CN114956906A - Tea garden base fertilizer, application method and tea garden fertilization method by matching organic fertilizer with compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Tea garden base fertilizer, application method and tea garden fertilization method by matching organic fertilizer with compound fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract 17
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 74
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims description 74
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 13
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 35
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 53
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006180 nutrition needs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tea garden base fertilizer, an application method and a tea garden fertilization method by matching organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the tea garden base fertilizer comprises the organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer, and the fertilization method comprises the following steps: 1) applying a base fertilizer in the middle of 10 months and 11 months of each year, wherein the base fertilizer consists of an organic fertilizer and a carbon-based compound fertilizer; 2) applying additional fertilizer in late 1 month each year. According to the tea garden fertilizing method with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, the applied organic fertilizer can increase and update soil organic matters, promote microbial propagation, improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil, and enable the soil to continuously keep the activity; meanwhile, the carbon-based compound fertilizer can make up the deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer, and the fertilizing method ensures that the soil has sufficient fertility and strong activity and can improve the tea yield by more than 10 percent; in addition, the fertilizing method can improve the contents of selenium, zinc and tea polyphenol in the tea leaves, and the tea leaves are higher in quality.
Description
The application is a divisional application with application date of 2017, 14.02 and 2017, application number of 201710079302.6 and invention name of 'a tea garden fertilizing method for matching organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer'.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree planting, in particular to a tea garden base fertilizer, an application method and a tea garden application method by matching an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer.
Background
Fertilization is one of important technical contents for supplementing nutrients in a tea garden, and soil is rich in various nutrient elements which are mutually assisted and supplemented to ensure the growth condition of tea trees and the yield of tea leaves. Tea trees are used as perennial leaf plants, young shoots and leaves of the tea trees are picked high-quality tea raw materials, and soil needs to have adaptive nutritional ingredients in order to ensure the yield of the tea trees and the quality of the tea, so that the nutrition needs to be continuously supplemented by applying fertilizers.
The current standard tea garden fertilization method is to apply fertilizers containing N, P, K and other nutrient elements in a furrow according to the soil fertility status and the tea tree fertilizer requirement rule, and specifically adopts a fertilization mode of applying additional fertilizers for 3 times and adding base fertilizers for 1 time. Wherein, the top dressing mainly comprises a quick-acting fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer), which is divided into spring, summer and autumn dressing, and is applied to tea rows along 8-10cm of grooves below the dropping water of the crown in 2, 5 and 7 months every year, so as to continuously supplement the nutrients required by the growth of the young shoots of the tea trees. The base fertilizer mainly comprises slow-release fertilizer (organic fertilizer), mainly improves soil and fertility and creates good soil fertility conditions for the whole-year growth of tea trees, and the base fertilizer is applied to tea rows along the lower part of 20-25cm ditches of tree crowns in 10-11 months per year.
The nutrient supply mode can basically ensure the requirement of continuous high-yield and stable-yield tea trees for nutrients in the tea garden all the year round. However, the fertilizing mode has more times of topdressing application, and the use of a large amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer not only causes the obvious reduction of the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer, but also causes serious environmental pollution and reduces the soil activity and fertility.
Therefore, there is a need for a tea garden base fertilizer and a tea tree fertilizing method that can reduce the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing frequency to improve the soil so that the soil can continuously maintain the vitality and the fertility.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a tea garden base fertilizer and a tea garden fertilizing method by matching an organic fertilizer with a compound fertilizer, so as to reduce the fertilizing times and the fertilizing amount of tea trees on the basis of maintaining the tea yield, improve the soil, enhance the soil fertility, and keep the soil active continuously.
