CN107360820A - The saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton - Google Patents
The saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN107360820A CN107360820A CN201710578385.3A CN201710578385A CN107360820A CN 107360820 A CN107360820 A CN 107360820A CN 201710578385 A CN201710578385 A CN 201710578385A CN 107360820 A CN107360820 A CN 107360820A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
A kind of saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton, it is carried out in the steps below：The first step, straw-returning is carried out before plowing, second step, is plowed, the 3rd step, seed selection, the 4th step, sowing, the 5th step, seedling management, the 6th step, flower bud phase management, the 7th step, flowering and boll-setting period management, the 8th step, blow-of-cottons period management.The present invention should use salt resistance alkali high-yield culture technique, realize Yield Increase In Cotton, positive effect in Xinjiang region in the whole planting process of cotton.Soil salt resistance alkali farming and improvement are carried out before plantation, sprayed in cotton growth process and apply saline and alkaline upgrade materials and growth regulator collaboration enhancing cotton plant resistance with water droplet, coordinate high yield and liquid manure technology again, promote cotton knot bell, realize high yield, the present invention uses salt resistance alkali high-yield culture technique in the whole planting process of cotton, realizes Yield Increase In Cotton, positive effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cotton planting technical field, is a kind of saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton.
Background technology
Cotton is the most important industrial crops of China, is occupied an important position in production.Xinjiang is most important as China
High quality cotton production base, 2016 plant cotton area reach the whole nation 53%, output of cotton account for the whole nation 67%, in directly affecting
The Cotton Production state of development of state.This several years, Cotton plantation level was improved constantly, and yield is continuously increased, but with all the year round
Continuous cropping, many cotton field salinization of soil getting worses, adverse effect is generated to cotton growth, causes production loss.China is saline and alkaline
The distribution of soil is wider, and the 4.88% of soil can be utilized by accounting for China, account for the 6.62% of national cultivated area, Saline Ground in Xinjiang area is
2.18 ten thousand hectares, the 30.12% of Xinjiang cultivated area is accounted for, accounts for the 22.06% of the national saline-alkali soil gross area（Whole nation statistics year in 2001
Mirror）.The problem of Cotton Fields in Xinjiang is in the prevalence of salinization of soil, generally soil layer saliferous at 0.2%, cotton emergence just by
Influenceing, planting percent reduces, and at 0.3% to 0.5%, cotton can emerge soil layer saliferous reluctantly, but cotton seedling is weak, starts largely to be short of seedling,
When soil layer saliferous is more than 0.5%, cotton emergence and growth are difficult, are not suitable for plant cotton again.How cotton planet forming is improved
Rate, increase yield, the saline-alkali tolerance for strengthening cotton is good problem to study.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton, the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, its energy are overcome
Cotton Fields in Xinjiang is effectively solved in the prevalence of the salinization of soil, cotton emerges and grown serious the problem of being affected.
The technical scheme is that realized by following measures：A kind of saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton, is pressed
Following step is carried out：The first step, straw-returning is carried out before plowing, then mu spreads fertilizer over the fields weathered coal 1t to 2t or 150kg to 200kg
Fulvic acid；Second step, plow：Depth of plowing 20cm to 40cm, depth of raking the soil level 8cm to 10cm；3rd step, seed selection, seed selection
Seed full, grain is big, fully ripe, removes the seed more than flat seed, different seed, rotten seed and burr, good seed rate >=95%, percentage of damage
≤ 1%, germination percentage >=85%；4th step, sowing, at the beginning of 4 months, when ground temperature is stable more than 10 DEG C, under film, 5cm ground temperature is for three days on end
Stable to be sowed more than 12 DEG C, mu applies double superhosphate 18kg to 25kg, urea 12kg to 18kg, and potash fertilizer 5kg to 8kg makees bottom
Fertilizer, the cotton seeding row spacing of sowing are：Wide row 66cm, narrow row 10cm, spacing in the rows 9cm to 10cm, the row three of a film six with or two bands, then
Carry out conventional plastic film mulch, weeding, watering field management；5th step, seedling management：Seedling stage do a good job of it emergence, save from damage seedling, full stand and
Field operation is intertilled, the cm to 0.5cm of control stem day growth amount 0.3, red shank ratio is 50%, and plant height reaches 15cm to 25cm, 5 leaves
See flower bud to 6 leaves, while carry out conventional field management；6th step, flower bud phase management：Control flower bud phase leaf age reaches 10 leaves to 12 leaves,
