CN110122251B - Cotton cultivation method suitable for coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type - Google Patents
Cotton cultivation method suitable for coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type Download PDFInfo
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- CN110122251B CN110122251B CN201910588709.0A CN201910588709A CN110122251B CN 110122251 B CN110122251 B CN 110122251B CN 201910588709 A CN201910588709 A CN 201910588709A CN 110122251 B CN110122251 B CN 110122251B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and provides a cotton cultivation method suitable for coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate types, which comprises the following steps: sowing is carried out at 25-5 months and 5 days in 4 months, and the sowing density is 5500-6500 plants/mu; topping the roof from 7 months and 5 days to 7 months and 10 days. The method can ensure that no pre-harvest peach exists in the growth process of the cotton plant, obviously reduces rotten bolls, relatively concentrates boll opening, improves the fiber quality and is beneficial to mechanical one-time harvesting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a cotton cultivation method suitable for the climatic type of coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas.
Background
At present, the technical key points of the cotton high-yield cultivation technology widely applied to cotton fields in coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas mainly comprise:
when the temperature of the soil 5cm below the surface layer of the soil stably passes 14 ℃ or 20cm reaches 15.5 ℃, the sowing time is 4 months, 15 days to 25 days. The density of the conventional cotton variety is about 4500 plants/mu, and the density of the hybrid cotton is about 3500 plants/mu. Generally, 13-14 fruit branches are topped for 7 months, 15 days-20 days. The quick-acting chemical fertilizer is applied in large amount and many times, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, the flower bell fertilizer is applied again, and the top dressing fertilizer is applied, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for the whole growth period of cotton. After the cotton buds, chemical regulation and control are carried out according to the growth vigor. In the late 6 th day and the early, middle and late 7 th day, respectively, 0.5-1 g, 1-1.5 g and 2-3 g of mepiquat chloride are sprayed per mu. Timely pruning is carried out while scientific control is carried out. After the 1 st fruit branch grows out, timely removing leaf branches below the fruit branch, timely removing proud buds on the main stem, and removing the edge center of the middle-lower fruit branch.
The existing cultivation technology has the following defects:
the field cotton plants are tall and big, the leaf area index is high, the row spacing is closed, and the rotten bolls are more. The late autumn peaches have large proportion, the cotton boll opening time is difficult to concentrate, the mechanical one-time harvesting is not easy to realize, and the consistency of the cotton fiber quality is difficult to ensure. The biological characteristics of cotton are not in accordance with the fertilizer application rule, the consumption is large, and much waste is caused; the increase of the fertilization times is taken as a main way for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, so that more labor is used, and the cost is increased. The traditional chemical regulation only can play a role in regulating plant height and plant type, and has no obvious inhibition effect on proud buds in the later growth stage of cotton.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cotton cultivation method suitable for coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas in a climate type, and aims to solve at least one problem of cotton cultivation in cotton areas in yellow river drainage areas.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a method for cultivating cotton in the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area in a climatic mode comprises the following steps:
sowing is carried out at 25-5 months and 5 days in 4 months, and the sowing density is 5500-6500 plants/mu;
topping the roof from 7 months and 5 days to 7 months and 10 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type, which is obtained through the design, due to the fact that the sowing density is increased to be within a proper range, sowing is delayed for proper days, the cotton plants do not have pre-harvest peaches in the growing process, rotten bolls are obviously reduced, the large-group small-individual cotton field structure is established, the single plants are changed from high, large and thick into short, thin and soft, and the high fiber quality is also the mechanical harvesting requirement. On the basis, topping is carried out in advance, so that no frost flowers are left after topping, and boll opening is relatively concentrated, thereby not only improving the fiber quality, but also being beneficial to mechanical one-time harvesting.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the sowing pattern of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following embodiment of the invention provides a specific description of a cotton cultivation method suitable for coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type.