The invention provides a tea garden base fertilizer, which comprises an organic fertilizer and a carbon-based compound fertilizer;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of bean straw decomposed matter, 80 parts of corn straw decomposed matter, 80 parts of wheat straw decomposed matter, 50 parts of rice straw decomposed matter, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of bacillus, 5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 8 parts of selenium fertilizer, 8 parts of zinc fertilizer and 5 parts of rare earth fertilizer;
the applied carbon-based compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the nitrogen content is 7%, the phosphorus content is 6%, and the potassium content is 6%.
The invention also provides application of the tea garden base fertilizer in the technical scheme in improvement of tea yield.
The invention also provides application of the tea garden base fertilizer in the technical scheme in improving the quality of tea.
The invention also provides an application method of the tea garden base fertilizer in the technical scheme, wherein the application amounts of the organic fertilizer and the carbon-based compound fertilizer are determined according to the age of tea trees in a tea garden;
when the age of the tea trees is 1-2 years, the organic fertilizer application amount is as follows: 70 kg/mu, wherein the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 33 kg/mu; when the tree age of the tea trees is 3-4 years, the organic fertilizer application amount is as follows: 95 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 43 kg/mu; when the tree age of the tea trees is 5 years or more than 5 years, the organic fertilizer application amount is as follows: 125 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 110 kg/mu.
The invention also provides a tea garden fertilizing method by matching the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) applying base fertilizer in 10-11 middle of the month of each year, wherein the fertilizer application mode is as follows: for 1-2 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is arranged at a position 20cm away from the roots of the tea trees on the side edge of the tea trees, organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 70 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 33 kg/mu; for 3-4 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is opened at a position 25cm away from the roots of the tea trees on the side edge of the tea trees, organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 95 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 43 kg/mu; for tea trees grown for 5 years and over 5 years, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 20cm is opened at a position 30cm away from the tree root on the side edge of the tea trees, organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 125 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 110 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of bean straw decomposed product, 80 parts of corn straw decomposed product, 80 parts of wheat straw decomposed product, 50 parts of rice straw decomposed product, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of bacillus, 5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 8 parts of selenium fertilizer, 8 parts of zinc fertilizer and 5 parts of rare earth fertilizer; the nitrogen content, the phosphorus content and the potassium content in the applied carbon-based compound fertilizer are respectively 7%, 6% and 6%;
2) topdressing is applied in late 1 month of each year, and the fertilizing mode is as follows: for 1-2 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is arranged at a position 20cm away from the roots of the tea trees on the side edge of the tea trees, and urea is applied to the fertilizing ditch, wherein the fertilizing amount is as follows: 15 kg/mu; for 3-4 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is arranged at a position 25cm away from the root of the tea tree, urea is applied to the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount is as follows: 20 kg/mu; for tea trees grown for 5 years and over 5 years, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 20cm is opened at a position 30cm away from the root of the tea tree on the side edge of the tea tree, and urea is applied in the fertilizing ditch, wherein the fertilizing amount is as follows: 25 kg/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the tea garden fertilizing method with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer matched, the base fertilizer is applied in 10 to 11 middle ten days of the month, so that enough nutrients in soil can meet the requirement of tea trees for overwintering, and the sprouting and growth of tea branches in spring can be guaranteed; and the top dressing is carried out in late 1 month, and urea is adopted for top dressing, so that the growth of the tea can be promoted, and the yield of the tea can be improved.
2. The tea garden fertilizing method with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer matched adopts different fertilizing amounts aiming at tea trees with different ages, and can better ensure the healthy growth of the tea trees with the ages of each stage.
3. According to the tea garden fertilizing method with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer matched, the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is composed of a plurality of fertilizer components, the proportion of the components of the fertilizer is scientific, so that the organic fertilizer integrally contains a plurality of organic acids, peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the comprehensive nutrition can be provided for crops, the fertilizer efficiency is long, the organic matters of the soil can be increased and updated, the propagation of microorganisms is promoted, the physicochemical property and the biological activity of the soil are improved, and the activity of the soil is continuously maintained. Meanwhile, the carbon-based compound fertilizer applied in the base fertilizer contains 7% of nitrogen, 6% of phosphorus and 6% of potassium, and the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are all fully contained, so that the defects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer are overcome, and the requirements of tea on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be met. The fertilizer application method ensures that the soil has enough fertility and strong activity, and can improve the tea yield by more than 10 percent.
