CN104145557A - Rainwater collecting and soil moisture preservation method for dry land apple trees - Google Patents
Rainwater collecting and soil moisture preservation method for dry land apple trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN104145557A CN104145557A CN201410418096.3A CN201410418096A CN104145557A CN 104145557 A CN104145557 A CN 104145557A CN 201410418096 A CN201410418096 A CN 201410418096A CN 104145557 A CN104145557 A CN 104145557A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rainwater collecting and soil moisture preservation method for dry land apple trees. The rainwater collecting and soil moisture preservation method for dry land apple trees comprises the steps of fertilizer application and soil preparation, ridging and film mulching or whole orchard film mulching, digging of rainwater collecting gutters, and straw covering in the rainwater collecting gutters and space between lines. The rainwater collecting and soil moisture preservation method for dry land apple trees is characterized in that soil processing is carried out before fertilizer application and soil preparation, 0.5 kilo of 40% of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 30 kilos of compound fine sand soil are mixed into compound poisonous soil to be applied per mu, and the compound fine sand soil is formed by mixing fine sand, horse dung, vermiculite and field soil according to the proportion of 2:2:1:3. The horse dung is dry horse dung with the water container not more than 5 percent and is crushed into particles with the particle diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm. Through soil processing, pests overwintering in the field such as buscks, scarabs and sympiezomias velatus chevrolats can be killed, pest eggs parasitizing the soil can be prevented from growing, and underground pests are effectively controlled. Meanwhile, the compound fine sand soil serves as a pesticide carrier and soil moisture preservation materials, the use amount of the fine sand is reduced, the soil fertility and soil quality of the orchard are kept, and good social benefits can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree planting technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method that collects the rain moisture of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree.
Background technology
In recent years, China's Apple Culture shifts to the eugenic district of loess plateau apple gradually, and take western, the north is Main Cultivation ground.For apple production, there are good ecotope, photo-thermal resource and sufficient soil and labour in these regions, but the precipitation limiting factor that becomes these regional development apples on the low side, particularly precipitation anniversary distribution is uneven, precipitation is few, and evaporation discharge is large, is having a strong impact on the development of industry, for this reason, orchard is greatly developed water conservation and moisture-holding measure becomes the focus that orchard worker pays close attention to.In order effectively to solve drought in spring, natural precipitation and fruit tree, need the problems such as water is inharmonious, rich water runs off seriously, availability is low, from 2011, the technology of " utilizing orchard to play high ridge and covering black film collection rain rill raising soil moisture content " is applied to actual production, has obtained good production benefit.At present, the specification requirement that utilizes orchard to play high ridge covering black film collection rain rill is: 1) select the suitable overlay film time; 2) adopt suitable thickness, width unregistered land film; 3) utilize the film covering method adapting with ridge; 4) excavation collects in rain rill and collection rain rill and covers grass in the ranks.By adopting above-mentioned specification requirement, solved to a certain extent the hydropenic defect of rain that northwestern Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree cultivation exists.But in actual mechanical process, still there is following problem in this technology: 1) ridging is not careful, collection rain weak effect, mainly be that ridge face is uneven, soil block is not in small, broken bits, the empty soft not consolidation of ridge face soil, cause mulch film and ridge face after overlay film not to be close to, mulch film is easily torn, shortened the mulch film operating period, also make ridge face recess gather rainwater evaporation loss; 2) mulch film width does not mate with tree crown size; 3) ridge face is too high, and ridge is high out of proportion with row spacing; 4) to bury soil too dark for trunk, accelerates the prosperous length of tree body.
