CN109429960A - A kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109429960A CN109429960A CN201811227478.2A CN201811227478A CN109429960A CN 109429960 A CN109429960 A CN 109429960A CN 201811227478 A CN201811227478 A CN 201811227478A CN 109429960 A CN109429960 A CN 109429960A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to potato culture technical fields, and in particular to a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method.It specifically includes: selection of land, site preparation, seed selection, potato seed processing, basal dressing, ridging overlay film and sowing, water-fertilizer integral fertigation, field management.Advantages of the present invention are as follows: water-efficient irrigation rate reaches 47.37~49.35%；16.61~19.35% are improved in normal mode nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer improves 5.15~6.19%, and potash fertilizer improves 20.37~26.25%；Cultivated land utilization rate improves 5.5%~7.5%；Labour productive forces' cost savings 23.53~41.17%；Pesticide dosage can save 10~23%；Output increased 14.75~52%, mu overall economic efficiency improve 9.37~45.97%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato culture technical fields, and in particular to a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultivation side
Method.
Background technique
Currently, due to irrigation method and backward in technique, the influence for the factors such as water utilization rate is relatively low causes agriculture water shortage
Phenomenon is extremely serious.Water security is set to be mentioned important schedule, the Caidamu Basin is the typical High aititude oasis Irrigation farming in China
Area, due to local drought, sunshine is strong, evaporation capacity is big, and water is the lifeline of basin agriculture forest and husbandry development.And bavin for a long time
It is very universal up to broad irrigation phenomenon in the wooden irrigated area agricultural production, keep the Utilizing question of limited irrigation water resource more prominent.
With the development of Planter industry structure adjustment and production, the whole province's applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is significantly increased, year applying quantity of chemical fertilizer exist
280000 tons of commodity amounts, since mountain nonirrigated farmland area is big, drought and water shortage and fertilization mode fall behind etc., utilization rate of fertilizer is hovered always
The utilization rate of low-level, especially nitrogenous fertilizer maintains 30% or so for a long time, cause manure resources waste and production efficiency it is inclined
It is low.In addition existing water engineering facility is simple and crude, and engineering irrigation aging is in bad repair serious, and little precipitation, evaporation capacity is big, crop growing season
Property drought and water shortage causes to directly affect to irrigated area agricultural production, and the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource is very prominent.Therefore how efficient and rational
Utilize water, fertile resource, carry out and application high-efficiency water-saving and water-fertilizer integral fertilizer practice research, become current development agricultural
One of approach.
There are many research for potato production integrated drop irrigation cultivation technique of existing research, but technology is not so far
It is very perfect, also without forming mature technical method.
Summary of the invention
Based on the above issues, it is an object of the invention to pass through plateau arid biogeographic zone condition of drip irrigation Potato agricultural land soil water
Point, the variation of nutrient and migration rule, crop absorption characteristic etc., research water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation cultivation technology supplies soil nutrient
The influence and water salt dynamic variation for answering characteristic propose that potato crop nutrient is supplied in due course and the quantization of liquid manure efficient coupling refers to
Mark has finally determined a kind of water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation cultivation technology method that efficiently section is fertile, water-saving, saves land, increases production.
A kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method.It in turn includes the following steps: selection of land, site preparation, seed selection, potato seed
Processing, basal dressing, ridging overlay film and sowing, water-fertilizer integral fertigation, field management；Wherein,
The potato seed processing: stripping and slicing and seed dressing disinfection；
The basal dressing: applying in potato sowing, per acre 3.25~5.12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer application indicated in the form of N, phosphate fertilizer
1.65~3.02kg is with P2O5Form indicates, 0.98~1.94 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2The expression of O form, application organic commercial fertilizer 180~
220 kg；
Preferably, in the application base manure nitrogenous fertilizer be 6.25~9.85kg of urea, phosphate fertilizer be 3.58~6.56kg of monoammonium phosphate,
Potash fertilizer is 1.72~3.41 kg of potassium sulfate；
Preferably, organic commercial fertilizer in the application base manure are as follows: N 2%, P2O52%, K2O2%, organic matter >=35% are effectively living
Bacterium number 5 × 107A/g, the commercial goods fertilizer of moisture≤20%；
Described, water-fertilizer integral fertigation are as follows: cooperate trickle irrigation in the time of infertility liquid manure of potato, firstly, each breeding time
Elder generation dripping irrigation water 30min every time；Then, it is added after 3~5 kg water-soluble fertilizers are diluted to liquid fertilizer and is dripped according to every cube of water
It fills；Dripping irrigation water 30min again after final liquid fertilizer trickle irrigation is complete.