A method for cultivating cotton in the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area in a climatic mode comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing seeds at 25-5 days in 4-5 months, wherein the sowing density is 5500-6500 plants/mu.
Applying base fertilizer to the cotton field before planting, wherein the base fertilizer is an ecological organic fertilizer. 75-100 kg of ecological organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of cotton fields with low fertility, and 50-75 kg of ecological organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of cotton fields with medium fertility. The low fertility refers to 30-60 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 3-5 mg/kg of available phosphorus, 30-50 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 0.6-1.0% of organic matter in the plough layer soil; the medium fertility refers to 60-90 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 5-10 mg/kg of available phosphorus, 50-100 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 1.0-2.0% of organic matter in plough layer soil. The used ecological organic fertilizer is sold under the market name: the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (special for cotton) mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight: organic matter content is greater than or equal to 20%, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)2O5) Potassium (K)2O) is 8:5:7, the total amount is more than or equal to 20 percent, and the medium and trace elements are more than or equal to 8 percent.
Sowing is carried out in 25-5 days in 4 months, preferably 1-5 days in 5 months, and the sowing density is 5500-6500 plants/mu. The specific sowing mode is as follows: the small row spacing and the large row spacing are alternated, namely, the row spacing between any one row in the middle and the adjacent row on one side is the large row spacing, the row spacing between the other row and the adjacent row on the other side is the small row spacing, the large row spacing is 60-65 cm, the small row spacing is 10-15 cm, the hole spacing of each row is 38-42 cm, the adjacent two rows with the small row spacing are sowed in a staggered sowing mode, and referring to figure 1, wherein 'x' in figure 1 represents a plant sowing position.
It is known that the general practice to increase the yield of crops is to increase the planting density, but too much sowing density has an effect on the growth of crops. The cotton cultivation method reasonably delays the sowing time under the condition of properly improving the planting density, the cotton plants are sowed late in a proper period, the ground temperature is high, the cotton plants grow fast, the fruit branch positions are higher, the pre-harvest peaches are reduced, the cotton bolls are adjusted to mainly grow to the middle-upper fruit branches of the plants from the original uniform growing on the whole fruit branches, and the cotton bolls are ensured to be far away from the ground, can receive sufficient illumination and avoid the rotten bolls caused by germ infection.
Compared with the traditional sowing mode, the sowing time is delayed by 15-20 days, the sowing density is improved to 5500-6500 plants/mu from the original 3000-4000 plants/mu, and more than 6.5 thousands of bolls are formed per mu. Therefore, the delay of the sowing period not only facilitates the high ground temperature to strengthen the whole seedlings, but also can mainly adjust the cotton growth process, the rotten bolls are obviously reduced without the pre-harvest peaches, the sowing density is increased to a proper range, the sowing period is delayed, the large-group small-individual cotton field structure is established, the single plant is changed from 'high, large and thick' into 'short, thin and soft', and the high fiber quality also meets the mechanical harvesting requirement.
And S2, topping in 5-7-10 months.
Topping is carried out within the period of 7 months and 5 days to 7 months and 10 days after sowing, and the number of fruit branches in the period is 8 to 10. The plant height is about 90 cm. The topping time is changed from 13-14 topping to 8-10 topping in advance, and from about 120cm of plant height to 90cm of plant height. The topping time of the application is about 10 days ahead of the existing topping time of 7 months and 15 days-20 days, no frost flowers are left after topping, the boll opening is relatively concentrated, the fiber quality is improved, and the mechanical one-time harvesting is facilitated.
And spraying the ecological organic foliar fertilizer during the bud stage-full-bloom stage of the whole cotton plant growth period, preferably 6 months, 15 days to 7 months, 20 days. Specifically, the spraying mode is that the ecological organic foliar fertilizer with 200 times of liquid is sprayed once every 7 days, and the spraying is ensured to be thorough. In the present application, the ecological organic foliar fertilizer is sold under the name: kun Yuan 588, main components: probiotics, amino acid, fulvic acid, ribonic acid and the like, trace elements and specific formula content are kept secret by manufacturers.