Obviously, the technology of existing " utilize orchard to play high ridge and cover black film collection rain rill raising soil moisture content " is still immature, haves much room for improvement to address the above problem.Meanwhile, described orchard film coating technique also exists the incidence of disease high, and especially the incidence of disease of soil insect is higher.Although can prevent and treat by the method for spraying insecticide in when morbidity, soil insect normally be take soil as the parasitic place of worm's ovum, spray insecticide can only kill reveal soil and on insect, can not thoroughly kill worm's ovum, cause repeatedly desinsection and the phenomenon of poor effect.For this reason, the present invention plays in conjunction with orchard the method that high ridge covers black film collection rain rill, carries out soil treatment before overlay film, solves the problem of soil insect simultaneously.Patent CN 101940117 A disclose a kind of method for preventing root rot of rhubarb, its 7～10 days prior to seeding, convert 30 parts of thin sand and soils and mix malicious sandy soil and apply in nursery 0-10cm soil layer, to reach the object of preventing and treating root rot with 1 part of 50% carbendazol wettable powder.And the present invention processes soil by adopting 0.5 kilogram of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to add 30 kilograms of compound thin sand and soils, both have obvious distinguishing characteristics, and add merely when thin sand and soil existence is long-term to be used, cause soil content too high, the problem that causes fertility obviously to decline, and the present invention is by the rational proportion of fine sand, field soil, vermiculite and horsehit, can realize the object of soil moisture conservation, can prevent that again soil fertility from declining, even increase soil fertility, there is obvious progressive.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: a kind of method that collects the rain moisture that Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree is provided, before whole ground ridging, adopt compound malicious sandy soil to process soil, the effectively generation of control underground pests, simultaneously, the present invention covers black film collection rain rill method by existing orchard being played to high ridge improves, and is intended to solve the problem that existing method exists in practical operation.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method that collects the rain moisture of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree, comprise: fertilising collects in rain rill, collection rain rill with whole ground, the ridging overlay film Huo Quan garden overlay film that paddles, excavation and covers grass in the ranks, it is characterized in that: before fertilising and whole ground, also comprise soil treatment, 0.5 kilogram of every mu of use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate adds 30 kilograms of compound thin sand and soils, mixes compound pesticide-clay mixture and spreads fertilizer over the fields.
Further, described compound thin sand and soil is to be mixed according to the ratio of 2:2:1:3 by fine sand, horsehit, vermiculite power, field soil.
Further, described horsehit refers to the dry horsehit of water content≤5%, and is crushed to the graininess that particle diameter is 0.3～0.5mm.
Compare with the method that collects the rain moisture of existing Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) before fertilising and whole ground, with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, adding compound thin sand and soil makes malicious sandy soil and spreads fertilizer over the fields orchard, kill into the first-class insect of heart-eating worm, chafer, big gourdshaped weevil that survives the winter, more can prevent from parasitizing the worm's ovum growth in soil, effectively prevent and treat the generation of underground pests.
2) the compound thin sand and soil that employing is mixed according to the ratio of 2:2:1:3 by fine sand, horsehit, vermiculite power, field soil is as medicament carrier and Material of preserving soil moisture, compare with existing thin sand and soil carrier, reduced fine sand consumption, preservation of fertility and orchard soil property, also because horsehit, vermiculite power have abundant nutrient, improve soil layer nutrient content, be beneficial to fruit tree growth; Also, because horsehit is that dry particle is slightly fertile, can increase the gas permeability of soil, be beneficial to fruit tree root and breathe, and then increase growth rate; Horsehit, vermiculite, fine sand are coarse granule shape simultaneously, and Li Shui infiltration, keeps soil from packing together.
3) the present invention utilizes orchard to play high ridge to cover black film collection rain rill and combine with soil treatment before overlay film by existing, the underground pests incidence of disease is lower than 0.5%, on average increase production more than 30%, solve Western Loess Plateau, northern territory and because rainfall is few, limited the problem that apple tree is cultivated, obtained better social benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention and main points are done to an explanation, but do not limit interest field of the present invention.
