CN107821077A - A kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN107821077A CN107821077A CN201711350448.6A CN201711350448A CN107821077A CN 107821077 A CN107821077 A CN 107821077A CN 201711350448 A CN201711350448 A CN 201711350448A CN 107821077 A CN107821077 A CN 107821077A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land to adopt pattern implantation methods, comprises the following steps：A, straw-returning；B, on May 1 ~ 5 was sowed；C, irrigate：After planting regard soil moisture content and carry out underground drip irrigation；D, manage；E, on July 15 ~ 20 pinched；F, ventilate；G, accelerate the ripening；H, pluck：Early October carries out machine and adopted, and manually remainder was extractd before October 20.The present invention designs for China coastal saline-alkali cotton field, by way of it is culture fertility, appropriate evening is broadcast, water-fertilizer integral and special management method are combined, realize coastal saline-alkali cotton field yield and the double effects received of quality, kind of a cotton income is significantly improved, a kind of effective approach is provided to solve the conspicuous contradiction of Cotton in China plantation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land adopts pattern
Implantation methods.
Background technology
Cotton is important industrial crops, and critical role is occupied in Chinese national economy.Cotton in China production exists all
More contradictions：First, 70,000,000 mu or so of sown areas of cotton, 6,500,000 tons or so of total yield, and China's cotton spinning enterprise is to the average annual of cotton
About 10,000,000 tons of demand, China's textile manufacturing largely relies on import；2nd, with social development, it is increasingly sharp that grain and cotton strives ground contradiction
Sharp, sown areas of cotton face the risk of further atrophy；3rd, Cotton in China is by artificial harvesting, and cost is far above foreign countries
Production cost, and machine pick cotton is because blow-of-cottons are concentrated, cause excessively to accelerate the ripening disleave so as to influence quality；4th, as people are to thing
The raising that matter life requires, the quality of Cotton in China production are constantly expanding with market demand gap, regularity and maturity one
Cause property is poor, and Raw cotton production is low-end, causes China's raw cotton purchasing price low, and huge stocks, influences cotton grower and plants cotton enthusiasm,
Aggravate the degree of dependence of textile manufacturing material inlet simultaneously.Therefore how effectively to realize Cotton in China production capacity, plant cotton purpose, weaving
It is the pressing issues that the sustainable development of Cotton in China industry is badly in need of solving with cotton " three amounts increase together ".
China's coastal saline-alkali acreage under cotton is wide, and cotton has compared with the obvious Salt And Alkali Tolerance characteristic of other field crops,
Therefore China coastal saline-alkali cotton field unit yield is improved, high-end raw cotton mechanized harvest is realized, is advantageous to significantly improve strand salt
Plant cotton benefit alkali, expand and plant cotton area, this is that effective grain and cotton of alleviating strives ground contradiction, crack Cotton in China production capacity, plant cotton purpose,
The effective way of weaving cotton " three amounts subtract together " problem.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land to adopt pattern implantation methods, existing to solve
The problem of coastal saline-alkali cotton field cotton yield and relatively low quality.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land adopts pattern
Implantation methods, comprise the following steps：
A, straw-returning：By the straw chopping and returning of preceding crop, while farm manure 4000~5,000,000 gram/acre are increased,
Mixed using rotary cultivator rotary tillage；
B, on May 1~5 was sowed：Kind is opened from the cotton variety that breeding time is 125~130 days, and using wide-and narrow-row
The mode of cunette is sowed, and fertilising drip irrigation ditch is opened between wide row, and ditch depth is not less than 20 centimetres, under-film drip irrigation is laid in ditch
System, sowing, fertilising and drip irrigation zone carry out covering with ground sheeting after laying to kind of cunette and fertilising drip irrigation ditch；
C, irrigate：After planting regard soil moisture content and carry out underground drip irrigation, it is desirable to which water-mineralizing degree is less than 2.6 g/l, irrigates effect
Fruit reaches 68%~70% for after planting 0~10 cm layer of soil field capacity, and the cm layer of soil field capacity of seedling stage 0~20 is protected
70%~72% is held, flower bud phase and the cm layer of soil field capacity of florescence 0~20 keep 62%~65%；
D, manage：Windproof thinning in time after cotton emergence, density of reserved seedlings are 6000 plants/acre；25~30 are pressed depending on growing way seedling stage