Plant height reaches 45cm to 50cm, and red shank ratio is 60% to 70%, controls stem day growth amount：First flower bud phase is in 0.5cm to 0.8cm, Sheng
Phase in 0.8cm to 1.2cm, drips 2 times to 3 times in flower bud phase, is spaced 10 days, the mu amount of dripping 25m3To 30m3, Fertigation, fertilizer
Based on urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, it is aided with compound sodium nitrophenolate, mu drop applies urea 2kg to 3kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6kg extremely
1.5kg, compound sodium nitrophenolate 6g to 8g, 1 hour clear water, then mu drop fertilising material are first dripped when dripping fertile, 1 hour to 2 hours is dripped before cutting off the water clearly
Water, while carry out conventional field management；7th step, flowering and boll-setting period management：Control stem day growth amount 0.8cm to 1.5cm, red shank
Than for 70% to 80%, plant height is controlled in 70cm to 80cm, leaf age number reaches 14 leaves to 16 leaves, and fruit branch number is up to 8 to 11, Hua Ling
Phase drips 5 times to 6 times altogether, every time the amount of dripping 20m3To 40m3, urea 3kg to 6kg is applied with water droplet every time, is applied with water addition drop multiple
Nitre phenol sodium 1 time to 2 times, each 4g to 8g, foliage-spray Nafusaku 2 times, mu dosage 0.4g to 1.6g, the Nafusaku sprayed
Concentration of aqueous solution is 20mg/kg to 40mg/kg, foliage-spray 2000 times of 0.01% brassin lactones soluble concentrate liquid 2 times, every time
Mu dosage be 3mL to 10mL, period mepiquat chloride regulation and control 3 times, regulate and control during 10 leaves to 13 leaf the 1st time, mepiquat chloride mu dosage be 4g
To 8g, topping, regulates and controls 2 times after topping at the beginning of 7 months, mu mepiquat chloride dosage 7g to 10g during the 1st regulation and control after topping, the 2nd after topping
Mu mepiquat chloride dosage 10g is to 15g during secondary regulation and control, while carries out conventional field management；8th step, blow-of-cottons period management：The phase stops
Water stops fertilizer, and the harvesting that cotton boll reaches normal blow-of-cottons is harvested when requiring, when using machine pick cotton, in mid-September, every mu sprays
Accelerate the ripening defoliant：Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH is de- to tell grand 14ml to 16ml and ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 75ml to 85ml, and the day of 3 days to 5 days is most before and after spray
Low temperature >=12.5 DEG C, continuous 7 days of daily mean temperature carried out more than 20 DEG C, before harvesting smooth to 10 days to the cotton field rand edge of a field
And cleaning, cotton picker harvesting passage is sorted out, when spraying cotton defoliation rate >=90% after defoliant, cotton boll blow-of-cottons rate >=95% i.e.
Mechanical harvesting can be carried out.
Here is the further optimization and/or improvements to foregoing invention technical scheme：
In above-mentioned 5th step, when insemination and emergence using it is dry broadcast it is wet go out method when, when being dripped for the first time after emergence, with water mu drip
Maleic anhydride 0.4kg to 1.0kg is applied, is applied 2 times with water droplet；Or the 5th in step, when insemination and emergence using it is non-it is dry broadcast it is wet go out side
During method, when being dripped for the first time after emergence, maleic anhydride 0.5kg to 1.5kg is applied with water mu drop；Or/and the 5th in step, in 2 leaves
First timeization is carried out to 4 leaf phases to adjust, mu mepiquat chloride 0.2g to 0.8g；Or/and the 6th in step, in flower bud phase, carry out mu and spray
6mg/L compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.5g to 0.6g；Or the 6th in step, in flower bud phase, mix compound sodium nitrophenolate and mepiquat chloride is carried out
Spray, mepiquat chloride mu dosage 2.0g to 4.0g, 6mg/L compound sodium nitrophenolate mu dosage 0.5g to 0.6g.
In above-mentioned 5th step, when dripping for the first time, while mu increases 0.5kg to 0.8kg potassium dihydrogen phosphates；Or the
In five steps, in 3 leaf, mu spray mepiquat chloride 0.4g to 0.6g；Or the 6th in step, while spray compound sodium nitrophenolate and mepiquat chloride
When, sprayed when leaf age is 7 blade, mepiquat chloride mu dosage is 2.5g to 3.5g.
In the above-mentioned first step, during straw-returning, it is desirable to which cotton stalk length is less than 8cm, and spreads fertilizer over the fields 3kg to 9kg urea；Or/and
In the first step, plot is selected to select slight alkaline land of the salt alkali content between 0.15% to 0.25% first, and meet cotton
Light, heat, the water condition of seeds of flowering plants plant；Or/and in the first step, straw-returning is carried out after preceding stubble cotton picking terminates；Or/and the
In one step, previous winter of plowing carries out winter irrigation, the m of mu irrigation quantity 803To 100 m3；Or/and in the first step, spread fertilizer over the fields wind in mu
Mu increases barnyard manure 500kg to 800kg while changing coal or fulvic acid.