Jingning County is positioned at Eastern Gansu Province, to the west of Liu Pan Shan, and to the east of Hua Jialing, 105 ° of 20'～106 ° 05' of east longitude, north latitude 35-degree 01'-35 ° 45', height above sea level 1600～2245m.Soil is six great soil groups such as loessal soil, black mature soil, red clay, new long-pending soil, swamp soil, and wherein loessal soil is main soil group, accounts for 91.18% of whole county soil erosion.Soil with organic matter content is 0.92%, and full nitrogen is 0.072%, and rapid available phosphorus is 8.24ppm, available potassium 170.1ppm, the growth needs of suitable apple tree.And genus warm temperate zone, Jingning County half moistening semi-arid climate, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, to have a moderate climate, illumination is sufficient, 159 days frost-free seasons, average annual sunshine duration 2238 hours.Due to the weather conditions of above-mentioned uniqueness and sufficient illumination, not only fruit is individual greatly, color and luster is scarlet, the more important thing is that sugar content is very high for Jingning County apple, and mouthfeel is fragrant and sweet clear and melodious.Following embodiment take that the experiment in cultivation of Jingning apple is basic trailer record.
Embodiment 1
The method that collects the rain moisture of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree, comprising: soil treatment, fertilising and whole ground, the ridging overlay film Huo Quan garden overlay film that paddles, excavation collect in rain rill, collection rain rill and cover grass in the ranks, and concrete steps are as follows:
1, soil treatment before overlay film
1) soil treatment is with control soil insect: before whole ground ridging, 0.5 kilogram of every mu of use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate adds 30 kilograms of compound thin sand and soils, mixes pesticide-clay mixture and spreads fertilizer over the fields orchard.Weeds endanger serious plot, and the acetochlor ec with 50% after whole ground ridging is watered the spraying of full ground, then covering with plastic film; The area that soil moisture is large, temperature is high, every mu with 50～70 grams of acetochlor ecs, are watered 30 kilograms of sprayings of full ground, then covering with plastic film; Cool regional with 150～200 grams of acetochlor ecs, be watered 40～50 kilograms of sprayings of full ground, then covering with plastic film.
Described compound thin sand and soil is to be mixed according to the ratio of 2:2:1:3 by fine sand, horsehit, vermiculite power, field soil.
Described horsehit refers to the dry horsehit of water content≤5%, and is crushed to the graininess that particle diameter is 0.3～0.5mm.
2) fertilising: mu is executed 5000 kilograms of farmyard manures, 10～12 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 8～10 kilograms of P2O5 (phosphorus pentoxide), 5～10 kilograms of K2O (potassium oxide), 80 kilograms of 1～1.5 kilogram of ZnSO4 (zinc sulphate) or apple specialing fertilizers, apply or concentrate when the ridging in conjunction with full field, whole ground to apply in the band of narrow row ridge.
2, ridging, overlay film
Before the ridging of Cheng Ling garden, should first branches and leaves, weeds, rubble under tree crown be cleaned out, it is thin that soil block is harrowed broken rake, then carry out ridging, overlay film, and the present embodiment overlay film is taked respectively full garden overlay film and the two kinds of methods of ridging overlay film of paddling.
1) concrete steps of full garden overlay film are:
1. ridging: take " low inside and high outside " as principle, require ridge and furrow width even, ridge height is consistent, drop 20cm, ridge face requires smooth, smooth, and soil block is in small, broken bits evenly, and ridge face is solid.
2. after ridging completes, with the full ground of 2m black film wide, thick 0.008mm overlay film.Film and intermembranously do not interspace, the centre on film and great ridge, film joint, with the table soil pressure residence film of next furrow or great Long ridge face, during overlay film, mulch film and ridge face, furrow are adjacent to; Every the horizontal firming waistband of 2～3m, the one, prevent that strong wind from taking off film; The 2nd, the precipitation runoff in interception furrow, is convenient to rainwater and infiltrates.
