CN104904561A - Arid and semi-arid region forest rainwater collecting and drought resisting cultivation method - Google Patents
Arid and semi-arid region forest rainwater collecting and drought resisting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104904561A CN104904561A CN201510326104.6A CN201510326104A CN104904561A CN 104904561 A CN104904561 A CN 104904561A CN 201510326104 A CN201510326104 A CN 201510326104A CN 104904561 A CN104904561 A CN 104904561A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses an arid and semi-arid region forest rainwater collecting and drought resisting cultivation method and belongs to the technical field of forestry engineering. The method is characterized in that ditching and mulching are performed along tree rows on a sandy or loam forest cultivation land to form a double-film-covered 'bamboo-like 'V'-shaped rain collecting ditch' structure, and arid and semi-arid region forest rainwater collecting and soil moisture conservation are achieved. The method has the advantages that natural rainfall utilization rate and soil water content can be effectively increased; forest planting survival rate, preserving rate and growth quantity can be increased greatly; a forest growing period is prolonged evidently, a forest development progress is accelerated, seedling cultivation time is shortened, economic forest can be promoted to form high-yield tree form in advance and enter a full bearing period, and orchard yield per unit is increased by above 30%; irrigation times and irrigation water quantity are reduced greatly, and production cost is lowered effectively; an individual tree can acquire evenly-distributed rainwater, overland runoff forming is prevented, and water and soil are conserved effectively; the method is easy to operate, free of pollution, low in cost, high in efficiency and long in valid time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Forestry Engineering technical field, relate to the Tree Drought Resistance cultivation method that a kind of arid and semi-arid district collects the rain moisture.
Background technology
The Arid&semi-arid area of China accounts for 2/3 of territory total area, and drought and water shortage has not only had a strong impact on the agricultural development of China, and affects the development of ecotope and forestry.Rational polywater soil moisture conservation technology improves the key link of woodland market efficiency.Water saving has been the inevitable choice of national sustainable development, and therefore, Society has become the current even later long-term target of China.The rainwater shortage technology based on water and soil conservation is just being explored in the Agriculture developing history of several thousand always by China, the microhabitat ecosystem under how utilizing technology of water catchment to be applied to crop supplementary condition, resolving the Optimal regulation and control of unified relationship between " rainfall-crop-environment ", is the key realizing rainwater efficiency utilization.In recent ten years, China obtains a lot of collection rain achievement in rainwater utilization, and particularly the technology such as the Northwest's collection rain drinking-water, the irrigation of collection rain has played important function.At present in Forestry Engineering, forest land collection rain measure has the conventional art measures such as fish scale pit, horizontal ditch, contour bench.These technical measures have preferably collection rain and infiltrate effect, but, the problem that ubiquity effective time is short and evaporation water loss is serious.Therefore, collecting rain, to enter to blend the function measure that soil moisture conservation possesses simultaneously be on the spot pursuing a goal of vast forestry technical personnel always.Such as, patent of invention CN103461070A discloses a kind of arid growing area hillside fields collection rain drough-relief method and structure, the method is provided with the alley identical with slope aspect in the field in arid plantation slope district, spreading in furrow between alley and two alleys, and offer collection rain rill in the bottom, slope in field, Ji Yukeng is offered in one end of collection rain rill, establish multiple Sheng rain bag at horizontal plane lower than Ji Yukeng place simultaneously, the one end of containing rain bag is connected with Ji Yukeng by plastic flexible pipe, and the other end is provided with controllable water discharging hole.For another example patent of invention CN103556672A, CN102524014B, CN102246628B, all has the technology that collects the rain moisture of rain collecting layer face relating to and cover and comprise the collection rain sheet material of mulch film.This type of technology is concerning peasant, and cost is relatively high, and operating procedure is various, time-consumingly takes a lot of work; The gathering surface of forest individuality is little, and rain water distribution is uneven.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, provide a kind of and be applicable to easy to operate, pollution-free, low cost, the high efficiency in arid and semi-arid district, Tree Drought Resistance cultivation method that long timeliness collects the rain moisture.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Arid and semi-arid district forest collection rain anti drought cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) be the Forest-tree culture ground of sandy soil or loam in soil property, along tree row, along contour level excavation collection rain rill, furrow width 2m, planting tree is capable on the center line of ditch, is flattened the two sides of ditch, in " V " type, the side grade of ditch is 10 ° ~ 45 °, by the length of spacing in the rows, ditch soil is divided into Bamboo-shaped segmentation ditch, at 1 ~ 1.5m place, the separation ridge of Mei Duangou district close together, excavating the circular planting hole of a diameter 0.5 ~ 1m, degree of depth 10cm, plants trees one strain in every cave;
(2) select the anti-aging mulch film that thickness is 0.008 ~ 0.01mm, width is 1.2 ~ 1.5m, two film docking longitudinally covers Bamboo-shaped " V " type collection rain rill region, the suppression of joint soil is tight, with soil suppression mulch film on the horizontal Bamboo-shaped separation ridge, plant pit place mulch film is made a call to the infiltration aperture that 1 ~ 3 diameter is 1cm;
Before rainfall, moisturizing irrigate time can in plant pit dressing fertilizer.