In above-mentioned 7th step, each mu drop applies compound sodium nitrophenolate 6g to 8g；In 7th step, mu addition boron fertilizer 1kg, biphosphate
Potassium 2.5kg；Or/and the 7th in step, full-bloom stage carries out spraying Nafusaku for the first time, is spaced 10 days between 2 times, the spray sprayed
It is 25mg/kg to 35mg/kg to apply Nafusaku concentration of aqueous solution；Or/and the 7th in step, 0.01% brassin lactones are sprayed 2 times
For 2000 times of liquid of soluble concentrate respectively in full-bloom stage and Shengjing Town, each mu dosage is 5mL to 7mL；Or/and the 7th in step, naphthalene
Sodium acetate and brassin lactones mixing are sprayed simultaneously, and mepiquat chloride regulates and controls the 1st time to be carried out in the 11st leaf, the 1st regulation and control mu contracting
Save amine dosage 5.5g to 7.5g.
In above-mentioned second step, depth of plowing is 35 cm to 40cm；Or/and the 4th in step, base fertilizer also includes zinc sulfate,
Mu increases zinc sulfate 0.5kg to 2.5kg and makees base fertilizer；Or/and the 8th in step, in field, cotton boll nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 40%
When spray the defoliant that accelerates the ripening.
The invention provides a kind of saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton, this method is adapted to Xinjiang region, is characterized in
Soil salt resistance alkali farming and improvement are carried out before cotton planting, is sprayed in cotton growth process and applies saline and alkaline improvement thing with water droplet
Matter and growth regulator collaboration enhancing cotton plant resistance, then coordinate high yield and liquid manure technology, promote cotton knot bell, realize high
Production, the present invention use salt resistance alkali high-yield culture technique in the whole planting process of cotton, realize Yield Increase In Cotton, positive effect.
Embodiment
The present invention is not limited by following embodiments, can technique according to the invention scheme and actual conditions it is specific to determine
Embodiment.Various chemical reagent and chemical article are previously mentioned in the present invention unless otherwise specified, are known in existing technology
Public chemical reagent and chemical article；Percentage in the present invention is mass percent as not having specified otherwise；The present invention
In water as there is no specified otherwise, be running water or pure water；It is that solvent is if the solution in the present invention is without specified otherwise
The aqueous solution of water, for example, hydrochloric acid solution is aqueous hydrochloric acid solution；Normal temperature in the present invention refers generally to 15 DEG C to 25 DEG C of temperature,
It is commonly defined as 25 DEG C.
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described：
Embodiment 1, the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of the Resistance Strain of Cotton are carried out in the steps below：The first step, stalk is carried out also before plowing
Field, then mu spread fertilizer over the fields weathered coal 1t to 2t or 150kg to 200kg fulvic acids；Second step, plow：Depth of plowing 20cm to 40cm,
Depth of raking the soil level 8cm to 10cm；Maintain strict control over plow, site preparation quality, accomplish：It is moisture in the soil, pine, broken, neat, flat, net, straight, accomplish the consistent nothing of tilling depth
Float plough, turns over upturned soil well without furrow, field is horizontal, the straight ridge will break flat plough saturating, the fixed Gao Qu ridge, it is necessary to repair it is straight, in favor of plowing and broadcasting
Kind, harrowed when raking the soil level it is deep will be by all over from deep to shallow, and topsoil is loose in small, broken bits after ensureing operation, and upper Panasonic is real, and wheel is not stayed in field
Print track.3rd step, seed selection, the seed that seed selection is full, grain is big, fully ripe, remove flat seed, different seed, rotten seed and burr
More seeds, good seed rate >=95%, percentage of damage≤1%, germination percentage >=85%；4th step, sowing, at the beginning of 4 months, when ground temperature stabilization exists
More than 10 DEG C, 5cm ground temperature is stablized can be sowed more than 12 DEG C for three days on end under film, and mu applies double superhosphate 18kg to 25kg, urea
12kg to 18kg, potash fertilizer 5kg to 8kg make base fertilizer, and the cotton seeding row spacing of sowing is：Wide row 66cm, narrow row 10cm, spacing in the rows 9cm is extremely
10cm, the row three of a film six with or two bands, then carry out conventional plastic film mulch, weeding, watering field management；According to the method for the present invention
Cultivated, 17000 plants of cottons of mu solid density to 19000 plants of cottons, mu harvests 12000 plants of cottons to 14000 plants of strain cottons.