In addition, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria are added into the organic fertilizer, so that the organic fertilizer can promote the decomposition of organic substances in soil, improve the soil fertility, improve the pH value of the soil and enable the soil fertility to be stronger, and can purify and improve the water quality in the soil and soil, reduce harmful substances in tea leaves, improve the tea leaf quality, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the soil and reduce tea plant diseases.
The organic fertilizer applied by the invention contains selenium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and rare earth fertilizer, and the selenium fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer can improve the content of selenium and zinc in the tea leaves, thereby improving the nutritional ingredients of the tea leaves; the selenium fertilizer can improve the content of tea polyphenol in the tea and improve the yield of the tea; meanwhile, the rare earth fertilizer is added into the base fertilizer, and the rare earth fertilizer can promote the growth of the tea leaves, so that the yield of the tea leaves can be further improved.
Meanwhile, the fertilizing method can meet the growth requirement of tea trees only by applying additional fertilizer once in one year, so that the fertilizing times are greatly reduced, the soil is improved, the tea yield is ensured, and the fertilizing amount can be reduced by more than 25%.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The tea garden fertilizing method with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer matched comprises the following steps:
the tea garden fertilizing method by matching organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) applying a base fertilizer in 10-11 middle of the month every year, wherein the fertilizer application mode is as follows: for 1-2 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is arranged at a position 20cm away from the roots of the tea trees on the side edge of the tea trees, organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 70 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 33 kg/mu; for 3-4 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is opened at a position 25cm away from the roots of the tea trees on the side edge of the tea trees, organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 95 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 43 kg/mu; for tea trees grown for 5 years and over 5 years, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 20cm is opened at a position 30cm away from the tree root on the side edge of the tea trees, organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 125 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 110 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of bean straw decomposed product, 80 parts of corn straw decomposed product, 80 parts of wheat straw decomposed product, 50 parts of rice straw decomposed product, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of bacillus, 5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 8 parts of selenium fertilizer, 8 parts of zinc fertilizer and 5 parts of rare earth fertilizer; the nitrogen content, the phosphorus content and the potassium content in the applied carbon-based compound fertilizer are respectively 7%, 6% and 6%;
2) topdressing is applied in late 1 month of each year, and the fertilizing mode is as follows: for 1-2 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is arranged at a position 20cm away from the roots of the tea trees on the side edge of the tea trees, and urea is applied to the fertilizing ditch, wherein the fertilizing amount is as follows: 15 kg/mu; for 3-4 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is arranged at a position 25cm away from the root of the tea tree, urea is applied to the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount is as follows: 20 kg/mu; for tea trees grown for 5 years and over 5 years, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 20cm is opened at a position 30cm away from the root of the tea tree on the side edge of the tea tree, and urea is applied in the fertilizing ditch, wherein the fertilizing amount is as follows: 25 kg/mu.
According to the tea garden fertilizing method with the matched organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer in the applied base fertilizer is composed of multiple fertilizer components, the proportion of the components of the various fertilizers is scientific, so that the organic fertilizer integrally contains multiple organic acids, peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the comprehensive nutrition can be provided for crops, the fertilizer effect is long, the organic matters of the soil can be increased and updated, the propagation of microorganisms is promoted, the physicochemical property and the biological activity of the soil are improved, and the activity of the soil is continuously maintained. Meanwhile, the carbon-based compound fertilizer applied in the base fertilizer contains 7% of nitrogen, 6% of phosphorus and 6% of potassium, and the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are all fully contained, so that the defects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer are overcome, and the requirements of tea on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be met. The fertilizer application method ensures that the soil has enough fertility and strong activity, and can improve the tea yield by more than 10 percent.
