CN102301906A - Method for planting cotton in coastal heavy saline-alkali land - Google Patents
Method for planting cotton in coastal heavy saline-alkali land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting cotton in coastal heavy saline-alkali land. The method comprises the following steps of: A, consolidating land, and building a strip field or a platform field; B, irrigating by using saline water in winter and icing; C covering by using a mulching film; D, sowing; E, performing growth period management; and F, picking in time after cotton bolls are fully cracked and opened. In the method, a series of measures such as land consolidation, icy irrigation of saline water in winter, ice melting spraying of saline water in spring, salt inhibition and soil moisture conservation through mulching film coverage and the like are adopted, so that the salt content of soil in cotton root layers is reduced, and the normal growth of the cotton is ensured; and the method is easy to operate and low in cost, can be applied to coastal saline and alkaline areas, and has remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water resource utilization and soil melioration technical field, especially the method for heavy saline land plant cotton in the strand.
Background technology
The soil alkaline arid is the principal element of restriction agricultural development, and traditional alkaline land improving mainly is the filling row measure realization of drenching salt, extracting underground water, lowering of watertable through fresh water.Because freshwater resources are deficient, the application of this measure is restricted.Particularly littoral in the Bohai Sea, more than 2,000 ten thousand mu coastal saline-alkali soil is difficult to utilize owing to lacking fresh water, and crop is difficult to growth.Yet, though the coastal region freshwater resources are deficient, the salt water aboundresources.
Patent formerly " utilizing the method in bitter natural freezing improvement the salt-soda soil " (patent No.: 200510012450.3) referring to the applicant; Resources characteristic according to coastal region; Invented and utilized the icing method of irrigating the improvement salt-soda soil of salt water a kind of winter; Promptly utilize salt water to freeze freeze thawing degree of saltiness moisture from principle; Utilize natural cooling source in the winter time; Utilize salt water to irrigate; Irrigate the back and form ice sheet at upper soll layer; Because the melting point of different salinity salt water ice is different; Spring is along with temperature raises; The salt water of high concentration thawing earlier infiltrates earlier; The brackish water of Rong Huaing infiltrating afterwards until fresh water; Surface soil salinity there is a leaching, reaches the purpose of upper soll layer desalination.But above-mentioned research does not provide the concrete operation method of the specific crop of plantation, because different plant habit is different, still need on the basis of above-mentioned technology, explore the concrete plantation scheme that is suitable for Different Crop through a large amount of tests.
Cotton is the important economic crops of China, has the characteristics of salt tolerant alkali, at the light saline and alkaline regional establishing in large scale of moderate.Because geavy salt alkali district, strand soil salt content is high, subterranean water level is shallow, salinity is high, and except that some halophytess, general crop is difficult to into alive.Cotton seeds germination and stage in seedling stage salt resistance are poor, and geavy salt alkali area is difficult to germinate and emerge in the strand, cause never Cotton Production of this area.This patent has been invented the method for the heavy saline land plant cotton in the strand on the basis of a large amount of tests.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of method that weighs the saline land plant cotton in the strand; Through consolidation, winter salt water freeze irrigate, spring salt water ice melt dash drench, plastic mulching presses down a series of measures such as salt soil moisture conservation; Reduce the salt content of Levant Cotton Root layer soil, guarantee the normal growth of cotton.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention taked is following.
