CN104838947A - Construction method for keeping ecological orchard by water and soil of south red earth hilly area - Google Patents
Construction method for keeping ecological orchard by water and soil of south red earth hilly area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104838947A CN104838947A CN201510252924.5A CN201510252924A CN104838947A CN 104838947 A CN104838947 A CN 104838947A CN 201510252924 A CN201510252924 A CN 201510252924A CN 104838947 A CN104838947 A CN 104838947A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for keeping an ecological orchard by water and soil of a south red earth hilly area. According to the method, a mountain surrounding or strip-shaped counter-slope platform is built along the contour line direction of mountain land and hilly area slopes. The method is characterized in that a counter-slope platform (1), an under-ridge bamboo joint ditch (2), a soil bank (3), an original vegetation slope surface (4), a soil ridge (5), a fruit tree covering measure (6), a transverse oil baffle (7) and the like are included; the construction method can be applied to an ecological orchard development application of a natural slope surface in a range of 5-25 degrees of the south red earth hilly area; the construction method mainly adopts small-size mechanical or manual digging, the slope surface disturbance is small and the cost is low; a plurality of effects of water retention, soil retention, fertilizer retention, fertilizer culture, yield increasing, incoming increasing and the like, and the win-win of economical and ecological benefits can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of construction method about the exploitation of steep hilly region in southern China domatic Ecological Orchard, especially for current Red Soil Hill Region Dry Orchard exploitation actuality, be applicable to the use of the soil and water conservation ecological orchard exploitation of 5 °, South Red Soil Region ~ 25 ° of natural slopes, belong to farm irrigation facility development field.
Background technology
Steep hilly region in southern China is the second largest serious soil and water loss zone that China is only second to loess plateau, and because the many arable lands of people are few, large slope, mountain is steep, rainfall is abundant, and particularly heavy rain is many, and vegetation is once be destroyed, under the impact of high rainfall, be easy to produce serious water and soil loss.Although carried out a series of water and soil conservation Introduction of The Comprehensive Regulating Works in recent years, its status of soil erosion has been improved, along with various production and construction project implementation, the particularly exploitation in large area orchard, mountain and hill slope district, water and soil loss situation allows of no optimist.For Xiamen City, the water and soil loss area that Development in Mountain Region causes accounts for 1/2 of whole city's water and soil loss area, and wherein 99.7% is because slope garden exploitation causes.In order to the water and soil loss that the exploitation of prevention and corntrol slope garden is caused, expressly provide in the Law on Water and Soil Conservation that on March 1st, 2011 newly promulgates and " forbid that steep hillslope opens up wasteland Planting Crops more than 25 degree.More than 25 degree, steep hillslope plants economic forest, science should select seeds, rationally determine scale, take soil and water conservation measures, prevent from causing water and soil loss." but; orchard exploitation is at present main based on big machinery excavation; the amount of breaking ground is large; to build conventional levels terrace land, the often human and material resources of at substantial, especially orchard initial stage of development; because soil and water conservation measures is not in place; often cause very serious water and soil loss, to such an extent as to buries farmland, downstream, causes the harm such as channel aggradation.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to the defect of current conventional orchard construction technology, take along contour direction, hillside fields, in the mode that artificial or small-sized machine excavate every slope, construct a kind of soil and water conservation ecological orchard construction method as far as possible retaining the annular of original vegetation or the contour counter-slope tableland formula of band shape, solve traditional orchard construction technology amount of breaking ground large, at substantial manpower and materials, the defects such as the original vegetation of heavy damage.This construction method, remains the natural vegetation in original hillside fields as much as possible, takes the form of the low bank of earth between fields and earth steps grass planting simultaneously, promotes the vegetation coverage of orchard initial stage of development further, from rainfall to the domatic soil erosion caused.Meanwhile, by changing original domatic geomorphic feature, the object of the domatic limited discharge resources of effective collection storage utilization can be played.Compare traditional orchard development technology, this technique remains original domatic natural vegetation to the full extent, and the discharge resources in hillside fields has been re-started distribute rationally, can play the effects such as water conservation, soil conservation and fertilizer conservation, be a kind of current soil and water conservation ecological orchard, South Red Soil Region construction method be worthy to be popularized simultaneously.