Described anti-aging mulch film is the one in colourless transparent film, coloured mulch film, the anti-aging mulch film of preferred black.
Described Tree Drought Resistance cultivation method, be applicable to all kinds of commodity trees on the hillside fields of arid biogeographic zone semiarid region, level land build garden cultivation and urban landscaping trees, rare famous and precious trees, Woody flower big seedling cultivation, also be applicable to the drought resisting forestation of ecological forest, be particularly useful for the cultivation that arid biogeographic zone economic forest builds the earsh at garden initial stage.Described Tree Drought Resistance cultivation method adopts pure artificial enforcement, and rotovator, trencher, laminating machine more can be utilized to carry out man-computer cooperation enforcement.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention can effectively improve precipitation utilization ratio, soil moisture content; Significantly improve forest planting survival rate, storage rate, amount of growth; The obvious prolongation tree growth phase, accelerate forest growing process, shorten nursery stock and be bred as out the garden time limit, can impel commodity trees formed ahead of time high yield tree-like, enter the full bearing period, orchard per unit area yield improves more than 30%; Significantly reduce irrigation frequency, duty, effectively reduce production cost.
(2) " V " type face structure water catchment efficiency is high, and under mulch film, the accumulated temperature of soil, the area that heats of individual plant plant also increase simultaneously, facilitate the growth of root system; Bamboo knot shaped structure guarantees that forest individuality all can obtain the rainwater of distributed uniform, prevents from forming rainwash, effectively conserves water and soil; Can be individual plants to have built wide 2m, long equaled spacing in the rows (m), catchment area (m
2)=spacing in the rows (m) × 2 (m), makes forest obtain larger phototrophy space; The theoretical afflux total amount of average annual individual plant plant (m
3the average annual rainfall (m) in)=spacing in the rows (m) × 2 (m) × locality.
(3) earth volume is little, and labour cost is cheap, and one time overlay film at least can use 2 to 3 years continuously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of arid and semi-arid district of the present invention forest collection rain anti drought cultivation method.
Embodiment
Further the present invention is set forth below in conjunction with embodiment, do not form scope restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Be sandy soil in soil property, on 2 years raw walnut grafting cultivation level lands of seeding row spacing 4m × 5m, along tree row, along contour level excavation collection rain rill, furrow width 2m, planting tree is capable on the center line of ditch, flattened the two sides of ditch, in " V " type, the two sides gradient of ditch is 10 °, by the length of spacing in the rows, ditch soil is divided into Bamboo-shaped segmentation ditch, at the 1m place, the separation ridge of Mei Duangou district close together, excavating the circular planting hole of a diameter 0.5m, degree of depth 10cm, plants a strain walnut grafting seedling in every cave; Be 0.008mm, the wide two-sided mulch film of black and white for 1.2m with thickness, two film docking longitudinally covers Bamboo-shaped " V " type collection rain rill region, the suppression of joint soil is tight, with soil suppression mulch film on the horizontal Bamboo-shaped separation ridge, plant pit place mulch film is made a call to the infiltration aperture that 1 diameter is 1cm; Before rainfall, moisturizing irrigate time can in plant pit dressing fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
Property improvement, the plot gradient is 25 °, on 3 years raw children's apple grafting milpas in age of seeding row spacing 4m × 4m, along tree row, along contour level excavation collection rain rill, furrow width 2m, planting tree is capable on the center line of ditch, the two sides of ditch are flattened, in " V " type, the upper side gradient of ditch is 25 °, the downside gradient is 10 °, by the length of spacing in the rows, ditch soil is divided into Bamboo-shaped segmentation ditch, at the 1.5m place, the separation ridge of Mei Duangou district close together, excavating the circular planting hole of a diameter 0.8m, degree of depth 10cm, plants a strain apple grafting in every cave; Be 0.01mm, the wide black and white band film for 1.2m with thickness, two film docking longitudinally covers Bamboo-shaped " V " type collection rain rill region, the suppression of joint soil is tight, with soil suppression mulch film on the horizontal Bamboo-shaped separation ridge, plant pit place mulch film is made a call to the infiltration aperture that 2 diameters are 1cm; Before rainfall, moisturizing irrigate time can in plant pit dressing fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
Be loam in soil property, the gradient is 30 °, annual precipitation is on 2 years raw walnut grafting milpas of 435mm, seeding row spacing 4m × 5m, along tree row, along contour level excavation collection rain rill, furrow width 2m, walnut plantation row is on the center line of ditch, the two sides of ditch are flattened, in " V " type, the upper side gradient of ditch is 30 °, the downside gradient is 10 °, by the length of spacing in the rows, ditch soil is divided into Bamboo-shaped segmentation ditch, at the 1.2m place, the separation ridge of Mei Duangou district close together, excavate a diameter 1m, the circular planting hole of degree of depth 10cm, 1 strain walnut grafting seedling is planted in cave, be 0.01mm, the wide unregistered land film for 1.5m with thickness, two film docking longitudinally covers Bamboo-shaped " V " type ditch region, joint soil suppression, and horizontal Bamboo-shaped separates the soil suppression of both sides, ridge place, and plant pit place mulch film is made a call to the infiltration aperture that 3 diameters are 1cm, before rainfall, moisturizing irrigate time apply fertilizer in plant pit.