The method of heavy saline land, strand plant cotton, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before going into the winter, carry out; Build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali; Make bar field or raised fields ground and phreatic distance be not less than 1m; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields; Plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm;
C, plastic mulching: treat that salt water ice melts fully to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, sowing: spring; Begin sowing when treating that the 5cm soil temperature is stable and reaching more than 13 ℃; Adopt program request or mechanization mulch sowing on the film; Seeding method be width capable or etc. line-spacing plantation; Line-spacing is 60cm when sowing Deng line-spacing; Wide behavior 70cm during the capable sowing of width, narrow row is 50cm, spacing in the rows is 28-30cm; The disposable nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer 40kg/ mu that applies during sowing, the effective content of nitrogen is 22% in the nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer, the effective content of phosphorus is 8%; And spraying herbicide;
E, growing season management: cotton emerge back final singling in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, the 3700-4000 strain is counted in a mu strain; It is top sharp with the crowd once to remove cotton at the beginning of 8 months; Weeds are wiped out and treated insect pests and plant diseases in timely manual work in vegetative period, spray insecticide, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests guarantees the cotton normal growth;
F, results: cotton boll fully ftractures and in time picks behind the blow-of-cottons.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, every separated 10m buries the reed handle of diameter 10cm underground on bar, raised fields, buried depth 40cm, and the draining reed than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, is buried length the two ends, back underground and is exposed in the drain ditch.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step B, irrigate earlier and freeze with little water, treat the face of land form stablize ice sheet after, once irritate the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in formation after pouring water.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step D, at the beginning of late April to 5 month, the 5cm soil temperature is stable to be reached more than 13 ℃, begins sowing this moment.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, the kind of cotton is Shandong cotton-28.
Adopt the beneficial effect that technique scheme produced to be:
Cotton seeds germination and stage in seedling stage salt resistance are poor; Geavy salt alkali area is difficult to germinate and emerge in the strand; Cause never Cotton Production of this area; For this reason; In this area is the germination of cotton and the suitable low-salt environment of creation of emerging; Creating good ecological condition for the growth of cotton, is the key that this district's DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON is produced; Plastic mulching measure in spring of the present invention has suppressed water evaporates, has reduced upwards migration of soil salt; Has the effect that presses down the salt soil moisture conservation; Improved the saline land, guaranteed that the one-tenth of cotton seedling is lived and normal growth, realized that geavy salt alkali district, strand improves high cotton yield then then;
The present invention is through whole ground; Salt water froze and irrigated winter; The plastic mulching in spring; A series of measures such as sowing cotton seed management; The soil plough horizon salt content was reduced to below 0.4% in the sowing cotton seed phase (4 the end of month to 5 month at the beginning of); Moisture content remains on more than 26%; Thereby guaranteed the insemination and emergence of cotton; Simultaneously; Irrigate through extracting in winter saline groundwater; Reduced subterranean water level; Ice-melt in spring water combines plastic mulching after infiltrating and accomplishing; Suppressed soil evaporation, reduced upwards migration of soil salt, rainy season, arriving can further reduce soil salt; Make the root district of cotton all be in low-salt environment, guaranteed the normal growth of cotton in the whole growth phase; The present invention is simple to operate, and cost is low, is adapted at geavy salt alkali district, strand and uses, and can promote to encircle the fast development of saline and alkaline district, Bohai Sea cotton industry, for realizing that the strategy that cotton east, Hebei province is moved has huge impetus;
The production test that 2008-2010 carried out shows that at the beginning of the 5 months by the end of April sowing time of cotton, topsoil 20cm soil salt content is controlled at 0.25-0.32%, and soil moisture content remains on more than 26%, and emergence rate has reached more than 87% behind the sowing cotton seed; Whole growth phase (the 5-10 month) 0-40cm soil salt content is controlled at below 0.4%, has guaranteed the normal growth of cotton, and per mu yield unginned cotton reaches 200-240kg; And contrast salt content in sowing time reaches more than 1%, and cotton can not emerge.
Embodiment
Following examples describe the present invention in detail.Various raw material used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional commercially available prod, all can buy directly through market to obtain.
