer executed by tealeaves, Amino Acids in Tea content significantly improves, and phenol ammonia ratio has decline to a certain degree simultaneously.Tea tree lacks zinc and shows as poor growth, decreased production, and quality declines, and development rear blade diminishes, thinning, occurs " mosaic disease ", " hoja blanca ".Zinc fertilizer is executed to tea tree, the chlorophyllous synthesis of tea tree can be promoted; And zinc is the moiety of many enzymes in tea tree body; Meanwhile, zinc also participates in the photosynthesis of tea tree, and the synthesis of protein and conversion etc., play very important physiological action in growth of tea plant growth course.
In the present invention, the quality summation of nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium, zinc is more than or equal to 45%, and wherein best proportioning is for containing 24% nitrogen, 11% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 10% potassium oxide, 4% magnesium and 2% zinc, not chloride.Because tea tree is very responsive to excessive chlorine, tea tree belongs to fear-chlorion crop, executes chloride fertilizer aborning, easily causes tea tree chlorine evil.Using separately Repone K can make soil acidification for a long time, also can cause the loss of potassium.When tea tree is by chlorine evil, blade tip, leaf margin occur dried-up, roll up, and turn black, fall leaves in a large number after bud-leaf withers, and serious victim's blade all falls light, and root system rots decortication.Too much use chloride fertilizer and also will affect enzymic activity, suppress the absorption of P, Mn, affect the normal physiological function of tea tree.
Composite fertilizer of the present invention can be used for tea place and topdresses and base manure, children age, becomes age tea place consumption respectively according to the age of tree, tea yield and determining.Topdress general by the end of February, ditch at twice and use mid-May, usage ratio respectively accounts for 50%; Base manure at the beginning of by the end of September to 10 month or autumn tea stop adopting post-trenching and use.
Above-mentioned tea tree composite fertilizer special is applied to young tea plantations by the present invention, concrete consumption as: this composite fertilizer 10-15 kgs/acre is executed in the tea place of 1-2 years age of trees, this composite fertilizer 20-30 kgs/acre is executed in the tea place of 3-4 years age of trees, and this composite fertilizer 35-40 kgs/acre is executed in the tea place of 5 years age of trees.
Above-mentioned tea tree composite fertilizer special is applied to picking leaves tea place as base manure with topdressing by the present invention; Concrete consumption is as the tea place of dry tea output 50-100 kgs/acre, spraying fertilizer 25-50 kgs/acre, 15-20 kgs/acre, base manure; The tea place of dry tea output 100-150 kgs/acre, spraying fertilizer 50-70 kgs/acre, 20-25 kgs/acre, base manure; The tea place of dry tea output 150-200 kgs/acre, spraying fertilizer 70-90 kgs/acre, 30-40 kgs/acre, base manure.
In tea place, use the composite fertilizer of the application, can tea yield be improved.As the amount of increase in production of this tea tree composite fertilizer special is used 23% ~ 27% in the tea plantation such as Changsha, Chenzhou, every mu of dry tea 12 ~ 15 ㎏ of volume increase.Loudi region, Shaoyang tea yield increase by 26% ~ 27.5%, every mu of volume increase 24 ~ 27kg.Tea plantation, province Mi river volume increase 16.7%, nine li of tea plantation volume increase 16.4%.For long-term single nitrogen fertilizer application, do not have the tea place of application of organic fertilizers, effect of increasing production is then more obvious.As carbon ammonium was singly executed originally for a long time in Huarong three envelope tea plantation, after changing and executing this tea tree composite fertilizer special, stimulation ratio reaches more than 103%.
In tea place, use the composite fertilizer of the application, can tea leaf quality be promoted.Tealeaves is sprouted neat, and normal tealeaves ratio increases, and bud head is sturdy, and the food value of leaf is soft, and it is strong to hold tender property.With singly execute urea and compare, in tealeaves, water extraction content improves 3.6 ~ 4.2%, and tea-polyphenol improves 2.3 ~ 3.5%, and tea leaf quality improves a grade.
The composite fertilizer of the application is used in tea place, can balanced soil nutrition.Execute equivalence, etc. the tea tree composite fertilizer special of the application of nutrient compare with urea, can improve soil phosphorus, potassium content preferably, wherein rapid available phosphorus can improve 119.4%, 88.9% respectively, and available potassium can improve 21.1%, 15.2% respectively.The raising of phosphorus, potassium nutrition enhances soil nutrient balance, suppresses nutrient loss.