Further, the selection of land are as follows: selection is without the obvious gradient, the gentle soil of topography.
Further, the site preparation Shi Quantian operation can not retain root stubble, rotary tillage soil before sowing, 20~30cm of tilling depth,
Smash root stubble, clod, it is desirable that ground grading is thin, and soil is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, reaches state to be broadcast.
Further, the seed selection: selection meets the high-quality virus-free seed potato of potato Xia Bodi breed standard.
Further, the potato seed processing stripping and slicing is to prepare two cutters sunning potato seed one week before broadcasting, cut knife when potato wedge
Tool potassium permanganate and water by 1:2500 proportional arrangement at liquor potassic permanganate in sterilize, one cuts 3~5 potato seeds cutter
Rotation is primary, and wheel tool changing is put into liquor potassic permanganate and sterilizes, 30~50g of each potato wedge weight, it is ensured that each potato wedge with 1~
2 bud eyes.
Further, potato seed processing seed dressing disinfection is 0.3% carbendazim or potato seed weight with potato seed weight
0.1% metalaxyl is dressed seed without saline and alkaline plant plait wood ash, and airing 8 hours or more are sowed again.
Further, the ridging overlay film and sowing: the sowing time is mid or late April, firstly, ridging overlay film, ridge is high by 25
Cm, 90 cm of row spacing, cover width are the black mulch film of 120 cm；Then punching sowing, application rate are 220 kgs/acre, line-spacing
40cm, spacing in the rows are 25~30cm, 2 rows of every ridge plantation, 4600 plants per acre of final singling density.
Further, the water-fertilizer integral fertigation, wherein each breeding time dripping irrigation water are as follows: seedling stage dripping irrigation water 2 times, often
Secondary trickle irrigation water is 395~465 m3/hm2；Group phase dripping irrigation water 3 times, each trickle irrigation water are 455~525 m3/hm2；It blooms
Phase dripping irrigation water 4 times, each trickle irrigation water is 485~555 m3/hm2；Maturity period dripping irrigation water 3 times, each dripping irrigation water water is 425
~495 m3/hm2；
Wherein each breeding time drop fertilising are as follows: group's phase drip per acre 0.85~1.65kg of nitrogen fertilizer application indicated in the form of N, phosphate fertilizer 0.25
~0.72kg is with P2O5Form indicates, 0.15~0.58kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates；Florescence drip per acre nitrogen fertilizer application 3.45~
5.56kg is indicated in the form of N, 1.45~2.67 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 1.05~1.68 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form
It indicates；Drip that 10.25~13.12kg of nitrogen fertilizer application is indicated in the form of N, 3.15~5.67kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P the maturity period per acre2O5Form table
Show, 2.15~4.26 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates.
Preferably, each breeding time drop fertilising are as follows: it is 1.63~3.17kg of urea that group's phase drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre,
Phosphate fertilizer is 0.54~1.56kg of monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer is 0.26~1.02kg of potassium sulfate；Florescence drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre
For 6.63~10.69kg of urea, phosphate fertilizer is 3.15~5.80kg of monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer is 1.84~2.95kg of potassium sulfate；It is mature
Phase drips 19.71~25.23kg of urea in fertilising per acre, and phosphate fertilizer is 6.85~12.33 kg of monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate
3.77~7.47 kg.
Further, the field management is tillage and weeding ridging and epidemic prevention and control, wherein tillage and weeding ridging is Ma Ling
Timely tillage and weeding after potato emergence is consistent carries out last time cultivation and banking before sealing ridge, guarantees subterranean stem from sprout tuber to the aerial stem of plant
Base portion has the thickness of 15 cm；Epidemic prevention and control is that 50% dimethomorph water dispersion granula and water is selected to match by the volume of 1:600~800
It is set to solution or is configured to solution, or the fluorine bacterium downy mildew with 687.5g/L by the volume of 1:800 with 72% Propamocarb aqua and water
Prestige suspending agent and water are configured to solution by the volume of 1:600, or are matched with 5% cyazofamid suspending agent and water by the volume of 1:1500
Be set to solution carry out it is conventional spraying, it is 1 time spraying every 7~10 days, continuously by spraying 2~3 times.
