RU2767078C1 - Method for cultivating pumpkin crops with drop irrigation in the zone of light chestnut soils of the northern caspian sea region applying growth stimulators - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes treatment of the leaves 3 times per growing season - in the stage of true leaves, flowering, fruit formation, with Megafol, Vitazyme agents, manual seeding, application of mineral fertilisers with irrigation water by drop irrigation. In October, after harvesting the predecessor – spring barley, primary tillage by MTZ-1021 + PLN-4-35 is performed with subsoil ploughing to a depth of 22 to 24 cm. In the spring, at the onset of physical ripeness, harrowing is performed with toothed harrows of S-11+BZT-1 in two tracks. In the early spring, cold-resistant weeds are destroyed by ripping the top layer to a depth of 2 to 3 cm while moving the toothed harrows across the ploughing, and thermophilic weeds, at a temperature of the soil in the layer of 8 to 10 cm no lower than +14 to +16°C, are mechanically eliminated by moving the toothed harrows diagonally-crosswise. The soil is rammed after sowing, seedlings are loosened with cultivator shovels of MTZ-1021 + KPS-5 to a depth of 8 to 10 cm. When a soil cap is formed after rains, harrowing is performed with a soil reduction in the depth of subsequent cultivations up to 6-8 cm. The seeds are planted to a depth of 7 to 8 cm with row spacing of 280 cm. The soil is rammed after sowing, vegetation irrigation is conducted with 150 m³/ha of irrigation water. In the growing season, mineral fertilisers are applied fractionally at a dose of N₁₁₀P₁₁₀K₈₀ with the irrigation water by drop irrigation. Ammonium nitrate is introduced with the irrigation water as an additional fertiliser. Foliar treatments are performed with a rod sprayer ONSh-600 with a consumption of agents as for the application rate: Megafol - 0.5 l ha, Vitazyme - 1.0 l/ha in the stage of true leaves, flowering, fruit formation.

EFFECT: method comprehensively provides plants with trace elements throughout the entire growing season when applying additional foliar fertilising with Megafol and Vitazyme agent.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used as a basic element in a resource-saving technology for the cultivation of pumpkin crops with drip irrigation.

A known method of vegetative top dressing of crops under irrigation. The presented method of vegetative top dressing using bischofite natural mineral brine (formula MgCl ₂ 6H ₂ O) of irrigated crops includes periodic irrigation using sprinklers with low-volume sprinkling in the wetting-drying mode at a rate of fertilizer solution consumption per wetting of 2-10 m / ha and duration of the drying period 8-12 min. depending on meteorological conditions with a repetition of the wetting-drying cycle in subsequent stages of plant development. The method of vegetative top dressing of irrigated agricultural crops (vegetables, cereals). Patent for invention No. 2208925. А01С 021/00. Application No. 2001123789/13. Rogachev A.F., Saldaev A.M., Kasibina E.G., Skeeter N.N. The disadvantages of this method is the lack of effectiveness of the drug used. In the mixture of bischofite brine, an additional adhesive solution is used, which includes starch, borax and caustic soda, which does not fully ensure the full nutrition of cultivated plants.

A known method of stimulating the development, growth and productivity of plants. The presented method uses a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of the green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells/ml and nutrient medium in a ratio of 1:1. In this method, seeds are germinated (plants of the family: pumpkin, solanaceous, etc. are used as plants) in this environment, root treatment during hydroponic cultivation, when plants are planted in the ground, periodic watering is carried out throughout the entire vegetation cycle, and so or periodic sheet processing. A method for stimulating the development, growth and productivity of plants. Patent for invention No. 2448453. A01G 1/00 (2006.01), A01N 65/00 (2009.01). Application 20101446339/13. 11/02/2010. Kunitsyn M.V.

The disadvantage of this method is, first of all, the insufficient microelement component, which does not fully ensure a sufficiently high yield of the products obtained. This method does not contribute to increasing yields, but has only a positive effect on the energy of seed germination, growth and survival of plants.

The use directly in the claimed method of foliar feeding of pumpkin varieties provides a growth-regulating effect on vegetative pumpkin plants, while providing a sufficiently high percentage of marketable output under drip irrigation.

A known method of vegetative fertilizing irrigated melons. The presented method of vegetative top dressing is an analogue of the Patent for Invention No. 2208925. А01С 021/00. - Application No. 2001123789/13. Rogachev A.F., Saldaev A.M., Kasibina E.G., Skeeter N.N. In this method, top dressing is carried out with a wide field sprayer using a brine of the natural mineral bischofite (formula MgCl ₂ 6H ₂ O).

This method was adopted by us as the closest analogue.

The disadvantage of the presented method is the insufficient mineral nutrition of plants and the length of the drying period, which will not provide a balanced composition of trace elements in the final product.