If the insect control is needed in the bud period-full-bloom period, the organic foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 4-5 times in combination with the insect control, so that the leaves are protected and the bolls are increased.
Base fertilizer is applied before sowing, and foliar fertilizer is applied in the period from the bud period to the full-bloom period after sowing, so that the root and the leaf are supplemented simultaneously. Reducing the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer by 20-30 percent; the ecological organic formula fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer are rich in probiotics, amino acid, fulvic acid, ribonic acid and various medium and trace elements, cotton needs to absorb a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements and various medium and trace elements in the growth process, and the trace elements play an indispensable role in participating in the synthesis of chlorophyll of cotton leaves, promoting photosynthesis, neutralizing organic acid formed in the metabolism process, regulating the pH value in vivo, the composition, the structure, the regulation function and the like of various enzymes. After the application, the growth promoter can rapidly promote the root system to be developed, increase the thickness of the leaves and the chlorophyll content, improve the photosynthetic rate, prolong the photosynthetic function period of the leaves, and improve the single plant boll number by controlling the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the leaves where the probiotics are retained; meanwhile, the over-vigorous growth of nutrition is prevented, the ineffective growth amount is reduced, and the stable growth of cotton plants is ensured. Test results show that by applying the organic ecological fertilizer and spraying the foliar fertilizer, the chlorophyll content can be increased by 0.9-1.8%, the fruit bearing capacity of 1-2 fruit branches is increased by 4.3-18.0%, and the single plant boll forming number is increased by 1.2-5.7%. Meanwhile, ecological organic fertilizer is additionally applied, so that the soil fertility is continuously improved, the continuous yield increase is facilitated, the fertilizer consumption is reduced, and the ecological environment is continuously improved.
And during the growth period of the cotton peanuts, spraying a bud inhibitor to the plants to inhibit lateral buds of the cotton, and spraying again if raining within 6 hours after spraying.
The concrete mode of spraying the bud inhibitor is as follows: spraying the Aifudi 2 times when the cotton grows to the late growth stage, spraying for the first time when the cotton plants grow to 75-85 cm, and spraying for the second time in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein preferably, the first spraying application concentration is 2-2.5 ml/kg, namely 1kg of Aifudi water is added for every 2-2.5 ml, and the second spraying application concentration is 3.3-3.7 ml/kg, namely 1kg of Aifudi water is added for every 3.3-3.7 ml, so that the best bud inhibition effect can be achieved. Or taking a 25% slow-release synergistic mepiquat chloride water emulsion as a bud inhibitor, and spraying 1kg of water into 1-3.5 ml of the bud inhibitor after topping of cotton plants to ensure thorough spraying.
Pruning is the most complicated and labor-consuming technical link of cotton field management and difficult realization of mechanization, cotton plants are stable and long, multi-node bolls are the basis of pruning-free, and the key is to inhibit buds and increase bolls, namely realize chemical pruning. The related test results show that: spraying the bud inhibiting and boll increasing agent can reduce the proud buds of the cotton plant by 32 percent, even if the proud buds with the length less than 5cm grow to account for 90 percent of the total amount of the whole plant, the stable yield of the cotton is not obviously influenced, so the pruning-free cotton plant is feasible in the management technology during the whole growing period.
The following will specifically describe a method for cultivating cotton in accordance with the present invention, which is suitable for the type of climate in coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas, with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
applying base fertilizer in the low-fertility cotton field before sowing, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 75kg per mu.
Sowing is carried out in 5 months and 1 day, the sowing density is about 6000 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 63cm, the small row spacing is 13cm, and the hole spacing is 40 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 5 days.
Spraying the Aifudi 2 times at the late growth stage of the cotton, spraying for the first time when the cotton plants grow to about 80cm, namely within the range of 75-85 cm, spraying for the second time in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein the spraying concentration of the first time is 2ml/kg, and the spraying concentration of the second time is 3.3 ml/kg.