Ten thousand times of dilution hymexazols, 30~400,000 times of dilution brassin lactones and 80~1,000,000 times dilute treasured of being bestowed by heaven to be applied with water droplet, flower bud phase
Treasured is bestowed by heaven with water droplet by 20~300,000 times of dilution hymexazols, 15~200,000 times of dilution brassin lactones and 60~800,000 times of dilutions
Apply, the florescence by 15~200,000 times of dilution hymexazols, 10~150,000 times of dilution brassin lactones, 50~700,000 times of dilutions be bestowed by heaven it is precious with
And 60~800,000 times of dilution potassium dihydrogen phosphates are applied with water droplet；
E, on July 15~20 pinched：Physical property in advance but does not beat " push up greatly ", specially by stem leaf fall four leaves and
Above section is all destroyed, and ensures 8 fruit branches, and extracts the part that fruit branch is higher than stem；
F, ventilate：Breather pipe is laid after topping between narrow row, gather passage on breather pipe, and breather pipe is of length no more than
150 meters or no more than 300 meters breather pipe two set air blower；
G, accelerate the ripening：September carries out first time ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid for 12~15 and accelerated the ripening, and dosage is 50 grams/acre；September 22~25
Carry out second of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid to accelerate the ripening disleave, dosage is 100 grams/acre；Remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe cotton field dosage is 150 grams/acre, while matches somebody with somebody and apply Thidiazuron
Disleave is carried out, dosage is 80 grams/acre；
H, pluck：Early October carries out machine and adopted, and remaining cotton on cotton branch was manually plucked before October 20.Cotton picker
Using aspirated-air type, store up and sell link and pay attention to preventing " three " and other debris to be mixed into.
In step a, rotary tillage depth is 30 centimetres.
In step b, the mode of operation that wide-and narrow-row opens kind of cunette is：Open the wide row kind cunette and width that width is 60 centimetres
The narrow row kind cunette for 16 centimetres is spent, the depth for planting cunette is 5 centimetres, and thickness of earth covering is 2 centimetres；Apply fertilizer and apply urea 10 for every mu
~15 kilograms, 16~20 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 7~10 kilograms of potassium chloride, 1.2 kilogram borax and 1.5 kilograms of sulfuric acid are administered simultaneously
Zinc.
In step f, the power of air blower is 750 watts, provides power by wind energy and solar energy mixing, is operated daytime.
Stop drip irrigation during topping and carry out mepiquat chloride to regulate and control 1 time, the mepiquat chloride amount of spraying is 1.5~2.2 grams/acre；After topping
Regulate and control 1~2 time to mepiquat chloride is carried out regarding rainfall and growing way by the end of August, the mepiquat chloride amount of spraying is 3.5~4.2 grams/acre, around here, depending on length
Gesture and Boll Development situation spray the trace elements such as boron zinc, and spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate promotion leave photosynthetic ability and cotton
Bell is developed；When rainwater is more, spraying naa prevents fruit abscission rate, during serious waterlogging, carries out wide row and take off film intertillage to loosen the soil；There is morning
The trend cotton field of declining sprays 28~32 mg/litre gibberellin 1~2 time.
The beach saline land is North China strand moderate and following salt-soda soil.
The present invention for China coastal saline-alkali cotton field design, it is broadcast by culture fertility, appropriate evening, water-fertilizer integral and
The mode that special management method (beat " big top ", ventilation, accelerate the ripening by several times) is combined, realize coastal saline-alkali cotton field yield and
The double effects received of quality, significantly improve kind of a cotton income, and one kind is provided effectively to solve the conspicuous contradiction of Cotton in China plantation
Approach, suitable for China strand moderate and following alkaline land cotton plantation (nature 0-20 of lower late April cm layer of soil soil
Earth salt content is less than 5g/ kilograms).
Each step of the present invention is all linked with one another, cotton growth has been evaded " restraining the growth of seedlings " phase, while makes advance flowering period, avoids flower
Phase and the rain heat same period, not only reduce the risk that cotton meets with arid low temperature Saline Alkali Stress, and cotton boll blowing concentrate (disleave and
Blow-of-cottons efficiency reaches more than 95%), thus machine is adopted quality and greatly promoted, and effectively reduces hand labor intensity and cost, promotes
Cotton grower plants the enthusiasm of cotton, and to improving China middle and high end raw cotton production capacity and the weaving degree of self-sufficiency, it is significant to reduce stock.