The applied organic fertilizer also contains a large amount of strains for improving and purifying soil and water quality, so that the organic mass energy in the soil can be obviously increased, the activity of the soil can be kept for a long time, the diseases and insect pests of tea trees can be reduced, the tea trees can grow well, the harmful substances in the tea leaves are reduced, and the quality of the tea leaves is improved.
In addition, by adopting the tea tree fertilizing method, the fertilizing times are reduced from the original one-time base fertilizer and 3-time additional fertilizer to one-time base fertilizer and one-time additional fertilizer, the fertilizing amount is reduced by more than 25%, and the fertilizing method can improve the contents of selenium, zinc and tea polyphenol in tea leaves, so that the tea leaf quality is higher.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A tea garden base fertilizer is characterized by comprising an organic fertilizer and a carbon-based compound fertilizer;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of bean straw decomposed product, 80 parts of corn straw decomposed product, 80 parts of wheat straw decomposed product, 50 parts of rice straw decomposed product, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of bacillus, 5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 8 parts of selenium fertilizer, 8 parts of zinc fertilizer and 5 parts of rare earth fertilizer;
the applied carbon-based compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the nitrogen content is 7%, the phosphorus content is 6%, and the potassium content is 6%.
2. Use of the tea garden base fertilizer of claim 1 for increasing tea leaf yield.
3. Use of the tea garden base fertilizer of claim 1 for improving tea quality.
4. The method for applying a base fertilizer to a tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amounts of the organic fertilizer and the carbon-based compound fertilizer are determined according to the age of tea trees in the tea garden;
when the age of the tea trees is 1-2 years, the organic fertilizer application amount is as follows: 70 kg/mu, wherein the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 33 kg/mu; when the tree age of the tea trees is 3-4 years, the organic fertilizer application amount is as follows: 95 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 43 kg/mu; when the tree age of the tea trees is 5 years or more than 5 years, the organic fertilizer application amount is as follows: 125 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 110 kg/mu.
5. A tea garden fertilizing method with organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer matching is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) applying a base fertilizer in 10-11 middle of the month every year, wherein the fertilizer application mode is as follows: for 1-2 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is arranged at a position 20cm away from the roots of the tea trees on the side edge of the tea trees, organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 70 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 33 kg/mu; for 3-4 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is opened at a position 25cm away from the roots of the tea trees on the side edge of the tea trees, organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 95 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 43 kg/mu; for tea trees grown for 5 years and over 5 years, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 20cm is opened at a position 30cm away from the tree root on the side edge of the tea trees, organic fertilizer and carbon-based compound fertilizer are applied in the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 125 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the carbon-based compound fertilizer is as follows: 110 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of bean straw decomposed product, 80 parts of corn straw decomposed product, 80 parts of wheat straw decomposed product, 50 parts of rice straw decomposed product, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of bacillus, 5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 8 parts of selenium fertilizer, 8 parts of zinc fertilizer and 5 parts of rare earth fertilizer; the nitrogen content, the phosphorus content and the potassium content in the applied carbon-based compound fertilizer are respectively 7%, 6% and 6%;
2) topdressing is applied in late 1 month of each year, and the fertilizing mode is as follows: for 1-2 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is arranged at a position 20cm away from the roots of the tea trees on the side edge of the tea trees, and urea is applied to the fertilizing ditch, wherein the fertilizing amount is as follows: 15 kg/mu; for 3-4 years old tea trees, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm is arranged at a position 25cm away from the root of the tea tree, urea is applied to the fertilizing ditch, and the fertilizing amount is as follows: 20 kg/mu; for tea trees grown for 5 years and over 5 years, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 20cm is opened at a position 30cm away from the root of the tea tree on the side edge of the tea tree, and urea is applied in the fertilizing ditch, wherein the fertilizing amount is as follows: 25 kg/mu.
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