It after potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method of the present invention, demonstrates 2000 mu of area, major advantage is section
Water, section fertilizer, less labour and Pesticide use amount improve water resource and utilization rate of fertilizer and volume increase.Compared with the prior art, originally
The specific advantage of invention are as follows:
(1) water-efficient irrigation rate: reach 47.37~49.35% using rear field irrigation water-saving rate；
(2) utilization rate of fertilizer: 16.61~19.35% are improved in normal mode nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer improves 5.15~6.19%, and potash fertilizer mentions
It is high by 20.37~26.25%；
(3) cultivated land utilization rate: by embedment underground and the aqueduct of ground moving, instead of the field pipe-net channel on ground and field
Broad irrigation ridge, cultivated land utilization rate improve 5.5%~7.5%；
(4) labour productive forces' cost: manpower, large labor intensity, low efficiency are leaned in broad irrigation.Using labour productive forces after trickle irrigation at
This saving 23.53~41.17%；
(5) pesticide dosage: using trickle irrigation, and earth's surface relatively drying is unfavorable for pest and disease damage, and pesticide dosage significantly reduces, it can save 10~
23%, control efficiency is significant；
(6) effect of increasing production: Scientific Regulation liquid manure, loosing soil, permeability is good, and crop rhizosphere growth conditions can be kept superior,
Output increased 14.75~52%, mu overall economic efficiency improve 9.37~45.97%.
Specific embodiment
After a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method of the present invention, from potato water-efficient irrigation rate, fertilizer
Utilization rate, it is average it is water-saving per acre, save cultivated land utilization rate, labor productivity raising, pesticide dosage saving rate, yield increase rate and
The raising etc. of mu overall economic efficiency compare with existing potato seed planting technology.It is specific that see Table 1 for details.
The changing rule of 1 each parameter index of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method of table
Embodiment 1
Test site is located at Qinghai Province, the town Ke Ke, Wulan County Xisha ditch village, demonstrates 2000 mu of area, is " the summer for examination Potato Cultivars
The wave base of a fruit ".
A kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method.It in turn includes the following steps: selection of land, site preparation, seed selection, potato seed
Processing, ridging overlay film and sowing, basal dressing, water-fertilizer integral fertigation, field management；Wherein,
Selection is without the obvious gradient, the gentle soil of topography first；Site preparation Shi Quantian operation can not retain root stubble, rotary tillage before sowing
Soil, tilling depth 25cm smash root stubble, clod, it is desirable that ground grading is thin, and soil is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, reaches state to be broadcast；Selection meets horse
The high-quality virus-free seed potato of bell potato Xia Bodi breed standard.
Then, potato seed is subjected to dicing treatment, dries potato seed one week, prepares two cutters, cutter when cutting potato wedge is used
Potassium permanganate and water by 1:2500 proportional arrangement at liquor potassic permanganate in sterilize, one that cutter cut 3 potato seed rotations is primary,
Wheel tool changing, which is put into liquor potassic permanganate, to be sterilized, each potato wedge weight 35g, it is ensured that each potato wedge has 2 bud eyes；Again to potato seed
Seed dressing disinfection treatment is carried out, with 0.3% carbendazim of potato seed weight or 0.1% metalaxyl of potato seed weight or without saline and alkaline
The seed dressing of plant plait wood ash, and airing 8 hours or more are sowed again；Mid or late April ridging mulch sowing, high 25 cm in ridge, row spacing
90 cm, cover width are the black mulch film of 120 cm, and punching sowing, application rate is 220 kgs/acre, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows is
25cm, 2 rows of every ridge plantation, 4600 plants per acre of final singling density；It is applied in potato sowing, 4.35 kg of nitrogen fertilizer application is per acre with N shape
Formula indicates, 1.85 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 1.22 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates, applies organic commercial fertilizer 205
kg；Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea 8.31kg when being wherein embodied, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate 4.15kg, potash fertilizer is 2.13 kg of potassium sulfate, quotient
Product organic fertilizer is N 2%, P2O52%, K2O2%, organic matter >=35%, living bacteria count 5 × 107A/g, the commercially available quotient of moisture≤20%
205 kg of product fertilizer.
Again, cooperate trickle irrigation in the time of infertility liquid manure of potato, first dripping irrigation water 30min every time of each breeding time；Then, it presses
It is added after 4 kg water-soluble fertilizers are diluted to liquid fertilizer according to every cube of water and carries out trickle irrigation；Trickle irrigation again after final liquid fertilizer trickle irrigation is complete
Water 30min.Wherein, each breeding time dripping irrigation water are as follows: seedling stage dripping irrigation water 2 times, each trickle irrigation water is 430m3/hm2；Group's phase trickle irrigation
Water 3 times, each trickle irrigation water is 498 m3/hm2；Florescence dripping irrigation water 4 times, each trickle irrigation water is 512m3/hm2；Maturity period
Dripping irrigation water 3 times, each dripping irrigation water water is 458 m3/hm2.Each breeding time drop fertilising are as follows: group's phase drips nitrogen fertilizer application 1.08kg per acre
It is indicated in the form of N, 0.45 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 0.35 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates；Florescence drips per acre applies
4.56 kg of nitrogenous fertilizer is indicated in the form of N, 1.94 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 1.24 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates；At
Drip that nitrogen fertilizer application 11.74kg is indicated in the form of N, phosphate fertilizer 4.94kg is with P the ripe phase per acre2O5Form indicates, 3.26 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O shape
Formula indicates.In specific implementation process roll into a ball a phase drip per acre fertilising in nitrogenous fertilizer be urea 2.15kg, phosphate fertilizer be monoammonium phosphate 1.05kg,
Potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate 0.52kg；It is 8.78 kg of urea that florescence drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate
4.19kg, potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate 2.19kg；Maturity period drips 22.69 kg of urea in fertilising per acre, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate
10.78 kg, potash fertilizer are 5.67 kg of potassium sulfate.