Embodiment 1
Be the application example of applicant's heavy saline land plant cotton below in the strand.This base is positioned at the Haixing County, Hebei province, belongs to the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, 12.1 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, January mean temperature of air-4.6 ℃, the extreme minimum air temperature-19.9 ℃, 217 days frost-free seasons.Year, sunshine duration was 2718.8 hours, and average annual precipitation is 627.9mm, mainly concentrates on July～August, accounts for 74% of annual precipitation.This district belongs to littoral plain, and hypsography low-lying is smooth, and height above sea level 1.3-3.6m, soil are marine solonchak, and soil salt content is heavy saline land, strand more than 0.8%.Subterranean water level is shallow, and on average about 1 meter, the degree of mineralization of ground water is high, and salt content is at 7～20gL
-1
The method of heavy saline land, strand plant cotton, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before going into the winter, carry out, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading; Spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m; Every separated 10m buries the reed handle of diameter 10cm underground on bar, raised fields, buried depth 40cm, and the draining reed than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, is buried length the two ends, back underground and is exposed in the drain ditch; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter are frozen: 5-15 day in January, daily mean temperature is stable to be lower than-5 ℃, and the extracting saline groundwater is irrigated, and the irrigation water salt content is 9.6-11.2g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm; Concrete operation method is to irrigate with little water earlier to freeze, treat the face of land form stablize ice sheet after, once irritate the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in formation after pouring water;
C, plastic mulching: 1-5 day in March, treat that salt water ice melts fully to infiltrate behind the soil, in time utilize the 90-120cm mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, sowing: the 25-5 month in April 5, select for use the cotton variety Shandong of salt tolerant cotton-28, adopt the mechanization mulch sowing, wide-narrow row planting, line-spacing is: wide capable 70cm, narrow row 50cm; Disposablely during sowing apply nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer (effective content: nitrogen 22%, phosphorus 8%) 40kg/ mu, and spraying herbicide;
E, growing season management: by the end of May, cotton is carried out thinning, final singling, about several 4000 strains of mu strain; Early August, cotton is carried out pinching pinch or spray the control of cloth hormone, prevent excessive growth, reduce fruit abscission rate; The timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests of whole growth phase mainly is the control to cotten aphid, owing to never planted cotton in the past, disease does not almost take place cotton, and insect pest takes place also seldom;
F, by the end of September-October, cotton boll fully ftractures and in time picks behind the blow-of-cottons.
According to the method described above, 2008-2010, sowing time by the end of April-5 month at the beginning of, topsoil 20cm soil salt content is controlled at 0.25-0.32%, soil moisture content remains on more than 26%, emergence rate has reached 87% behind the sowing cotton seed, more than; Whole growth phase (the 5-10 month) 0-40cm soil salt content is controlled at below 0.4%, has guaranteed the normal growth of cotton, and per mu yield unginned cotton reaches 200-240kg; And contrast salt content in sowing time reaches more than 1%, and cotton can not emerge.Through the present invention, the geavy salt alkali district of successfully never planting plant in history realizes high cotton yield, and economy, society and ecological benefits are very remarkable, and the present invention has broad application prospects.
Foregoing description only proposes as the enforceable technical scheme of the present invention, not as the single restrictive condition to its technical scheme itself.
Claims (7)
1. the strand weighs the method for saline land plant cotton, and its characterization step comprises:
A, consolidation: before going into the winter, carry out; Build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali; Make bar field or raised fields ground and phreatic distance be not less than 1m; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields; Plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm;
C, plastic mulching: treat that salt water ice melts fully to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, sowing: spring; Begin sowing when treating that the 5cm soil temperature is stable and reaching more than 13 ℃; Adopt program request or mechanization mulch sowing on the film; Seeding method be width capable or etc. line-spacing plantation; Line-spacing is 60cm when sowing Deng line-spacing; Wide behavior 70cm during the capable sowing of width, narrow row is 50cm, spacing in the rows is 28-30cm; The disposable nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer 40kg/ mu that applies during sowing, the effective content of nitrogen is 22% in the nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer, the effective content of phosphorus is 8%; And spraying herbicide;
E, growing season management: cotton emerge back final singling in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, the 3700-4000 strain is counted in a mu strain; It is top sharp with the crowd once to remove cotton at the beginning of 8 months; Weeds are wiped out and treated insect pests and plant diseases in timely manual work in vegetative period, spray insecticide, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests guarantees the cotton normal growth;
F, results: cotton boll fully ftractures and in time picks behind the blow-of-cottons.