5th step, seedling management：Seedling stage does a good job of it emergence, saves the operation of the fields such as seedling, full stand and intertillage from damage, controls stem day growth amount
0.3 cm to 0.5cm, red shank ratio are 50%, and plant height reaches 15cm to 25cm, and 5 leaves to 6 leaves are shown in flower bud, while carry out conventional field
Management；Realize that Cotton growth is stocky, be wider than height, stem slubbing is close, and blade is open and flat, is of moderate size.6th step, flower bud phase management：Control
Flower bud phase leaf age processed reaches 10 leaves to 12 leaves, and plant height reaches 45cm to 50cm, and red shank ratio is 60% to 70%, controls stem day growth
Amount：First flower bud phase in 0.8cm to 1.2cm, is dripped 2 times to 3 times in flower bud phase, is spaced 10 days, mu drips in 0.5cm to 0.8cm, peak period
Measure 25m3To 30m3, Fertigation, fertilizer based on urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, be aided with compound sodium nitrophenolate, mu drop applies urea 2kg extremely
3kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6kg to 1.5kg, compound sodium nitrophenolate 4g to 8g, 1 hour clear water, then mu drop fertilising material are first dripped when dripping fertile, is stopped
1 hour to 2 hours clear water is dripped before water, while carries out conventional field management；Flower bud phase is it is noted that regulation and control plant height, enhancing plant resist
Property, budding more, reduce coming off for flower bud, prematurity, put up high yield shelf.It is required that plant type is compact, stalk is sturdy, and internode distribution is even
Claim, leaf blade size is moderate, and flower bud is more, big.7th step, flowering and boll-setting period management：Control stem day growth amount 0.8cm to 1.5cm, red shank ratio
For 70% to 80%, plant height is controlled in 70cm to 80cm, and leaf age number reaches 14 leaves to 16 leaves, and fruit branch number is up to 8 to 11, flowering and boll-setting period
Drip altogether 5 times to 6 times, every time the amount of dripping 20m3To 40m3, urea 3kg to 6kg is applied with water droplet every time, multiple nitre is applied with water addition drop
Phenol sodium 1 time to 2 times, each 6g to 8g, foliage-spray Nafusaku 2 times, mu dosage 0.4g to 1.6g, the Nafusaku water sprayed
Solution concentration is 20mg/kg to 40mg/kg, foliage-spray 2000 times of 0.01% brassin lactones soluble concentrate liquid 2 times, each mu
Dosage is 3mL to 10mL, and the period mepiquat chloride regulates and controls 3 times, regulate and control during 10 leaves to 13 leaf the 1st time, mepiquat chloride mu dosage be 4g extremely
8g, topping, regulates and controls 2 times after topping at the beginning of 7 months, mu mepiquat chloride dosage 7g to 10g during the 1st regulation and control after topping, the 2nd time after topping
Mu mepiquat chloride dosage 10g is to 15g during regulation and control, while carries out conventional field management；Flowering and boll-setting period requirement centered on liquid manure is planned strategies for,
Early knot Fu Qiantao, more knot volt peaches, anti-early ageing, strengthens prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control dynamics, and plant type is compact, and stalk bottom is sturdy, and internode is shorter,
Fruit branch is healthy and strong, and leaf blade size is moderate, and leaf color is normal.8th step, blow-of-cottons period management：The phase cuts off the water fertilizer, and cotton boll, which reaches, normally to be told
Harvested when the harvesting of wadding requires, when using machine pick cotton, in mid-September, every mu sprays the defoliant that accelerates the ripening：Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH takes off
Tell grand 14ml to 16ml and ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 75ml to 85ml, daily minimal tcmperature >=12.5 DEG C of 3 days to 5 days, per day before and after spray
Continuous 7 days of temperature more than 20 DEG C, smooth and cleaning was carried out to the cotton field rand edge of a field, cotton picker is sorted out and adopts to 10 days before harvesting
Passage is received, mechanical harvesting can be carried out when spraying cotton defoliation rate >=90% after defoliant, cotton boll blow-of-cottons rate >=95%.The term of opening bolls
Mainly promote precocious, anti-early ageing and remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, increasing bell weight, improve cotton fiber grade, it is desirable to flower on robust plant, lower wadding, push up flower bud
Few, ventilation and penetrating light is good, for remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing cotton field, carries out manually pushing away strain and ridge in time, increases cotton field ventilation and penetrating light,
Ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid is added during last water, is promoted precocious.