Finally, the field management such as tillage and weeding ridging and epidemic prevention and control, wherein tillage and weeding ridging is potato emergence one
Timely tillage and weeding after cause carries out last time cultivation and banking before sealing ridge, guarantees that subterranean stem has 15 from sprout tuber to ground basal part of stem
The thickness of cm；Epidemic prevention and control is that 50% dimethomorph water dispersion granula and water is selected to be configured to solution by the volume of 1:600~800
It is spraying to carry out routine, it is 1 time spraying every 8 days, continuous 2 times by spraying.
After above-mentioned potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method, irrigation water using efficiency is improved, and is filled using rear field
It irrigates water-saving rate and reaches 49.35%；19.35% is improved in normal mode nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer improves 6.19%, and potash fertilizer improves 26.25%；Arable land
Utilization rate improves 7.5%；Labour productive forces' cost savings 41.17% after trickle irrigation；Pesticide dosage can save 23%, and control efficiency is significant；It produces
Amount improves 52%, and mu overall economic efficiency improves 45.97%(, and see Table 1 for details).
Embodiment 2
Test site is located at Qinghai Province, the town Ke Ke, Wulan County Xisha ditch village, demonstrates 2000 mu of area, is " the summer for examination Potato Cultivars
The wave base of a fruit ".
A kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method.It in turn includes the following steps: selection of land, site preparation, seed selection, potato seed
Processing, ridging overlay film and sowing, basal dressing, water-fertilizer integral fertigation, field management；Wherein,
Selection is without the obvious gradient, the gentle soil of topography first；Site preparation Shi Quantian operation can not retain root stubble, rotary tillage before sowing
Soil, tilling depth 20cm smash root stubble, clod, it is desirable that ground grading is thin, and soil is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, reaches state to be broadcast；Selection meets horse
The high-quality virus-free seed potato of bell potato Xia Bodi breed standard.
Then, potato seed is subjected to dicing treatment, dries potato seed one week, prepares two cutters, cutter when cutting potato wedge is used
Potassium permanganate and water by 1:2500 proportional arrangement at liquor potassic permanganate in sterilize, one that cutter cut 3 potato seed rotations is primary,
Wheel tool changing, which is put into liquor potassic permanganate, to be sterilized, each potato wedge weight 40g, it is ensured that each potato wedge has 1 bud eye；Again to potato seed
Seed dressing disinfection treatment is carried out, with 0.3% carbendazim of potato seed weight or 0.1% metalaxyl of potato seed weight or without saline and alkaline
The seed dressing of plant plait wood ash, and airing 8 hours or more are sowed again；Mid or late April ridging mulch sowing, high 25 cm in ridge, row spacing
90 cm, cover width are the black mulch film of 120 cm, and punching sowing, application rate is 220 kgs/acre, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows is
28cm, 2 rows of every ridge plantation, 4600 plants per acre of final singling density；It is applied in potato sowing, 3.89 kg of nitrogen fertilizer application is per acre with N shape
Formula indicates, 1.25 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 1.45 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates, applies organic commercial fertilizer 190
kg；Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea 9.05kg when being wherein embodied, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate 5.42kg, potash fertilizer is 2.95 kg of potassium sulfate, quotient
Product organic fertilizer are as follows: N 2%, P2O52%, K2O2%, organic matter >=35%, living bacteria count 5 × 107A/g, moisture≤20% it is commercially available
190 kg of commercial fertilizer.