The impact that embodiment 1 tea tree composite fertilizer special is given birth to young plant
Contrast (urea) is established in test, with the prices such as urea, etc. the composite fertilizer special 3 of the application of nutrient 12N process, wherein the composite fertilizer special of the application contains the mixture of the straw of 20wt% nitrogen, 13wt% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 5wt% potassium oxide, 6wt% magnesium, 1wt% zinc and 55wt%, wheat bran and bean dregs.Result of study shows: etc. the 12N of price be all better than significantly singly executing Urea treatment in pole with waiting thick net added value of this tea tree composite fertilizer special process Stem of Tea of 12N of nutrient, the result of multiple comparisons is respectively 0.3748**>1%LSD, 0.2613**>1%LSD; Secondly, tea tree composite fertilizer special can promote the increase of tea tree branch amount, and it is more remarkable to increase effect to second branch, and the price 12N composite fertilizer specials such as second branch number comparatively Urea treatment increase by 65.8%.Compare with urea, this tea tree composite fertilizer special more can promote growth of tea plant, is all significantly higher than Urea treatment, respectively high 11.2cm, 10.3cm etc. 12N and the tea tree composite fertilizer special process height of tree of the 12N waiting nutrient of price.
Embodiment 2 tea tree composite fertilizer special is on the impact becoming tea tree tea yield in age
Potted plant experiment, contrast (urea) is established in test, with prices such as urea, Deng the composite fertilizer special of the application of nutrient 12N, wherein the composite fertilizer special of the application contains 24wt% nitrogen, 11wt% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 10wt% potassium oxide, 4wt% magnesium, the wheat bran of 2wt% zinc and 49wt% and the mixture of bean dregs, through test in continuous 3 years, its process output is as shown in table 1 below: 3 annuals, etc. price, Deng the process of nutrient tea tree composite fertilizer special respectively than Urea treatment volume increase 68.4% and 58.9%, Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons, with contrast Urea treatment and compare, volume variance all reaches pole conspicuous level.
Table 1 respectively process pot experiment tea yield compares (g/ basin)
Through continuous 3 years field tests, compare with Urea treatment, of equal value, etc. the average stimulation ratio of this composite fertilizer special process of nutrient be respectively 16.9% and 15.7%, per hectare increases production 1528kg and 1419kg respectively, the composite fertilizer special of life-time service the application, its stimulation ratio can reach more than 20%, and effect reaches pole conspicuous level respectively.
Embodiment 3 tea tree composite fertilizer special is on the impact becoming tea tree tea leaf quality in age
If contrast (urea), with the price such as urea, etc. the tea tree composite fertilizer special of the application of nutrient 12N, wherein the composite fertilizer special of the application contains the bean dregs of 27wt% nitrogen, 15wt% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 8wt% potassium oxide, 2wt% magnesium, 1wt% zinc and 47wt%.The analysis of soil mechanical component result of fresh leaves of tea plant shows, normal new slightly obvious than the Urea treatment increase of the fresh leaf of this tea tree composite fertilizer special process, etc. price, etc. nutrient 12N composite fertilizer special increase by 15.1% and 9.6% than urea respectively.The measurement result of the main internal substance of test site tealeaves was shown in 2012 ~ 2014, through the process of this tea tree composite fertilizer special, water extraction content 3.6 ~ 4.2% in tealeaves, polyphenol content improves 2.3 ~ 3.5%, illustrates that using tea tree composite fertilizer special is conducive to improving tea leaf quality.
Embodiment 4 tea tree composite fertilizer special is on the impact of soil nutrient
Contrast (urea) is established in experiment, with prices such as urea, Deng the tea tree composite fertilizer special of the application of nutrient 12N, wherein the composite fertilizer special of the application contains 30wt% nitrogen, 8wt% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 15wt% potassium oxide, 2wt% magnesium, the wheat bran of 3wt% zinc and 42wt%, all show through pot experiment and field test results, under the condition that basic soil sample is consistent, through test in 3 years, tea tree composite fertilizer special with contrast urea and compare, total soil nitrogen can be improved preferably, full phosphorus, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, but alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen decreases, this with use phosphorus potash fertilizer and can promote that tea tree is relevant to absorbing of nitrogen.The results are shown in as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2 field test list is executed urea and is used the impact of tea tree composite fertilizer special on soil nutrient
From the above: the tea tree composite fertilizer special of present patent application, optimize nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium optimum proportioning, also containing the trace element required for a certain amount of tea tree, what avoid tea tree avoids chlorine element.Nutritive element comprehensive and reasonable, both can make base manure, can topdress again, existing quick-acting, again there is slow, have and promote tea garden soil nutritive equilibrium, promote that tea tree is to the absorption of nutrient, improve soil fertility level and tea tree to the utilization ratio of nutrient, increasing yield and improving quality, cost-saving synergistic.Specifically:
1) no matter pot experiment or field test, proves that this tea tree composite fertilizer special all can promote the growth of tea tree, slightly increases Stem of Tea, skeleton branch increases and the growth of height of tree tree width all has significantly or extremely significant effect.