Embodiment
In the state-run Haixing County farm in Cangzhou, Hebei Province Haixing County cotton field application implementation technical solution of the present invention, acreage under cotton 30
Mu.It is 4.3~5.2 g kgs that late April before implementation, which determines 0~20 cm layer of soil salt content, and preceding stubble long-term cropping is cotton
Flower.
November cotton harvesting it is complete after, straw chopping and returning, while increase 4,800,000 grams/acre of farm manure, rotary tillage (depth 30
Centimetre) mix.
May 2 was sowed.Seed selects miscellaneous No. 2 of hybrid cotton Ji (125~130 days breeding times).Seeding method is width
Row opens kind of a cunette+underground drip irrigation dressing furrow mode.Concrete mode is：60+16 centimetres of form of width behavior, 5 lis of seed ditch depth
Rice, thickness of earth covering are 2 centimetres；Fertilising drip irrigation ditch is in the ranks opened at 60 centimetres, underground drip irrigation system under film is laid in ditch, is buried deep
Spend for 20 centimetres, every mu is applied 10 kilograms of urea, 20 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 8 kilograms of potassium chloride, be administered simultaneously 1.2 kilogram borax and
1.5 kilograms of zinc sulfate.Complete to spray overlay film after butralin (1.2 liter/hectare) controlling weeds after sowing is embedded.
Pond water underground drip irrigation, water-mineralizing degree are less than 2.2 g/l, after planting start drip irrigation.When 0~10 cm layer of soil
Field capacity stops drip irrigation when reaching 70%.Windproof thinning in time after cotton emergence, final singling when cotton grows 2 true leaves, is stayed
Seedling density is 6000 plants/acre, and adjacent rows seedling strain interlocks, and is 29 centimetres per distance between rows and hills, and the spacing in the rows between narrow row is 22 centimetres；Together
Shi Huifu drip irrigations, 0~20 cm layer of soil field capacity seedling stage keep 71%, and flower bud phase and florescence keep 64%.
Seedling stage is by 260,000 times of dilution hymexazols (3- hydroxy-5-methyl bases isoxazole), 300,000 times of dilution brassin lactones and 80
Ten thousand times dilute treasured of being bestowed by heaven and are applied with water droplet, and flower bud phase is by 200,000 times of dilution hymexazols (3- hydroxy-5-methyl bases isoxazole), 180,000 times of dilutions
Brassin lactones and 650,000 times of dilutions be bestowed by heaven it is precious applied with water droplet, after June 22 entered the florescence, by 160,000 times of dilution hymexazol (3-
Hydroxy-5-methyl base isoxazole), 120,000 times of dilution brassin lactones, 550,000 times of dilutions are bestowed by heaven precious and 700,000 times of dilution biphosphates
Potassium is applied with water droplet.
On July 15~20 stopped drip irrigation when pinching, now progress control, and the mepiquat chloride amount of spraying is 1.8 grams/acre, and and
When tillage and weeding.Started topping in good time on July 16, stem leaf fallen into four leaves and above section is all destroyed, ensures 8 fruit branches,
18 end of day, and extract the part that fruit branch is higher than stem.Plastic sheeting breather pipe, Guan Zhi were laid between narrow row (16 centimetres) in 18th
Footpath is 20 centimetres, and in the left and right side of breather pipe and the intensive indwelling passage of upside fine needle, ventilation length of tube is 280 meters, is led to
Tracheae two sets air blower, 750 watts of the power of air blower, provides power by wind energy and solar energy mixing, is operated daytime,
July 19 started, and August stops on the 28th, and removes air blast and ventilation equipment.
Once, the mepiquat chloride amount of spraying is 4.0 grams/acre, and matches somebody with somebody and apply the trace elements such as boron zinc for daily use chemicals control in July 29；August is entered on the 5th
Line width row is taken off film intertillage and loosened the soil, and once, the mepiquat chloride amount of spraying is 3.6 grams/acre to the daily use chemicals control of August 14, and sprays naa and boron zinc
Deng trace element, August sprays urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate on 22nd.
September carries out first time ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid on the 12nd and accelerated the ripening, and dosage is 50 grams/acre；September carries out second of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid on the 25th and accelerated the ripening
Disleave, dosage are 100 grams/acre；Remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe cotton field dosage is 150 grams/acre, while is carried out with Thidiazuron (50% wettable powder) is applied
Disleave, dosage are 80 grams/acre.It is required that disleave and blow-of-cottons efficiency reach more than 95%.