Again, cooperate trickle irrigation in the time of infertility liquid manure of potato, first dripping irrigation water 30min every time of each breeding time；Then, it presses
It is added after 4.5 kg water-soluble fertilizers are diluted to liquid fertilizer according to every cube of water and carries out trickle irrigation；It is dripped again after final liquid fertilizer trickle irrigation is complete
Pour water 30min.Wherein, each breeding time dripping irrigation water are as follows: seedling stage dripping irrigation water 2 times, each trickle irrigation water is 442 m3/hm2；Group's phase
Dripping irrigation water 3 times, each trickle irrigation water is 503 m3/hm2；Florescence dripping irrigation water 4 times, each trickle irrigation water is 525m3/hm2；At
Ripe phase dripping irrigation water 3 times, each dripping irrigation water water are 463m3/hm2.Each breeding time drop fertilising are as follows: group's phase drips nitrogen fertilizer application per acre
0.93kg is indicated in the form of N, 0.54 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 0.43 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates；Florescence is every
5.04 kg of nitrogen fertilizer application is indicated mu drop in the form of N, 2.08 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 1.46 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form table
Show；Drip that nitrogen fertilizer application 12.35kg is indicated in the form of N, phosphate fertilizer 5.13kg is with P the maturity period per acre2O5Form indicate, 3.86 kg of potash fertilizer with
K2O form indicates.It is urea 2.56kg that group's phase drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre in specific implementation process, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate
1.25kg, potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate 0.85kg；It is 9.25 kg of urea that florescence drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre, and phosphate fertilizer is phosphoric acid one
Ammonium 4.68kg, potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate 2.62kg；Maturity period drips urea 23.15kg in fertilising per acre, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate
11.58 kg, potash fertilizer are 6.28 kg of potassium sulfate.
Finally, the field management such as tillage and weeding ridging and epidemic prevention and control, wherein tillage and weeding ridging is potato emergence one
Timely tillage and weeding after cause carries out last time cultivation and banking before sealing ridge, guarantees that subterranean stem has 15 from sprout tuber to ground basal part of stem
The thickness of cm；Epidemic prevention and control is to select 72% Propamocarb aqua and water to be configured to solution by the volume of 1:800 to carry out routine by spraying,
It is 1 time spraying every 6 days, continuous 2 times by spraying.
After above-mentioned potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method, irrigation water using efficiency is improved, and is filled using rear field
It irrigates water-saving rate and reaches 48.98%；18.35% is improved in normal mode nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer improves 6.01%, and potash fertilizer improves 24.25%；Arable land
Utilization rate improves 6.5%；Labour productive forces' cost savings 35.29% after trickle irrigation；Pesticide dosage can save 18%, and control efficiency is significant；It produces
Amount improves 40%, and mu overall economic efficiency improves 37.29%(, and see Table 1 for details).
Embodiment 3
Test site is located at Qinghai Province, the town Ke Ke, Wulan County Xisha ditch village, demonstrates 2000 mu of area, is " the summer for examination Potato Cultivars
The wave base of a fruit ".
A kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method.It in turn includes the following steps: selection of land, site preparation, seed selection, potato seed
Processing, ridging overlay film and sowing, basal dressing, water-fertilizer integral fertigation, field management；Wherein,
Selection is without the obvious gradient, the gentle soil of topography first；Site preparation Shi Quantian operation can not retain root stubble, rotary tillage before sowing
Soil, tilling depth 28cm smash root stubble, clod, it is desirable that ground grading is thin, and soil is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, reaches state to be broadcast；Selection meets horse
The high-quality virus-free seed potato of bell potato Xia Bodi breed standard.
Then, potato seed is subjected to dicing treatment, dries potato seed one week, prepares two cutters, cutter when cutting potato wedge is used
Potassium permanganate and water by 1:2500 proportional arrangement at liquor potassic permanganate in sterilize, one that cutter cut 4 potato seed rotations is primary,
Wheel tool changing, which is put into liquor potassic permanganate, to be sterilized, each potato wedge weight 45g, it is ensured that each potato wedge has 1 bud eye；Again to potato seed
Seed dressing disinfection treatment is carried out, with 0.3% carbendazim of potato seed weight or 0.1% metalaxyl of potato seed weight or without saline and alkaline
The seed dressing of plant plait wood ash, and airing 8 hours or more are sowed again；Mid or late April ridging mulch sowing, high 25 cm in ridge, row spacing
90 cm, cover width are the black mulch film of 120 cm, and punching sowing, application rate is 220 kgs/acre, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows is
26cm, 2 rows of every ridge plantation, 4600 plants per acre of final singling density；It is applied in potato sowing, 5.12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer application is per acre with N shape
Formula indicates, 3.02 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 1.94 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates, applies organic commercial fertilizer 220
kg；Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea 9.85kg when being wherein embodied, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate 6.56kg, potash fertilizer is 3.41 kg of potassium sulfate, quotient
Product organic fertilizer are as follows: N 2%, P2O52%, K2O2%, organic matter >=35%, living bacteria count 5 × 107A/g, moisture≤20% it is commercially available
220 kg of commercial fertilizer.