The present invention is achieved like this, and a kind of steep hilly region in southern China soil and water conservation ecological orchard construction method, mainly comprises: counter-slope tableland, cut down that ring ditch, the low bank of earth between fields, original vegetation are domatic, earth steps, fruit tree mulching measure and horizontal stroke soil shelves; It is characterized in that: according to the mountain and hill actual landform condition in exploitation orchard, with hillside fields contour for reference, under being equipped with the low bank of earth between fields and bank along the build of contour direction, the counter-slope tableland, counter-slope tableland of ring ditch is oblique in table top, ring ditch under bank has been dug inside table top, table top outer rim has the low bank of earth between fields and artificial earth steps and carries out plant grass and protect, retain original vegetation between tableland domatic, table top can plant each planting fruit-trees, fruit tree root is coated with the fruit tree mulching measure of the litters such as rice straw, and horizontal native shelves are arranged on cuts down ring ditch upper strata.
Described Ecological Orchard construction method can be applied to the Ecological Orchard exploitation of the natural slope between 5 ° ~ 25 °, South Red Soil Region.
Described according to different hillside fields slope requirement, its counter-slope tableland table top leaning angle scope is 3 ~ 5 °, and mesa width is between 1m-3m.
The described low bank of earth between fields and earth steps plant local suitable raw herbaceous plant.
Described horizontal soil gear stays every about 3-5m in ring ditch ditch and establishes together under bank.
Advantage of the present invention is: by steep hilly region in southern China soil and water conservation ecological orchard construction method, change original domatic landforms, by the original slope length of brachymemma, build the measures such as counter-slope tableland, change runoff and sediment transport pathway, effectively prevent the water and soil loss that rainfall causes; Remain original vegetation between counter-slope tableland, the microclimate conditions such as the recovery being more conducive to orchard environment and the photo-thermal improving endemic plant growth, meanwhile, can alleviate the slope soil erosion extent of injury; The design of ring ditch under counter-slope tableland and bank, can play the effect of well accumulation slope runoff; The rice straw covering of the herbaceous plant on the low bank of earth between fields, earth steps and fruit tree root, can effectively preventing surface soil from rainfall erosion, field is returned along with its corruption, effectively can also improve the content of organic matter of fruit tree growth soil, increase soil fertility, promote orchard soil productivity further.Compared with traditional orchard construction method, the method and saving of labor, laborsaving, can give full play to the effects such as its water conservation, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation and getting fat again, be a kind of steep hilly region in southern China soil and water conservation ecological orchard construction method be worthy to be popularized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is tableland construction technology figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is tableland of the present invention construction vertical view.
In the drawings, 1. counter-slope tableland, 2. cuts down ring ditch, 3. the low bank of earth between fields, and 4. original vegetation is domatic, 5. earth steps, 6. fruit tree mulching measure, 7. horizontal native shelves.
embodiment:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the present invention this come work and enforcement like this, a kind of steep hilly region in southern China soil and water conservation ecological orchard construction method, according to domatic landform actual conditions, building one on domatic along contour is class counter-slope tableland 1, original vegetation domatic 4 is retained between two counter-slope tablelands 1, build inside each counter-slope tableland 1 and cut down ring ditch 2, horizontal native shelves 7 are provided with every certain distance in ring ditch 2, the outer rim in each counter-slope tableland 1 builds the low bank of earth between fields 3, and on the low bank of earth between fields 3 with earth steps 5, plant suitable sward originally, tableland raise fruit trees after seedling, fruit tree mulching measure 6 need be carried out at fruit tree root, main based on litters such as rice straws.
First, with reference to exploitation mountain and hill hillside fields, orchard contour, build counter-slope tableland along contour direction, mesa width controls between 1 ~ 3m; Counter-slope tableland 1 is esotropia table top, and inner bevel controls between 3 ° ~ 5 °.
Dig ring ditch 2 under bank inside counter-slope tableland 1, and according to actual conditions, built native shelves 7 at a certain distance, be conducive to reasonable distribution slope runoff, the effects such as retaining, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation can have been played simultaneously.