In the claimed invention, the processing of pumpkin varieties is carried out three times during the growing season against the background of various norms of mineral fertilizers (N ₆₀ P ₆₀ K ₄₀ , N ₁₁₀ P ₁₁₀ K ₈₀ ) in combination with foliar (leaf) treatments with Megafol and Vitazim preparations): in the shatrik phase , flowering, fruit formation, according to the recommended standards from the commodity producer. The use of leaf treatments is aimed not only at improving mineral nutrition, but also at increasing yields, with a sufficiently high yield of marketable products.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The method of cultivating various varieties of pumpkin, preferably in the zone of light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian, includes the consistent implementation of generally accepted agrotechnological methods: autumn plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm, using a PLN-4-35 plow. Spring tillage as the physical maturation of the soil is carried out to a depth of 22-24 cm with a plow PLN-4-35. The closure of spring moisture and the simultaneous leveling of the field surface were carried out with heavy toothed harrows along the diagonal of the site. Also, 2 cultivations were carried out with the KPS-5 cultivator. The day before sowing, they were treated with a milling cutter F-200 + MTZ-1021. After that, drip tapes were laid out with a row spacing of 2.8 m, according to the planting pattern. Mineral fertilizers double superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied as the main fertilizer, ammonium nitrate was applied as top dressing with irrigation water in the flowering phase and in the fruiting phase by fertigation.

EFFECT: integrated provision of plants with microelements during the entire growing season when using foliar dressings with Megafol and Vitazim preparations.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of growing pumpkin crops in the conditions of the Northern Caspian Sea with the use of growth stimulants, including leaf processing 3 times during the growing season - in the shatrik phase, flowering, fruit formation with Megafol, Vitazim preparations. In autumn, in October, after harvesting the predecessor - spring barley, the main tillage of the soil MTZ-1021 + PLN-4-35 is carried out with a soil deepening of 22-24 cm. , cold-resistant weeds are destroyed by loosening the upper layer with tine harrows to a depth of 2-3 cm across plowing in the early spring, and heat-loving weeds at a soil temperature in the 8-10 cm layer not lower than + 14 + 16 ° C are mechanically eliminated by moving the tine harrows diagonally-cross direction. Sowing is carried out manually to a depth of 7-8 cm and a row spacing of 280 cm, after which the crops are rolled. The cultivator legs loosen the seedlings of MTZ-1021 + KPS-5 to a depth of 8-10 cm. When a soil crust forms after rains, harrowing is carried out with a soil decrease in the depth of subsequent cultivations to 6-8 cm. During the growing season, mineral fertilizers are fractionally applied with a dose of N ₁₁₀ P ₁₁₀ K ₈₀ with irrigation water by drip irrigation, ammonium nitrate is applied as top dressing with irrigation water, foliar treatments are carried out with a boom sprayer ONSH - 600 with the consumption of drugs per hectare rate: Megafol - 0.5 l / ha, Vitazim - 1.0 l /ha in the shatrik phase, flowering, fruit formation to obtain a stable yield of 40 t/ha.

The problem is solved by the fact that for the first time in the conditions of light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian region, the influence of foliar treatments with growth stimulants against the background of mineral fertilizers under drip irrigation on the yield of various pumpkin varieties was studied.

Object and material of study Object of study: pumpkin varieties Baba Marfa, Druzhelyubiya, Kroshka. Study material: Megafol is a complex mineral fertilizer, produced from plant amino acids and additional elements. It belongs to the group of growth stimulants and anti-stress supplements. Most of the components of the drug are obtained by hydrolytic cleavage of plant enzymes, so the drug is completely safe for plants. Under its influence, plants concentrate the energy they receive on the production of crops, and also receive additional protection from adverse environmental factors. The use of fertilizer in combination with many herbicides gives a synergistic effect. Megafol enhances the effect of pesticides against weeds, but at the same time protects the crops themselves from the action of drugs. Vitazim is a non-toxic and environmentally friendly product. This is a new generation of modern biostimulants, which are a breakthrough in modern agriculture. Application methods: drip irrigation, foliar top dressing, tillage, seed and seedling treatment.

The use of the proposed methods will increase the yield of pumpkin crops, accelerate their growth and development for the conditions of light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian Sea.

The task of our research was to determine the economically valuable traits and yields of various pumpkin varieties cultivated against the background of different norms of mineral fertilizers (N ₆₀ P ₆₀ K ₄₀ , N ₁₁₀ P ₁₁₀ K ₈₀ ) in combination with foliar (leaf) treatments with Megafol and Vitazim preparations: in the phase of tent, flowering, fruit formation, according to the recommended standards from the commodity producer.