Again, cooperate trickle irrigation in the time of infertility liquid manure of potato, first dripping irrigation water 30min every time of each breeding time；Then, it presses
It is added after 5 kg water-soluble fertilizers are diluted to liquid fertilizer according to every cube of water and carries out trickle irrigation；Trickle irrigation again after final liquid fertilizer trickle irrigation is complete
Water 30min.Wherein, each breeding time dripping irrigation water are as follows: seedling stage dripping irrigation water 2 times, each trickle irrigation water is 465 m3/hm2；Group phase drop
It pours water 3 times, each trickle irrigation water is 525 m3/hm2；Florescence dripping irrigation water 4 times, each trickle irrigation water is 555 m3/hm2；It is mature
Phase dripping irrigation water 3 times, each dripping irrigation water water is 495 m3/hm2.Each breeding time drop fertilising are as follows: group's phase drips nitrogen fertilizer application per acre
1.65kg is indicated in the form of N, 0.72 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 0.58 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates；Florescence is every
5.56 kg of nitrogen fertilizer application is indicated mu drop in the form of N, 2.67 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 1.68 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form table
Show；Drip that nitrogen fertilizer application 13.12kg is indicated in the form of N, phosphate fertilizer 5.67kg is with P the maturity period per acre2O5Form indicate, 4.26 kg of potash fertilizer with
K2O form indicates.It is urea 3.17kg that group's phase drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre in specific implementation process, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate
1.56kg, potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate 1.02kg；It is 10.69 kg of urea that florescence drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre, and phosphate fertilizer is phosphoric acid one
Ammonium 5.80kg, potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate 2.95kg；Maturity period drips 25.23 kg of urea in fertilising per acre, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate
12.33 kg, potash fertilizer are 7.47 kg of potassium sulfate.
Finally, the field management such as tillage and weeding ridging and epidemic prevention and control, wherein tillage and weeding ridging is potato emergence one
Timely tillage and weeding after cause carries out last time cultivation and banking before sealing ridge, guarantees that subterranean stem has 15 from sprout tuber to ground basal part of stem
The thickness of cm；The fluorine bacterium Propamocarb suspending agent and water that epidemic prevention and control is selection 687.5g/L are configured to solution by the volume of 1:600
It is spraying to carry out routine, it is 1 time spraying every 7 days, continuous 3 times by spraying.
After above-mentioned potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method, irrigation water using efficiency is improved, and is filled using rear field
It irrigates water-saving rate and reaches 48.05%；17.72% is improved in normal mode nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer improves 5.51%, and potash fertilizer improves 21.95%；Arable land
Utilization rate improves 6%；Labour productive forces' cost savings 29.41% after trickle irrigation；Pesticide dosage can save 15%, and control efficiency is significant；Yield
25% is improved, mu overall economic efficiency improves 24.93%(, and see Table 1 for details).
Embodiment 4
Test site is located at Qinghai Province, the town Ke Ke, Wulan County Xisha ditch village, demonstrates 2000 mu of area, is " the summer for examination Potato Cultivars
The wave base of a fruit ".
A kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method.It in turn includes the following steps: selection of land, site preparation, seed selection, potato seed
Processing, ridging overlay film and sowing, basal dressing, water-fertilizer integral fertigation, field management；Wherein,
Selection is without the obvious gradient, the gentle soil of topography first；Site preparation Shi Quantian operation can not retain root stubble, rotary tillage before sowing
Soil, tilling depth 30cm smash root stubble, clod, it is desirable that ground grading is thin, and soil is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, reaches state to be broadcast；Selection meets horse
The high-quality virus-free seed potato of bell potato Xia Bodi breed standard.