Embodiment 2, as the optimization of embodiment 1, in the 5th step, when insemination and emergence using it is dry broadcast it is wet go out method when,
When being dripped for the first time after emergence, maleic anhydride 0.4kg to 1.0kg is applied with water mu drop, is applied 2 times with water droplet.In 5th step, work as use
The maleic anhydride aqueous solution, its trade name standing grain health soil conditioner carry out drop when applying, and mu drop applies 0.8 kilogram of standing grain health soil conditioner
To 1.2 kilograms.
Embodiment 3, as the optimization of embodiment 1, when insemination and emergence using it is non-it is dry broadcast it is wet go out method when, the after emergence
When once dripping, maleic anhydride 0.5kg to 1.5kg is applied with water mu drop.In 5th step, when using the maleic anhydride aqueous solution, its business
When the name of an article is that standing grain health soil conditioner carries out drop and applied, mu drop applies 0.8 kilogram to 1.2 kilograms of standing grain health soil conditioner.
Embodiment 4, as the optimization of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, in the 5th step, when dripping for the first time, while mu increases
0.5kg improved soil environment, regulates and controls acid or alkali environment around seed, improves emergence rate, wanted after emergence to 0.8kg potassium dihydrogen phosphates
Save seedling from damage, stay even seedling, promote strong sprout and early send out, strive Qi Miao.
Embodiment 5, as the optimization of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and embodiment 4, in the 5th step, in 2 leaves to 4
The leaf phase carries out first timeization and adjusted, mu mepiquat chloride 0.2g to 0.8g.
Embodiment 6, as the optimization of embodiment 5, in the 5th step, in 3 leaf, mu spray mepiquat chloride 0.4g to 0.6g；
Embodiment 7, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 6th step, in flower bud phase, carry out the compound sodium nitrophenolate that mu sprays 6mg/L
0.5g to 0.6g.6th step flower bud phase needs to carry out tillage and weeding, intertillage depth 15cm or so, and carrying out tillage and weeding can prevent from pressing
Seedling hinders seedling, to improve root soil environment, promotes the growth of cotton seedling root system, the cotton seedling weak to growing way will reduce casing coupling amination control amount
Or do not control, 920 or gibberellin can be sprayed.
Embodiment 8, the optimization as above-described embodiment 1 to embodiment 6, in the 6th step, in flower bud phase, mix multiple nitre
Phenol sodium and mepiquat chloride are sprayed, mepiquat chloride mu dosage 2.0g to 4.0g, 6mg/L compound sodium nitrophenolate mu dosage 0.5g to 0.6g.
6th step flower bud phase needs to carry out tillage and weeding, intertillage depth 15cm or so, and carrying out tillage and weeding can prevent from pressing seedling to hinder seedling, to change
Kind root soil environment, promotes the growth of cotton seedling root system, and the cotton seedling weak to growing way will reduce casing coupling amination control amount or not control, can
Spray 920 or gibberellin.
Embodiment 9, as the optimization of embodiment 7 and embodiment 8, in the 6th step, while spray compound sodium nitrophenolate and mepiquat chloride
When, sprayed when leaf age is 7 blade, mepiquat chloride mu dosage is 2.5g to 3.5g.
Embodiment 10, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the first step, select plot that salt alkali content must be selected to exist first
Slight alkaline land between 0.15% to 0.25%, and meet light, heat, the water condition of cotton planting.
Embodiment 11, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the first step, stalk is carried out also after preceding stubble cotton picking terminates
Field
Embodiment 12, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the first step, previous winter of plowing carries out winter irrigation, mu irrigation quantity
80m3To 100m3The salinity that can be washed in leaching exclusion soil, preferably to mitigate perniciousness harm.
Embodiment 13, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the first step, mu while mu spreads fertilizer over the fields weathered coal or fulvic acid
Barnyard manure 500kg to 800kg is increased, to carry out soil improvement, increases the content of organic matter.
Embodiment 14, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 7th step, mu addition boron fertilizer 1kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5kg.
Embodiment 15, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 7th step, full-bloom stage carries out spraying Nafusaku for the first time, and 2
It is spaced 10 days between secondary, the Nafusaku concentration of aqueous solution that sprays sprayed is 25mg/kg to 35mg/kg.
Embodiment 16, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 7th step, spray 0.01% brassin lactones soluble concentrate 2 times
For 2000 times of liquid respectively in full-bloom stage and Shengjing Town, each mu dosage is 5mL to 7mL, to promote knot bell and the strong strain of enhancing.