Carry out on October 5 machine is adopted, and cotton picker uses aspirated-air type.October 16 manually extractd to remainder.Machine is adopted
It is stored separately and sells with artificial harvesting, stores up and sell link and pay attention to preventing " three " and other debris to be mixed into.Carry out afterwards
Cotton stalk crushes returning to the field and increases farm manure rotary tillage process.Other NM control measures are the same as Routine Management method.
Pattern implantation methods are adopted using the machine of the high-end raw cotton of above-mentioned beach saline land, compared with normal mode, achieved aobvious
The effect of work, it is specific as follows：
Cotton field yield significantly improves
After the machine that table 1 is indicated using the high-end raw cotton of above-mentioned beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods, cotton mu bell number and
Single boll weight and ginning outturn significantly improve, therefore unginned cotton and lint yield level significantly improve, and coastal saline soil cotton production capacity is obvious
Increase.
Output of cotton and Components under 1 different implantation methods of table
Breeding time shifts to an earlier date, and blow-of-cottons are concentrated, and the high cotton commercial value of grade significantly improves
The result of table 2 shows after adopting pattern implantation methods using the machine of the high-end raw cotton of above-mentioned beach saline land that cotton is ensureing
After cotton boll normally reaches full growth, blow-of-cottons shift to an earlier date and concentrated, and after machine is adopted and manually harvesting is stored separately, machine pick cotton flower main body grade has
Improved, therefore price improves, and significantly improves and plants cotton benefit, effectively improves and plants cotton enthusiasm.
Cotton harvesting and sale situation under 2 different implantation methods of table
Cotton harvesting recruitment and labor intensity substantially reduce
After the machine that the result of table 3 is indicated using the high-end raw cotton of above-mentioned beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods, the recruitment time
Greatly shorten, recruitment input also significantly reduces, and effectively improves cotton grower's income.
Cotton harvesting recruitment situation under 3 different implantation methods of table
Cotton fiber quality significantly improves
After the machine that the result of table 4 is indicated using the high-end raw cotton of above-mentioned beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods, high-end raw cotton
Machine adopts mode manipulator harvest part and basically reaches high quality cotton standard, disclosure satisfy that China's always high-grade weaving demand substantially.Manually adopt
Receiving portions are because the cotton harvesting phase is later, and artificial degree of participation is high, therefore impurity is mixed into increase, but account for cotton total yield ratio compared with
It is small.
Cotton quality situation (saw ginned cotton) under 4 different implantation methods of table
The present invention is promoted cotton fertility and mushrooms out development, cancelled seedling stage and " squatted early stage using technologies such as water-fertilizer integrals
Seedling ", advance flowering period 10 days or so；Promote the wider deeper extension of root system simultaneously, formed " the high prosperous seedling of pin ", ensure that the fruit branch beginning reaches
20 centimetres and bell rainy season, non-lodging phase.In addition, the present invention not only ensure that the liquid manure demand of cotton growth, and at topsoil bottom
Portion forms one " water interlayer ", and the moisture of surface evaporation comes from drip irrigation, rather than from underground water, prevents salinity table in underground water
It is poly- to influence Developmental of Cotton.