On average, during the growing season pumpkins were irrigated 30 times with an irrigation rate of 150 m ³ /ha. Irrigation water in this case amounted to 4573.0 m ³ /ha. The moisture consumed from the soil during the growing season was 26.3 mm or 263.0 m ³ /ha. Total water consumption 6095 m ³ /ha table 1 (see appendix). The humidity of the active soil layer is maintained at the level of 70% HB - before the formation of the ovary, 80 ... 85% HB - in the phase of formation of the ovary and fruit formation, 70% HB - in the ripening phase.

The coefficient of water consumption of pumpkin varieties varied depending on the total water consumption during the growing season and the yield obtained in the study. So, according to the results of the research, two varieties of pumpkin were distinguished, which more economically spent water on the formation of marketable products, such as: Friendly (Fig. 1) and Baba Marfa (Fig. 2).

The results presented in Table 2 (see Appendix) show the high efficiency of the combined use of growth stimulants and various levels of mineral nutrition in the formation of marketable products of various pumpkin varieties, which significantly affected the water consumption coefficient of the studied crop.

On average for 2016-2018, the Baba Marfa variety turned out to be a highly productive pumpkin variety. The indicators of the water consumption coefficient for this variety corresponded to the indicators from 100.9 to 273.3 m ³ /t, while the yield according to the study options varied from 22.3 to 60.4 t/ha.

According to the results of the current year, the least water consumption for the formation of marketable products fell on variants N ₁₁₀ P ₁₀₅ K ₇₅ + Vitazim in the pumpkin varieties Druzhelyubnaya and Baba Marfa.

When analyzing the yield of pumpkin varieties, the most high-yielding variant was identified with the background application of N ₁₁₀ P ₁₀₅ K ₈₀ + Vitazim for all studied varieties. Particularly high-yielding varieties in this variant were the pumpkin variety Druzhelyubnaya with a commercial yield of 42.8 t/ha and Baba Marfa with a commercial yield of 60.4 t/ha. With such yield values, the average fruit weight varied from 5461 to 5470 g (Table 3 - see Appendix).

The results of the economic analysis of the cultivation of various pumpkin varieties with drip irrigation, both in the control variant and in different treatment options, revealed that of the three studied samples, the pumpkin variety Kroshka turned out to be with low yields and low economic indicators (Table 4 - see Appendix ).

High yields for the entire period of the studies were obtained on the variant using the variant N ₁₁₀ P ₁₀₅ K ₇₅ + Vitazim in the pumpkin variety Baba Marfa 60.4 t/ha. At the same time, the total production costs amounted to 473298.0 rubles / ha, the cost price was 7426.5 rubles / ton. The cost of sold products was 1,510,000.0 rubles/ha, the net income per 1 ha was 1,061,442.0 rubles, per 1 ton 17,573.5 rubles, production profitability 236.6%, economic efficiency 3.4 rubles/r . investment costs (table 4).

Claims (1)

The method of cultivation of various varieties of pumpkin in the zone of light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian Sea with the use of growth stimulants, including leaf processing 3 times during the growing season - in the shatrik phase, flowering, fruit formation with Megafol, Vitazim preparations, sowing seeds manually, applying mineral fertilizers with irrigation water by drip irrigation , characterized in that in October, after harvesting the predecessor - spring barley, the main tillage is carried out MTZ-1021 + PLN-4-35 with a soil deepening of 22-24 cm; in the spring, at the onset of physical ripeness, harrowing is carried out with C-11 + BZT-1 tooth harrows in two tracks; in the early spring period, cold-resistant weeds are destroyed by loosening the upper layer to a depth of 2-3 cm when moving tooth harrows across plowing, and heat-loving weeds at a soil temperature in a layer of 8-10 cm not lower than +14 - +16 ° C are mechanically eliminated by moving tooth harrows diagonally in a cross direction, soil rolling is carried out after sowing, seedlings are loosened with cultivator legs MTZ-1021 + KPS-5 to a depth of 8-10 cm, and when a soil crust forms after rains, harrowing is carried out with a soil decrease in the depth of subsequent cultivations to 6-8 cm, embedding seeds are carried out to a depth of 7-8 cm and a row spacing of 280 cm, the soil is rolled after sowing, vegetation irrigation is carried out with irrigation water of 150 m ³ / ha, during the growing season, mineral fertilizers are fractionally applied at a dose of N ₁₁₀ P ₁₁₀ K ₈₀ with irrigation water by drip irrigation , ammonium nitrate is added as top dressing with irrigation water, foliar treatments are carried out with a boom sprayer ONSH - 600 with the consumption of drugs per hectare rate: Megafol - 0.5 l / ha, Vitazim - 1.0 l / ha in the phase of tent, flowering, fruit formation.

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