Embodiment 17, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 7th step, mepiquat chloride regulates and controls the 1st time and entered in the 11st leaf
OK, the 1st regulation and control mu mepiquat chloride dosage 5.5g to 7.5g.
Embodiment 18, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 8th step, in field cotton boll nature blow-of-cottons rate reach 40% with
The defoliant that accelerates the ripening was sprayed when upper, defoliant best results of accelerating the ripening are sprayed when cotton boll nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 40% in field.
Embodiment 19, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the first step, during straw-returning, it is desirable to which cotton stalk length is less than
8cm, and 3kg is spread fertilizer over the fields to 9kg urea, there is provided nitrogen promotes stalk to rot.
Embodiment 20, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in second step, depth of plowing is 35 cm to 40cm.
Embodiment 21, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 4th step, base fertilizer also includes zinc sulfate, and mu increases sulfuric acid
Zinc 0.5kg to 2.5kg makees base fertilizer.
Embodiment 22, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 7th step, each mu drop applies compound sodium nitrophenolate 6g to 8g.
Embodiment 23, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 7th step, Nafusaku and brassin lactones mixing are sprayed simultaneously
Apply.
Cotton culture will be carried out using the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of the Resistance Strain of Cotton of the present invention, with using existing conventional technique
Cotton culture is carried out to be compared, wherein, in table 1, table 2 and table 3, planted in technology field using the saline and alkaline volume increase of Resistance Strain of Cotton of the present invention
Culture method carries out the cultivation of cotton, and cotton culture is carried out using existing conventional technique in conventional field：
First, emergence rate is investigated after sowing 20 days, tri-leaf period investigates its planting percent, and its average results is shown in Table 1.Emergence rate and into
The calculation basis formula below of seedling rate：
Emergence rate=number of emerging ÷ (actual Seeding Quantity × percentage of seedgermination) × 100%,
Planting percent=number of seedling ÷ (actual Seeding Quantity × percentage of seedgermination) × 100%.
As can be seen from Table 1, the cotton field 2 years of cotton culture is carried out using the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton of the present invention
Data comparison, 4.1% to 30.3% is added using the cotton field emergence rate of this salt resistance alkali technology, planting percent add 4.5% to
29.9%, hence it is evident that improve strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings, add the planting percent of cotton seedling, illustrate to plant using the saline and alkaline volume increase of Resistance Strain of Cotton of the present invention
Culture method, which carries out cotton culture, can significantly improve strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings, and add the planting percent of cotton seedling.
2nd, observe cotton field plant height and true leaf number, its average results are shown in Table 2.As can be seen from Table 2, using the present invention's
The saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton, which carries out the cotton field plant height of cotton culture and true leaf number, substantially to be increased, and plant height adds 3cm extremely
6cm, true leaf number averagely increase by 1.3 to 1.9.
3rd, observe on yield traits, its average results is shown in Table 3.As can be seen from Table 3, using the Resistance Strain of Cotton of the present invention
Saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method carries out the cotton field of cotton culture, does not have difference with conventional cotton field in Single boll weight, single basal munure etc.,
But the production traits higher under height is maintained, and mu strain number is with the obvious advantage, yield level greatly improves, and seed cotton yield adds
10.6% to 17.2%, lint yield adds 10.1% to 17.1%.
The invention provides a kind of saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton, this method is adapted to Xinjiang region, is characterized in
Soil salt resistance alkali farming and improvement are carried out before cotton planting, is sprayed in cotton growth process and applies saline and alkaline improvement thing with water droplet
Matter and growth regulator collaboration enhancing cotton plant resistance, then coordinate high yield and liquid manure technology, promote cotton knot bell, realize high
Production, the present invention use salt resistance alkali high-yield culture technique in the whole planting process of cotton, realize Yield Increase In Cotton, positive effect.