After adopting pattern implantation methods using the machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land, normal mode cotton field phase is compareed with surrounding
More obvious than, output of cotton and quality increase, cotton commercial value is obviously improved, and significantly reduce cotton harvesting labor intensity and
Cost, dramatically increase and plant cotton benefit, improve peasant and plant cotton enthusiasm.The invention, will after China's beach saline land is promoted
China's beach saline land plant cotton area and increase middle and high end raw cotton production capacity can be significantly expanded, this is to improving middle and high end weaving raw cotton certainly
To rate, it is significant to reduce raw cotton stock.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
A, straw-returning：By the straw chopping and returning of preceding crop, while farm manure 4000 ~ 5,000,000 gram/acre are increased, utilize rotation
The machine of ploughing rotary tillage mixes；
B, on May 1 ~ 5 was sowed：Kind of cunette is opened from the cotton variety that breeding time is 125 ~ 130 days, and using wide-and narrow-row
Mode is sowed, and fertilising drip irrigation ditch is opened between wide row, and ditch depth is not less than 20 centimetres, and under-film drip irrigation system is laid in ditch,
Sowing, fertilising and drip irrigation zone carry out covering with ground sheeting after laying to kind of cunette and fertilising drip irrigation ditch；
C, irrigate：After planting regard soil moisture content and carry out underground drip irrigation, it is desirable to which water-mineralizing degree is less than 2.6 g/l, and irrigation effect is
After planting 0 ~ 10 cm layer of soil field capacity reaches 68% ~ 70%, and the cm layer of soil field capacity of seedling stage 0 ~ 20 keeps 70% ~
72%, flower bud phase and the cm layer of soil field capacity of florescence 0 ~ 20 keep 62% ~ 65%；
D, manage：Cotton emergence after in time windproof thinning, depending on growing way seedling stage by 25 ~ 300,000 times dilution hymexazols, 30 ~ 400,000 times it is dilute
Release brassin lactones and 80 ~ 1,000,000 times dilute treasured of being bestowed by heaven and applied with water droplet, flower bud phase is by 20 ~ 300,000 times of dilution hymexazols, 15 ~ 20
Ten thousand times of dilution brassin lactones and 60 ~ 800,000 times of dilutions be bestowed by heaven it is precious applied with water droplet, the florescence by 15 ~ 200,000 times of dilution hymexazols,
10 ~ 150,000 times of dilution brassin lactones, 50 ~ 700,000 times of dilutions are bestowed by heaven precious and 60 ~ 800,000 times of dilution potassium dihydrogen phosphates with water droplet
Apply；
E, on July 15 ~ 20 pinched：Stem leaf is fallen into four leaves and above section is all destroyed, ensures 8 fruit branches, and extract fruit
Branch is higher than the part of stem；
F, ventilate：Breather pipe is laid after topping between narrow row, gather passage on breather pipe, of length no more than 150 meters of breather pipe
Or air blower is set at breather pipe two no more than 300 meters；
G, accelerate the ripening：September carries out first time ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid for 12 ~ 15 and accelerated the ripening, and dosage is 50 grams/acre；September 22 ~ 25 carries out the
Secondary ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid accelerates the ripening disleave, and dosage is 100 grams/acre；Remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe cotton field dosage is 150 grams/acre, while is taken off with Thidiazuron is applied
Leaf, dosage are 80 grams/acre；
H, pluck：Early October carries out machine and adopted, and remaining cotton on cotton branch was manually plucked before October 20.
2. the machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land according to claim 1 adopts pattern implantation methods, it is characterised in that step
In a, rotary tillage depth is 30 centimetres.
3. the machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land according to claim 1 adopts pattern implantation methods, it is characterised in that step
In b, the mode of operation that wide-and narrow-row opens kind of cunette is：It is 16 centimetres to open wide row kind cunette that width is 60 centimetres and width
Narrow row kind cunette, the depth for planting cunette are 5 centimetres, and thickness of earth covering is 2 centimetres；Apply fertilizer and apply 10 ~ 15 kilograms of urea, phosphoric acid for every mu
Two 16 ~ 20 kilograms of ammoniums, 7 ~ 10 kilograms of potassium chloride, are administered simultaneously 1.2 kilogram borax and 1.5 kilograms of zinc sulfate.
4. the machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land according to claim 1 adopts pattern implantation methods, it is characterised in that topping
When stop drip irrigation and carry out mepiquat chloride regulate and control 1 time, the mepiquat chloride amount of spraying be 1.5 ~ 2.2 grams/acre；To regarding rainfall by the end of August after topping
Mepiquat chloride is carried out with growing way to regulate and control 1 ~ 2 time, the mepiquat chloride amount of spraying is 3.5 ~ 4.2 grams/acre.
5. the machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land according to claim 1 adopts pattern implantation methods, it is characterised in that described
Beach saline land is North China strand moderate and following salt-soda soil.
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| CN108966716A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-11 | 青岛全域盐碱地稻作改良研究院有限公司 | The four-dimensional improved method in salt-soda soil |
| CN110934034A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-31 | 四川农业大学 | Tea garden type Taxus media medicinal raw material forest construction method |
| CN112640756A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-13 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | Cultivation method considering both plant shape molding and yield of mechanically harvested cotton in Hebei area |
| CN115226588A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-25 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | Cotton early ripening and rotten boll prevention method |
| CN115226588B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2024-02-23 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | Method for preventing cotton from rotting by early ripening |
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