Walnut grafting seedling individual plant catchment area is 7.4m
2(after removing gradient factor), the theoretical afflux total amount 3.22m of average annual individual plant plant
3.
Claims (7)
1. arid and semi-arid district forest collection rain anti drought cultivation method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) be the Forest-tree culture ground of sandy soil or loam in soil property, along tree row, along contour level excavation collection rain rill, furrow width 2m, planting tree is capable on the center line of ditch, is flattened the two sides of ditch, in " V " type, the side grade of ditch is 10 ° ~ 45 °, by the length of spacing in the rows, ditch soil is divided into Bamboo-shaped segmentation ditch, at 1 ~ 1.5m place, the separation ridge of Mei Duangou district close together, excavating the circular planting hole of a diameter 0.5 ~ 1m, degree of depth 10cm, plants trees one strain in every cave;
(2) select the anti-aging mulch film that thickness is 0.008 ~ 0.01mm, width is 1.2 ~ 1.5m, two film docking longitudinally covers Bamboo-shaped " V " type collection rain rill region, the suppression of joint soil is tight, with soil suppression mulch film on the horizontal Bamboo-shaped separation ridge, plant pit place mulch film is made a call to the infiltration aperture that 1 ~ 3 diameter is 1cm;
Before rainfall, moisturizing irrigate time can in plant pit dressing fertilizer.
2. arid and semi-arid district according to claim 1 forest collection rain anti drought cultivation method, is characterized in that: described anti-aging mulch film is the one in colourless transparent film, coloured mulch film.
3. arid and semi-arid district according to claim 2 forest collection rain anti drought cultivation method, is characterized in that: described anti-aging mulch film is unregistered land film.
4. arid and semi-arid district according to claim 1 forest collection rain anti drought cultivation method, is characterized in that: be applicable to the hillside fields in arid and semi-arid district, level land.
5. arid and semi-arid district according to claim 1 forest collection rain anti drought cultivation method, is characterized in that: all kinds of commodity trees being applicable to arid biogeographic zone semiarid region build garden cultivation and urban landscaping trees, rare famous and precious trees, the big seedling cultivation of Woody flower and the drought resisting forestation of ecological forest.
6. arid and semi-arid district according to claim 1 forest collection rain anti drought cultivation method, is characterized in that: adopt pure artificial enforcement.
7. the arid and semi-arid district forest collection rain anti drought cultivation method according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that: adopt rotovator, trencher, laminating machine to carry out man-computer cooperation enforcement.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113133402A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-07-20 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所（宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室） | Method for soil preparation, rainwater collection and separate transportation and transfer to deep soil layer in arid orchard |
| CN113508715A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-10-19 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Application method of functional film device and cultivation method of apple trees |
| CN113841586A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 艾丽华 | Environment-friendly water storage method for landscaping |
| CN114451261A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-10 | 卫志勇 | Drought resisting device is held with afforestation retaining to arid area forestry engineering |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1820578A (en) * | 2005-12-31 | 2006-08-23 | 兰州市南北两山环境绿化工程指挥部 | Method for anti-drought afforestation by collecting water, preserving water and supplementing water |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113133402A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-07-20 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所（宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室） | Method for soil preparation, rainwater collection and separate transportation and transfer to deep soil layer in arid orchard |
| CN113508715A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-10-19 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Application method of functional film device and cultivation method of apple trees |
| CN113841586A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 艾丽华 | Environment-friendly water storage method for landscaping |
| CN113841586B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-02-17 | 南京市园林规划设计院有限责任公司 | Environment-friendly water storage method for landscaping |
| CN114451261A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-10 | 卫志勇 | Drought resisting device is held with afforestation retaining to arid area forestry engineering |
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