Above technical characteristic constitutes embodiments of the invention, and it has stronger adaptability and implementation result, can basis
The non-essential technical characteristic of increase and decrease is actually needed, to meet the needs of different situations.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton, it is characterised in that carry out in the steps below：The first step, carried out before plowing
Straw-returning, then mu spread fertilizer over the fields weathered coal 1t to 2t or 150kg to 200kg fulvic acids；Second step, plow：Depth of plowing 20cm
To 40cm, depth of raking the soil level 8cm to 10cm；3rd step, seed selection, the seed that seed selection is full, grain is big, fully ripe, remove flat
Seed more than seed, different seed, rotten seed and burr, good seed rate >=95%, percentage of damage≤1%, germination percentage >=85%；4th step, sowing, April
Just, when ground temperature is stable more than 10 DEG C, 5cm ground temperature is stablized can be sowed more than 12 DEG C for three days on end under film, and mu applies weight peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium 18kg to 25kg, urea 12kg to 18kg, potash fertilizer 5kg to 8kg make base fertilizer, and the cotton seeding row spacing of sowing is：It is wide row 66cm, narrow
Row 10cm, spacing in the rows 9cm to 10cm, the row three of a film six with or two bands, then carry out conventional plastic film mulch, weeding, watering field management；
5th step, seedling management：Seedling stage does a good job of it emergence, saves seedling, full stand and the operation of intertillage field, control stem day growth amount 0.3 from damage
Cm to 0.5cm, red shank ratio are 50%, and plant height reaches 15cm to 25cm, and 5 leaves to 6 leaves are shown in flower bud, while carry out conventional field management；
6th step, flower bud phase management：Control flower bud phase leaf age reaches 10 leaves to 12 leaves, and plant height reaches 45cm to 50cm, red shank ratio be 60% to
70%, control stem day growth amount：First flower bud phase in 0.8cm to 1.2cm, is dripped 2 times to 3 in 0.5cm to 0.8cm, peak period in flower bud phase
It is secondary, it is spaced 10 days, the mu amount of dripping 25m3To 30m3, Fertigation, fertilizer based on urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, be aided with compound nitrophenol
Sodium, mu drop apply urea 2kg to 3kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6kg to 1.5kg, compound sodium nitrophenolate 6g to 8g, and 1 hour is first dripped when dripping fertile clearly
Water, then fertilising material is dripped, 1 hour to 2 hours clear water is dripped before cutting off the water, while carry out conventional field management；7th step, flowering and boll-setting period pipe
Reason：Stem day growth amount 0.8cm to 1.5cm is controlled, red shank ratio is 70% to 80%, and plant height is controlled in 70cm to 80cm, leaf age number
Reach 14 leaves to 16 leaves, fruit branch number is up to 8 to 11, and flowering and boll-setting period drips 5 times to 6 times altogether, every time the amount of dripping 20m3To 40m3, often
It is secondary to apply urea 3kg to 6kg with water droplet, apply compound sodium nitrophenolate 1 time to 2 times, each 4g to 8g, foliage-spray methyl α-naphthyl acetate with water addition drop
Sodium 2 times, mu dosage 0.4g to 1.6g, the Nafusaku concentration of aqueous solution sprayed are 20mg/kg to 40mg/kg, foliage-spray
0.01% 2000 times of brassin lactones soluble concentrate liquid 2 times, each mu dosage are 3mL to 10mL, and the period mepiquat chloride regulates and controls 3 times,
Regulate and control during 10 leaves to 13 leaf the 1st time, mepiquat chloride mu dosage be 4g to 8g, topping, regulates and controls 2 times after topping at the beginning of 7 months, the after topping
Mu mepiquat chloride dosage 7g to 10g during 1 regulation and control, mu mepiquat chloride dosage 10g to 15g during the 2nd regulation and control after topping, while carry out normal
The field management of rule；8th step, blow-of-cottons period management：The phase cuts off the water fertilizer, is carried out when the harvesting that cotton boll reaches normal blow-of-cottons requires
Harvesting, when using machine pick cotton, in mid-September, every mu sprays the defoliant that accelerates the ripening：Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH is de- to tell grand 14ml to 16ml and second
Alkene profit 75ml to 85ml, daily minimal tcmperature >=12.5 DEG C of 3 days to 5 days before and after spray, daily mean temperature continuous 7 days to 10 days exist
More than 20 DEG C, smooth and cleaning is carried out before harvesting to the cotton field rand edge of a field, cotton picker harvesting passage is sorted out, after spraying defoliant
Mechanical harvesting can be carried out when cotton defoliation rate >=90%, cotton boll blow-of-cottons rate >=95%.
2. the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the 5th step, work as insemination and emergence
Using it is dry broadcast it is wet go out method when, when being dripped for the first time after emergence, with water mu drop apply maleic anhydride 0.4kg to 1.0kg, with water
Drop is applied 2 times；Or the 5th in step, when insemination and emergence using it is non-it is dry broadcast it is wet go out method when, when being dripped for the first time after emergence,
Maleic anhydride 0.5kg to 1.5kg is applied with water mu drop；Or/and the 5th in step, first timeization tune, mu use are carried out in 2 leaves to 4 leaf phases
Mepiquat chloride 0.2g to 0.8g；Or/and the 6th in step, in flower bud phase, the compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.5g to 0.6g that mu sprays 6mg/L is carried out；Or
Person, in the 6th step, in flower bud phase, sprayed after compound sodium nitrophenolate and mepiquat chloride are mixed, mepiquat chloride mu dosage 2.0g is extremely
4.0g, 6mg/L compound sodium nitrophenolate mu dosage 0.5g to 0.6g.