Example 2
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, applying base fertilizer in the cotton field with low fertility, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 100kg per mu.
5 days after 5 months, the seeds are sown, the sowing density is about 5500 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 65cm, the small row spacing is 15cm, and the hole spacing is 42 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 10 days.
Spraying the Aifudi 2 times at the late growth stage of the cotton, spraying for the first time when the cotton plants grow to about 80cm, namely within the range of 75-85 cm, spraying for the second time in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein the spraying concentration of the first time is 2.5ml/kg, and the spraying concentration of the second time is 3.7 ml/kg.
Example 3
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, applying base fertilizer in a low-fertility cotton field, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 85kg per mu.
Sowing is carried out for 3 days in 5 months, the sowing density is about 6500 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 60cm, the small row spacing is 10cm, and the hole spacing is 38 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 8 days.
Spraying the Aifudi 2 times at the late growth stage of the cotton, spraying for the first time when the cotton plants grow to about 80cm, namely within the range of 75-85 cm, spraying for the second time in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein the spraying concentration of the first time is 2.2ml/kg, and the spraying concentration of the second time is 3.5 ml/kg.
Example 4
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, applying base fertilizer in a low-fertility cotton field, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 85kg per mu.
Sowing in 25 days in 4 months, wherein the sowing density is about 6000 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 63cm, the small row spacing is 13cm, and the hole spacing is 40 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 5 days. After topping, spraying and bud inhibition are carried out by adding 1kg of water into 1ml of 25% slow-release synergistic mepiquat chloride aqueous emulsion, and the spraying is ensured to be thorough.
Example 5
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, applying base fertilizer in a low-fertility cotton field, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 85kg per mu.
Sowing is carried out for 28 days in 4 months, the sowing density is about 6000 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 63cm, the small row spacing is 13cm, and the hole spacing is 40 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 5 days. After topping, every 3.5ml of 25% slow-release synergistic mepiquat chloride aqueous emulsion is mixed with 1kg of water to be sprayed for bud inhibition, and the spraying is ensured to be thorough.
Example 6
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
applying base fertilizer in the cotton field with low fertility before sowing, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 90kg per mu.
Sowing is carried out in 5 months and 1 day, the sowing density is about 6000 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 63cm, the small row spacing is 13cm, and the hole spacing is 40 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 5 days. After topping, every 2ml of 25% slow-release synergistic mepiquat chloride aqueous emulsion is mixed with 1kg of water to be sprayed for bud inhibition, and the spraying is ensured to be thorough.
Example 7
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, base fertilizer is applied in the cotton field with medium fertility, and the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 50kg per mu.
Sowing is carried out in 5 months and 1 day, the sowing density is about 6000 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 63cm, the small row spacing is 13cm, and the hole spacing is 40 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 5 days.
Spraying the Aifudi 2 times at the late growth stage of the cotton, spraying for the first time when the cotton plants grow to about 80cm, namely within the range of 75-85 cm, spraying for the second time in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein the spraying concentration of the first time is 2ml/kg, and the spraying concentration of the second time is 3.3 ml/kg.
Example 8
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, base fertilizer is applied in the cotton field with medium fertility, and the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 75kg per mu.
5 days after 5 months, the seeds are sown, the sowing density is about 5500 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 65cm, the small row spacing is 15cm, and the hole spacing is 42 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 10 days.
Spraying the Aifudi 2 times at the late growth stage of the cotton, spraying for the first time when the cotton plants grow to about 80cm, namely within the range of 75-85 cm, spraying for the second time in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein the spraying concentration of the first time is 2.5ml/kg, and the spraying concentration of the second time is 3.7 ml/kg.
Example 9
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, base fertilizer is applied in the cotton field with medium fertility, and the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 65kg per mu.