2) the paddle concrete steps of ridging overlay film are:
1. ridging: first follow to tree and fold ridge, ridge face be take trunk as center line, middle high, both sides are low, form the arch of opening a business, line width 2～2.4m, the ridge face discrepancy in elevation is advisable with 12～18cm.During ridging, first with lining rope, in tree, coil two layback twice straight lines, be less than mulch film width 5～8cm with the distance of trunk, then by soil in lining rope outside collection rain rill and in the ranks whole broken after gradient ridging on request, trunk does not bury soil in 3～5cm place around.After ridge face rises, with the whole soil crushing of spade, smooth ridge face, make real soil, after 2～3 days, treat that ridge face soil is heavy real, get final product overlay film after remaking meticulous reparation.
2. during overlay film, take and set dish both sides and carry out as good simultaneously, require mulch film strain, stretching, without wrinkle, be close to ridge face; Ground, ridge central authorities both sides film edge take that to be connected be degree, uses fine earth compacting; About 5cm in the edge embedded soil of both sides, ridge mulch film.
3, excavation collection rain rill
After mulch film covers well, at ridge face two 5cm places, lateral extent mulch film edge, follow collection rain rill dark to excavation, wide each 25cm, require bottom of trench straight, be convenient to rainwater and be evenly distributed.When uneven, the collection rain rill of physical features is longer in garden, can in collection rain rill, repair a strut rail every 3～5 strain fruit tree spacing.
4, collect in rain rill and cover grass in the ranks
In order to improve collection rain effect, reduce moisture evaporation, in collection rain rill, cover the crops straws such as straw or cornstalk, if cornstalk is in small, broken bits, do not act in accordance with to covering in ditch, cladding thickness with 8～10cm above ground level for well.Abundant place, grass source, preferably whole blank tree row all covers with stalk, and thickness is advisable to reach 10cm, and the effect that preserves soil moisture is like this more outstanding.Tree row covers after grass, makes again stone roller will cover careless compaction by rolling immediately with light stone roller, the urea solution of spraying 5% thereon then, and spray 1 time for 1 month at interval, and the whole year, sprinkling was 2～3 times, to accelerate covering grass, became thoroughly decomposed.In addition, take strict precautions against fire, also can spread the fine earth that one deck 2cm is thick covering careless surface.
By technical solution of the present invention, collect the rain moisture, the apple tree incidence of disease≤0.5%, on average increases production more than 30%, has obtained good economic benefit and social benefit.
Claims (3)
1. the method that collects the rain moisture of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree, comprise: fertilising collects in rain rill, collection rain rill with whole ground, the ridging overlay film Huo Quan garden overlay film that paddles, excavation and covers grass in the ranks, it is characterized in that: before fertilising and whole ground, also comprise soil treatment, 0.5 kilogram of every mu of use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate adds 30 kilograms of compound thin sand and soils, mixes compound pesticide-clay mixture and spreads fertilizer over the fields.
2. the method that collects the rain moisture of a kind of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described compound thin sand and soil is to be mixed according to the ratio of 2:2:1:3 by fine sand, horsehit, vermiculite power, field soil.
3. a kind of method that collects the rain moisture that Apple Trees in Arid Areas is set as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described horsehit refers to the dry horsehit of water content≤5%, and is crushed to the graininess that particle diameter is 0.3～0.5mm.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN104904561A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-16 | 朱元龙 | Arid and semi-arid region forest rainwater collecting and drought resisting cultivation method |
| CN106365875A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 安徽尚诚生物科技有限公司 | Anti-fruit-budworm fertilizer |
| CN106718480A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of Kiwi berry mulching and planting method |
| CN108496501A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland |
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| CN102696374A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 杨祁峰 | Annual mulching film full coverage old film peeling and new film replacing fertilization and seeding integral method for dry farming regions |
| CN102835241A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2012-12-26 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for raising peach tree seedlings in container |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104904561A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-16 | 朱元龙 | Arid and semi-arid region forest rainwater collecting and drought resisting cultivation method |
| CN106365875A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 安徽尚诚生物科技有限公司 | Anti-fruit-budworm fertilizer |
| CN106718480A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of Kiwi berry mulching and planting method |
| CN108496501A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland |
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Application publication date: 20141119 |