3. the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the 5th step, dripped in first time
During water, while mu increases 0.5kg to 0.8kg potassium dihydrogen phosphates；Or the 5th in step, in 3 leaf, mu spray mepiquat chloride 0.4g
To 0.6g；Or the 6th in step, while when spraying compound sodium nitrophenolate and mepiquat chloride, sprayed, contracted when leaf age is 7 blade
It is 2.5g to 3.5g to save amine mu dosage.
4. the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that in the first step, stalk
During returning to the field, it is desirable to which cotton stalk length is less than 8cm, and spreads fertilizer over the fields 3kg to 9kg urea；Or/and in the first step, select plot necessary first
Slight alkaline land of the salt alkali content between 0.15% to 0.25% is selected, and meets light, heat, the water condition of cotton planting；Or/
With in the first step, straw-returning is carried out after preceding stubble cotton picking terminates；Or/and in the first step, previous winter of plowing enters
Row winter irrigation, the m of mu irrigation quantity 803To 100 m3；Or/and in the first step, mu increases while mu spreads fertilizer over the fields weathered coal or fulvic acid
Barnyard manure 500kg to 800kg.
5. the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that in the 7th step, every time
Mu drop applies compound sodium nitrophenolate 6g to 8g；In 7th step, mu addition boron fertilizer 1kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5kg；Or/and the 7th in step, contain
Florescence carries out spraying Nafusaku for the first time, is spaced 10 days between 2 times, the Nafusaku concentration of aqueous solution that sprays sprayed is
25mg/kg to 35mg/kg；Or/and the 7th in step, spray 0.01% brassin lactones soluble concentrate, 2000 times of liquid and exist respectively for 2 times
Full-bloom stage and Shengjing Town, each mu dosage are 5mL to 7mL；Or/and the 7th in step, Nafusaku and brassin lactones mixing
Spray simultaneously, mepiquat chloride regulates and controls the 1st time to be carried out in the 11st leaf, the 1st regulation and control mu mepiquat chloride dosage 5.5g to 7.5g.
6. the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in the 7th step, mu addition boron fertilizer
1kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5kg；Or/and the 7th in step, full-bloom stage is carried out spraying Nafusaku for the first time, and 10 are spaced between 2 times
My god, the Nafusaku concentration of aqueous solution that sprays sprayed is 25mg/kg to 35mg/kg；Or/and the 7th in step, 0.01% is sprayed 2 times
For 2000 times of liquid of brassin lactones soluble concentrate respectively in full-bloom stage and Shengjing Town, each mu dosage is 5mL to 7mL；Or/and
In 7th step, mepiquat chloride regulates and controls the 1st time to be carried out in the 11st leaf, the 1st regulation and control mu mepiquat chloride dosage 5.5g to 7.5g.
7. the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that in second step, plow
Depth is 35 cm to 40cm；Or/and the 4th in step, base fertilizer also includes zinc sulfate, and mu increases zinc sulfate 0.5kg to 2.5kg
Make base fertilizer；Or/and the 8th in step, the defoliant that accelerates the ripening is sprayed when cotton boll nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 40% in field.
8. the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in second step, depth of plowing is
35 cm to 40cm；Or/and the 4th in step, base fertilizer also includes zinc sulfate, and mu increases zinc sulfate 0.5kg to 2.5kg and makees base fertilizer；
Or/and the 8th in step, the defoliant that accelerates the ripening is sprayed when cotton boll nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 40% in field.
9. the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in second step, depth of plowing is
35 cm to 40cm；Or/and the 4th in step, base fertilizer also includes zinc sulfate, and mu increases zinc sulfate 0.5kg to 2.5kg and makees base fertilizer；
Or/and the 8th in step, the defoliant that accelerates the ripening is sprayed when cotton boll nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 40% in field.
10. the saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton according to claim 6, it is characterised in that in second step, depth of plowing
For 35 cm to 40cm；Or/and the 4th in step, base fertilizer also includes zinc sulfate, and mu increases zinc sulfate 0.5kg to 2.5kg and makees bottom
Fertilizer；Or/and the 8th in step, the defoliant that accelerates the ripening is sprayed when cotton boll nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 40% in field.
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| CN110122251A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-08-16 | 沧州市农林科学院 | A kind of cotton cultivation method suitable for coastal saline-alkali Dryland climate type |
| CN112273038A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-29 | 塔里木大学 | Cotton planting method for promoting seedling and strengthening seedling |
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