Sowing is carried out for 3 days in 5 months, the sowing density is about 6500 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 60cm, the small row spacing is 10cm, and the hole spacing is 38 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 8 days.
Spraying the Aifudi 2 times at the late growth stage of the cotton, spraying for the first time when the cotton plants grow to about 80cm, namely within the range of 75-85 cm, spraying for the second time in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein the spraying concentration of the first time is 2.2ml/kg, and the spraying concentration of the second time is 3.5 ml/kg.
Example 10
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, base fertilizer is applied in the cotton field with medium fertility, and the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 65kg per mu.
Sowing in 25 days in 4 months, wherein the sowing density is about 6000 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 63cm, the small row spacing is 13cm, and the hole spacing is 40 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 5 days. After topping, spraying and bud inhibition are carried out by adding 1kg of water into 1ml of 25% slow-release synergistic mepiquat chloride aqueous emulsion, and the spraying is ensured to be thorough.
Example 11
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, base fertilizer is applied in the cotton field with medium fertility, and the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 65kg per mu.
Sowing is carried out for 28 days in 4 months, the sowing density is about 6000 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 63cm, the small row spacing is 13cm, and the hole spacing is 40 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 5 days. After topping, every 3.5ml of 25% slow-release synergistic mepiquat chloride aqueous emulsion is mixed with 1kg of water to be sprayed for bud inhibition, and the spraying is ensured to be thorough.
Example 12
The cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
before sowing, applying base fertilizer in a cotton field with medium fertility, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer as the ecological organic fertilizer is 70kg per mu.
Sowing is carried out in 5 months and 1 day, the sowing density is about 6000 plants/mu, the large row spacing is 63cm, the small row spacing is 13cm, and the hole spacing is 40 cm. And (3) topdressing the leaf fertilizer within the period of 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 20 days, and spraying the ecological organic leaf fertilizer with 200 times of liquid once every 7 days until the ecological organic leaf fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly. Topping in 7 months and 5 days. After topping, every 2ml of 25% slow-release synergistic mepiquat chloride aqueous emulsion is mixed with 1kg of water to be sprayed for bud inhibition, and the spraying is ensured to be thorough.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the sowing time was 4 months and 15 days.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is essentially the same as example 2 except that the topping time was 7 months and 20 days.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 3 except that the seeding density is different, and the seeding density is 3500 plants per mu.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 4 except that the seeding row width is different and equal row spacing of 90cm seeding is set.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example is essentially the same as example 2, except that the first spray application has an efedi concentration of 3ml/kg and the second spray application has a concentration of 4 ml/kg.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 6, except that after topping, 1kg of water is added to every 5ml of 25% slow-release synergistic mepiquat chloride aqueous emulsion to inhibit sprouting.
2013-2018, continuously developing field planting technology comparison tests under the climatic conditions of saline-alkali dry farming areas of the Bohai and the Bohai sea, wherein the area of each treatment cell is 30m2And repeating the steps for 3 times, and cultivating the cotton according to the methods provided in the examples 1-12 and the comparative examples 1-6. The number of rotten bolls and dry masses of proud buds were counted 10 days per year at 9 months, the yield of the plots and the bloom rate were recorded during harvest, and the fiber quality of the blended samples was determined and recorded in the table below.
TABLE 1 comparative table of test data for examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-6
Table 2 records of experiments in examples 7-12
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has high cotton yield, low rotten boll rate and good quality of the harvested cotton. As can be seen from table 1, the yield, the number of rotten bolls per plant, the dry mass of proud buds, the blossom rate after frost and the fiber quality of cotton cultivated according to the methods provided in examples 1 to 6 of the present application are significantly better than those of comparative examples 1 to 6, which indicates that the cotton cultivation method provided by the present invention can significantly reduce the rotten bolls, increase the yield of seed cotton, improve the fiber quality and reduce the labor investment. Example 3 and comparative example 3 are specifically illustrated: comparing example 3 with comparative example 3, the yield of the example is significantly higher than the comparative example and the rotting bell rate is lower because the low density planted plants have lower inter-individual competition and the lower fruit branches of the plants have more rings compared with the high density planted plants, so the rotting bell rate of the comparative example 3 is more.