2) to tealeaves effect of increasing production obviously, no matter pot experiment waits nutrient or equivalent processes, all can improve tea yield extremely significantly, and field test is of equal value and wait the special fertile process of nutrient tea to increase production 16.9% and 15.7% with urea than respectively, even can reach more than 20%.
3) use this tea tree composite fertilizer special and show good effect to raising tea leaf quality, be mainly manifested in the suitable property processed of tealeaves, hold the enhancing of tender property, be apparent that regularity sprouted by tealeaves especially good, normal bud-leaf ratio increases considerably, and reduces folder leaf.And to raising tealeaves inclusion aspect, to raising water extraction and polyphenol content effect better.
4) use this tea tree composite fertilizer special, the nutritional status of soil can be improved, improve phosphorus, the potassium content of soil, the level of aggregation of adjustment Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, thus be more conducive to growth of tea plant.
Above the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is described in detail, apply specific case herein to set forth the principle of the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment, the explanation of above embodiment is only applicable to the principle helping to understand the embodiment of the present invention; Meanwhile, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiment of the present invention, embodiment and range of application all will change, and in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a tea tree composite fertilizer special, it mainly contains the component of following massfraction: 20%-30% nitrogen, 8%-15% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 5%-15% potassium oxide, 2%-6% magnesium, 1%-3% zinc, surplus is stopping composition.
2. tea tree composite fertilizer special as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: nitrogen comes bin cure ammonium and urea, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is from fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and calcium superphosphate, and magnesium is from magnesium sulfate, and zinc is from zinc sulfate.
3. tea tree composite fertilizer special as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described stopping composition is make one or more the mixture in the straw of powder, wheat bran, bean dregs.
4. tea tree composite fertilizer special as claimed in claim 3, wherein the quality summation of nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium, zinc is more than or equal to 45%.
5. as tea tree composite fertilizer special as described in any one in Claims 1-4, wherein containing 24% nitrogen, 11% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 10% potassium oxide, 4% magnesium and 2% zinc.
6. the tea tree composite fertilizer special of any one in claim 1 to 5 is applied to young tea plantations, it is characterized in that: this composite fertilizer 10-15 kgs/acre is executed in the tea place of 1-2 years age of trees, this composite fertilizer 20-30 kgs/acre is executed in the tea place of 3-4 years age of trees, and this composite fertilizer 35-40 kgs/acre is executed in the tea place of 5 years age of trees.
7. the tea tree composite fertilizer special of any one in claim 1 to 5 is applied to picking leaves tea place as base manure with topdressing.
8. tea tree composite fertilizer special is applied to picking leaves tea place as base manure with topdressing as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the tea place of dry tea output 50-100 kgs/acre, spraying fertilizer 25-50 kgs/acre, 15-20 kgs/acre, base manure; The tea place of dry tea output 100-150 kgs/acre, spraying fertilizer 50-70 kgs/acre, 20-25 kgs/acre, base manure; The tea place of dry tea output 150-200 kgs/acre, spraying fertilizer 70-90 kgs/acre, 30-40 kgs/acre, base manure.
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| CN106748297A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆市农业科学院 | The tea garden fertilizing method that a kind of poultry fertilizer is arranged in pairs or groups with tealeaves formula fertilizer |
| CN108530145A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-09-14 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of fertilizing method improving tea yield and quality |
| CN108849208A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-23 | 孝昌县凤凰茶叶有限责任公司 | Tea planting applying fertilizer method |
| CN110105964A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-09 | 南昌航空大学 | It is a kind of using phosphate fertilizer as the alkaline modifying agent and its application method of matrix |
| CN114956906A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2022-08-30 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Tea garden base fertilizer, application method and tea garden fertilization method by matching organic fertilizer with compound fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20160120 |