Then, potato seed is subjected to dicing treatment, dries potato seed one week, prepares two cutters, cutter when cutting potato wedge is used
Potassium permanganate and water by 1:2500 proportional arrangement at liquor potassic permanganate in sterilize, one that cutter cut 5 potato seed rotations is primary,
Wheel tool changing, which is put into liquor potassic permanganate, to be sterilized, each potato wedge weight 50g, it is ensured that each potato wedge has 2 bud eyes；Again to potato seed
Seed dressing disinfection treatment is carried out, with 0.3% carbendazim of potato seed weight or 0.1% metalaxyl of potato seed weight or without saline and alkaline
The seed dressing of plant plait wood ash, and airing 8 hours or more are sowed again；Mid or late April ridging mulch sowing, high 25 cm in ridge, row spacing
90 cm, cover width are the black mulch film of 120 cm, and punching sowing, application rate is 220 kgs/acre, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows is
25cm, 2 rows of every ridge plantation, 4600 plants per acre of final singling density；It is applied in potato sowing, 3.25 kg of nitrogen fertilizer application is per acre with N shape
Formula indicates, 1.65 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, potash fertilizer 0.98kg is with K2O form indicates, applies organic commercial fertilizer 180
kg；Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea 6.25kg when being wherein embodied, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate 3.58kg, potash fertilizer is 1.72 kg of potassium sulfate, quotient
Product organic fertilizer are as follows: N 2%, P2O52%, K2O2%, organic matter >=35%, living bacteria count 5 × 107A/g, moisture≤20% it is commercially available
180 kg of commercial fertilizer.
Again, cooperate trickle irrigation in the time of infertility liquid manure of potato, first dripping irrigation water 30min every time of each breeding time；Then, it presses
It is added after 3 kg water-soluble fertilizers are diluted to liquid fertilizer according to every cube of water and carries out trickle irrigation；Trickle irrigation again after final liquid fertilizer trickle irrigation is complete
Water 30min.Wherein, each breeding time dripping irrigation water are as follows: seedling stage dripping irrigation water 2 times, each trickle irrigation water is 395 m3/hm2；Group phase drop
It pours water 3 times, each trickle irrigation water is 455 m3/hm2；Florescence dripping irrigation water 4 times, each trickle irrigation water is 485 m3/hm2；It is mature
Phase dripping irrigation water 3 times, each dripping irrigation water water is 425 m3/hm2.Each breeding time drop fertilising are as follows: group's phase drips nitrogen fertilizer application per acre
0.85kg is indicated in the form of N, 0.25 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 0.15 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates；Florescence is every
Nitrogen fertilizer application 3.45kg is indicated mu drop in the form of N, 1.45 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 1.05 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form table
Show；Drip that nitrogen fertilizer application 10.25kg is indicated in the form of N, phosphate fertilizer 3.15kg is with P the maturity period per acre2O5Form indicate, 2.15 kg of potash fertilizer with
K2O form indicates.It is urea 1.63kg that group's phase drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre in specific implementation process, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate
0.54kg, potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate 0.26kg；It is 6.63 kg of urea that florescence drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre, and phosphate fertilizer is phosphoric acid one
Ammonium 3.15kg, potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate 1.84kg；Maturity period drips 19.71 kg of urea in fertilising per acre, and phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate
6.85 kg, potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate 3.77kg.
Finally, the field management such as tillage and weeding ridging and epidemic prevention and control, wherein tillage and weeding ridging is potato emergence one
Timely tillage and weeding after cause carries out last time cultivation and banking before sealing ridge, guarantees that subterranean stem has 15 from sprout tuber to ground basal part of stem
The thickness of cm；Epidemic prevention and control is that the cyazofamid suspending agent for selecting 5% and water are configured to solution by the volume of 1:1500 and carry out conventional spray
Mist, it is 1 time spraying every 10 days, continuous 2 times by spraying.
After above-mentioned potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method, irrigation water using efficiency is improved, and is filled using rear field
It irrigates water-saving rate and reaches 47.37%；16.61% is improved in normal mode nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer improves 5.15%, and potash fertilizer improves 20.37%；Arable land
Utilization rate improves 5.5%；Labour productive forces' cost savings 23.53% after trickle irrigation；Pesticide dosage can save 10%, and control efficiency is significant；It produces
Amount improves 14.75%, and mu overall economic efficiency improves 9.37%(, and see Table 1 for details).
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.It is all within the principle of the present invention, it is made it is any modification, etc.
With replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method, in turn includes the following steps: selection of land, site preparation, seed selection, at potato seed
Reason, basal dressing, ridging overlay film and sowing, water-fertilizer integral fertigation, field management, which is characterized in that wherein,
The potato seed processing is stripping and slicing and seed dressing disinfection；
The basal dressing be applied in potato sowing, per acre 3.25~5.12kg of nitrogen fertilizer application indicated in the form of N, phosphate fertilizer 1.65
~3.02kg is with P2O5Form indicates, 0.98~1.94 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates, applies organic commercial fertilizer 180~220
kg；
The water-fertilizer integral fertigation are as follows: cooperate trickle irrigation in the time of infertility liquid manure of potato, each breeding time first drips every time
Pour water 30min；Then, it is added after 3~5 kg water-soluble fertilizers are diluted to liquid fertilizer according to every cube of water and carries out trickle irrigation；Finally,
Dripping irrigation water 30min again after the completion of liquid fertilizer trickle irrigation.
2. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the choosing
Kind: selection meets the high-quality virus-free seed potato of potato Xia Bodi breed standard.
3. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the potato seed
Processing stripping and slicing is to prepare two cutters, the cutter potassium permanganate and water when cutting potato wedge are by 1 sunning potato seed one week before broadcasting:
2500 proportional arrangements at liquor potassic permanganate in sterilize, one that cutter cut 3~5 potato seed rotations is primary, and wheel tool changing is put into height
It is sterilized in potassium manganate solution, 30~50g of each potato wedge weight, it is ensured that each potato wedge has 1~2 bud eye.
4. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the kind
Potato processing seed dressing disinfection: with 0.3% carbendazim of potato seed weight or 0.1% metalaxyl of potato seed weight or without saline and alkaline plant
The seed dressing of object plant ash, and airing 8 hours or more are sowed again.
5. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ridging
Overlay film and sowing: the sowing time is mid or late April, firstly, ridging overlay film, high 25 cm in ridge, 90 cm of row spacing, cover width are
The black mulch film of 120 cm；Then punching sowing, application rate are 220 kgs/acre, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows is 25~30cm, every ridge
Plant 2 rows, 4600 plants per acre of final singling density.
6. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described applies
Be 6.25~9.85kg of urea with nitrogenous fertilizer in base manure, phosphate fertilizer is 3.58~6.56kg of monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer be potassium sulfate 1.72~
3.41kg。
7. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described applies
With organic commercial fertilizer in base manure are as follows: N 2%, P2O52%, K2O2%, organic matter >=35%, living bacteria count 5 × 107A/g, moisture≤
20% commercial goods fertilizer.
8. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the liquid manure
Integrated drop irrigation fertilising, wherein each breeding time dripping irrigation water are as follows: seedling stage dripping irrigation water 2 times, each trickle irrigation water is 395~465 m3/
hm2；Group phase dripping irrigation water 3 times, each trickle irrigation water are 455~525 m3/hm2；Florescence dripping irrigation water 4 times, each trickle irrigation water
For 485~555 m3/hm2；Maturity period dripping irrigation water 3 times, each dripping irrigation water water is 425~495 m3/hm2；Wherein each breeding time
Drop fertilising are as follows: group's phase drips that 0.85~1.65kg of nitrogen fertilizer application is indicated in the form of N, 0.25~0.72 kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P per acre2O5Shape
Formula indicates, 0.15~0.58 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates；Florescence drips 3.45~5.56kg of nitrogen fertilizer application in the form of N per acre
It indicates, 1.45~2.67kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicates, 1.05~1.68 kg of potash fertilizer is with K2O form indicates；Maturity period is per acre
10.25~13.12kg of nitrogen fertilizer application is indicated drop in the form of N, 3.15~5.67kg of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Form indicate, potash fertilizer 2.15~
4.26 kg are with K2O form indicates.
9. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that each life
Educate the phase drop fertilising are as follows: group the phase drip per acre fertilising in nitrogenous fertilizer be 1.63~3.17kg of urea, phosphate fertilizer for monoammonium phosphate 0.54~
1.56kg, potash fertilizer are 0.26~1.02kg of potassium sulfate；It is 6.63~10.69kg of urea that florescence drips nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilising per acre,
Phosphate fertilizer is 3.15~5.80kg of monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer is 1.84~2.95kg of potassium sulfate；Maturity period drips urea in fertilising per acre
19.71~25.23 kg, phosphate fertilizer is 6.85~12.33kg of monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer is 3.77~7.47 kg of potassium sulfate.
10. a kind of potato production integrated drop irrigation cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the field
Between management be tillage and weeding ridging and epidemic prevention and control, wherein tillage and weeding ridging is that intertillage in time removes after potato emergence is consistent
Grass carries out last time cultivation and banking before sealing ridge, guarantees that subterranean stem has the thickness of 15 cm from sprout tuber to ground basal part of stem；Epidemic disease
Prevention and treatment is to select 50% dimethomorph water dispersion granula and water by the volume of 1:600~800 to be configured to solution or with 72% Propamocarb
Aqua and water are configured to solution by the volume of 1:800, or with the fluorine bacterium Propamocarb suspending agent and water of 687.5g/L by 1:600's
Volume is configured to solution, or is configured to solution by the volume of 1:1500 with 5% cyazofamid suspending agent and water and carries out routine by spraying,
Spraying 1 time every 7~10 days, continuously by spraying 2~3 times.
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| CN115152553A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-10-11 | 宿迁市宿豫区农业技术推广中心 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for sweet potatoes |
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