2. the method for heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1 plant cotton is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m; Build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m; Ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
3. the method for heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1 plant cotton is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
4. according to the method for the heavy saline land of claim 2 or 3 described strands plant cotton; It is characterized in that: every reed handle of burying diameter 10cm at a distance from 10m underground on bar, raised fields; Buried depth 40cm, the draining reed than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, is buried length the two ends, back underground and is exposed in the drain ditch.
5. the method for heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1 plant cotton is characterized in that: among the step B, irrigate with little water earlier and freeze, treat the face of land form stablize ice sheet after, once irritate the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in formation after pouring water.
6. the method for heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1 plant cotton is characterized in that: among the step D, at the beginning of late April to 5 month, the 5cm soil temperature is stable to be reached more than 13 ℃, begins sowing this moment.
7. the method for heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1 plant cotton is characterized in that: the kind of cotton is Shandong cotton-28.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN102726185A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-17 | 河南科技大学 | Cotton cultivation method |
| CN102845203A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2013-01-02 | 大连民族学院 | Method for planting alfalfa in moderately severe alkaline sulfuric acid saline soil on large scale |
| CN103141176A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-06-12 | 天津泰达园林建设有限公司 | Method for improving saline soil in excavated grooves of border trees in coastal region |
| CN103141296A (en) * | 2013-04-06 | 2013-06-12 | 青岛农业大学 | Coastal heavy saline-alkaline land sweet potato high-yield cultivation method |
| CN103329704A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-10-02 | 新疆科神农业装备科技开发有限公司 | Ultra-narrow-row cotton planting method |
| CN104472169A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-04-01 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for planting cotton at muddy coastal heavy saline-alkali land |
| CN105409571A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-23 | 铜仁学院 | Method for raising cotton yield and plantation benefits of high saline and alkaline land |
| CN106171417A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of method of saline-alkali wetland plant cotton |
| CN107801573A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-16 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | It is a kind of to accelerate strand reclaimed land pionner Suaeda salsa raw method |
| CN107821077A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-03-23 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | A kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods |
| CN108633676A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-10-12 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | The method that a kind of cotton one broadcasts full stand |
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| CN102726185A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-17 | 河南科技大学 | Cotton cultivation method |
| CN102726185B (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2015-07-15 | 河南科技大学 | Cotton cultivation method |
| CN102845203B (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2013-09-25 | 大连民族学院 | Method for planting alfalfa in moderately severe alkaline sulfuric acid saline soil on large scale |
| CN102845203A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2013-01-02 | 大连民族学院 | Method for planting alfalfa in moderately severe alkaline sulfuric acid saline soil on large scale |
| CN103141176B (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2015-08-19 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | A kind of method of coastal region improvement street tree grooving solonchak |
| CN103141176A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-06-12 | 天津泰达园林建设有限公司 | Method for improving saline soil in excavated grooves of border trees in coastal region |
| CN103141296A (en) * | 2013-04-06 | 2013-06-12 | 青岛农业大学 | Coastal heavy saline-alkaline land sweet potato high-yield cultivation method |
| CN103329704A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-10-02 | 新疆科神农业装备科技开发有限公司 | Ultra-narrow-row cotton planting method |
| CN104472169A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-04-01 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for planting cotton at muddy coastal heavy saline-alkali land |
| CN104472169B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-05-11 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | The implantation methods of a kind of Muddy Bottoms heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore cotton |
| CN105409571A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-23 | 铜仁学院 | Method for raising cotton yield and plantation benefits of high saline and alkaline land |
| CN105409571B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | 铜仁学院 | The method for improving heavy saline output of cotton and planting benefit |
| CN106171417A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of method of saline-alkali wetland plant cotton |
| CN107801573A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-16 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | It is a kind of to accelerate strand reclaimed land pionner Suaeda salsa raw method |
| CN107821077A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-03-23 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | A kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods |
| CN108633676A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-10-12 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | The method that a kind of cotton one broadcasts full stand |
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