In conclusion, the cotton cultivation method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming area climate type provided by the invention has the advantages that the sowing density is increased to be within a proper range, the sowing is delayed for proper days, so that the pre-harvest bolls are not generated in the growth process of cotton plants, the rotten bolls are obviously reduced, the large-population small-individual cotton field structure is established, the height, the size and the thickness of a single plant are changed into the short, the thin and the soft, and the fiber quality is high and meets the mechanical harvesting requirement. On the basis, topping is carried out in advance, so that no frost flowers are left after topping, and boll opening is relatively concentrated, thereby not only improving the fiber quality, but also being beneficial to mechanical one-time harvesting. In addition, further, the fertilization is carried out in a root and leaf simultaneous supplement mode, which is beneficial to the yield increase of cotton and the continuous fertility of the cultivated land, can reduce the application amount of the fertilizer year by year, reduce the nitrogen pollution of cultivated land and continuously improve the ecological environment of cotton fields. Further adopts a chemical inhibitor to inhibit the growth of proud buds, and can realize the whole growth period of cotton without pruning.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cotton cultivation method suitable for coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas in climatic type is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sowing is carried out at 1 day in 5 months to 5 days in 5 months, and the sowing density is 5500-6500 plants/mu;
topping for 5 days in 7 months and 10 days in 7 months; applying base fertilizer before sowing, and spraying the ecological organic foliar fertilizer in the period from the bud stage to the full-bloom stage, wherein the time for spraying the ecological organic foliar fertilizer is 6 months, 15 days to 7 months, and 20 days; the base fertilizer is an ecological organic fertilizer, the amount of the ecological organic fertilizer is 75-100 kg per mu of cotton fields with low fertility, the amount of the ecological organic fertilizer is 50-75 kg per mu of cotton fields with medium fertility, and the low fertility is 30-60 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in plough layer soil, 3-5 mg/kg of available phosphorus, 30-50 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 0.6-1.0% of organic matter; the medium fertility is 60-90 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 5-10 mg/kg of effective phosphorus, 50-100 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 1.0-2.0% of organic matter in the plough layer soil; the ecological organic fertilizer is a commercial organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for cotton; and in the period from the bud period to the full-bloom period, spraying the ecological organic foliar fertilizer with 200 times of liquid every 7 days.
2. The method for cultivating cotton in coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas as defined in claim 1, wherein the plant is sprayed with the germination inhibitor during the growing period of the cotton, and the germination inhibitor is sprayed again when raining within 6 hours after the spraying.
3. The method for cultivating cotton suitable for the climatic type of coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas according to claim 2, wherein the sprout inhibitor is aifludi, which is sprayed 2 times during the late growth period of cotton, the first spraying is carried out when the cotton plants grow to 75-85 cm, and the second spraying is carried out in the last 8 months.
4. The method for cultivating cotton in coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas with climate type as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first spraying application concentration is 2-2.5 ml/kg, and the second spraying application concentration is 3.3-3.7 ml/kg.
5. The method for cultivating cotton suitable for the coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas in the climatic type according to claim 2, wherein the sprout inhibitor is a 25% slow-release synergistic type shrinkage amine water emulsion, and is sprayed after topping of cotton plants by adding 1kg of water to 1-3.5 ml of the sprout inhibitor.
6. The method for cultivating cotton in coastal saline-alkali dry farming areas according to claim 1, wherein the sowing mode is as follows: and alternately sowing the small row spacing and the large row spacing, wherein the large row spacing is 60-65 cm, the small row spacing is 10-15 cm, the hole spacing of each row is 38-42 cm, and the adjacent two rows with the row spacing of the small row spacing adopt a staggered sowing mode.
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