Build the low bank of earth between fields 3 outside counter-slope tableland 1 and on the low bank of earth between fields 3 and earth steps 5, plant suitable sward originally, the object of protecting the ridge, the steady ridge and protecting bank and steady bank can be played, and the vegetation coverage in orchard can be promoted, avoid the erosion that rainfall causes the low bank of earth between fields and artificial earth steps.
Fruit tree root applies with litters such as rice straws, and can prevent the sputter that rainwater causes earth's surface, field is returned in the corrosion of simultaneous litter, can play certain to foster and apply fertilizer, getting fat effect.
In this construction method implementation process, according to actual landform condition, perpendicular to the original domatic length between design counter-slope tableland, contour direction, and original vegetation need be retained, and according to original vegetation growth situation, suitable artificial after-culture can be carried out.
By the enforcement of this construction method, final structure is formed a kind of along contour direction, be separated by certain retain original vegetation domatic in the form of a ring or a series of counter-slope tableland engineerings that can regulate and control slope runoff silt, conserve water and soil being equipped with ring ditch and the grass planting low bank of earth between fields under bank of band shape.
Claims (5)
1. a steep hilly region in southern China soil and water conservation ecological orchard construction method, mainly comprises: counter-slope tableland, cut down that ring ditch, the low bank of earth between fields, original vegetation are domatic, earth steps, fruit tree mulching measure and horizontal stroke soil shelves; It is characterized in that: counter-slope tableland is oblique in table top, ring ditch under bank has been dug inside table top, table top outer rim has the low bank of earth between fields and artificial earth steps and carries out plant grass and protect, retain original vegetation between tableland domatic, table top can plant each planting fruit-trees, fruit tree root carries out fruit tree mulching measure 6, and horizontal native shelves are arranged on cuts down ring ditch upper strata.
2. a kind of steep hilly region in southern China soil and water conservation ecological orchard according to claim 1 construction method, is characterized in that: described Ecological Orchard construction method can be applied to the Ecological Orchard exploitation of the natural slope between 5 ° ~ 25 °, South Red Soil Region.
3. a kind of steep hilly region in southern China soil and water conservation ecological orchard according to claim 1 construction method, is characterized in that: described according to different hillside fields slope requirement, and its counter-slope tableland table top leaning angle scope is 3 ~ 5 °, and mesa width is between 1m-3m.
4. a kind of steep hilly region in southern China soil and water conservation ecological orchard according to claim 1 construction method, is characterized in that: the described low bank of earth between fields and earth steps plant local suitable raw herbaceous plant.
5. a kind of steep hilly region in southern China soil and water conservation ecological orchard according to claim 1 construction method, is characterized in that: described horizontal soil gear stays every about 3-5m in ring ditch ditch and establishes together under bank.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105248008A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-20 | 谢庭生 | Granite red earth hilly land gentle slope economic fruit land soil working method |
| CN105325156A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-02-17 | 杭州大地科技有限公司 | Water and soil conservation method for slope land in torreya grandis forest |
| CN105638357A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-06-08 | 王虎琴 | Tea garden free of weeding and plowing |
| CN105776736A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-07-20 | 江西省环境保护科学研究院 | Method for treating agricultural non-point source pollution in hilly areas |
| CN105993506A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Yili Valley water and soil conservation type revetment grazing forest afforestation configuration method |
| CN105993263A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 谢庭生 | Compound soil-conserving and yield-increasing planting method for red-soil slope field with one narrow ridge and two wide ridges |
| CN108476893A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-04 | 文映雪 | A kind of high efficiency, low cost organic agronomic crop implantation methods |
| CN108846565A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-20 | 福建师范大学地理研究所 | Southern Red Soil corrosion area ecological recovery is intervened and the appraisal procedure of Safe withdrawing in due course |
| CN109287181A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-01 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil |
| CN109496701A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-22 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of method of Southern Red Soil hilly upland grass planting |
| CN109601236A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-12 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Shan Di Mango implantation methods |
| CN111011117A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） | Method for planting cogongrass in castanea henryi forest for preventing and treating water and soil loss |
| CN114365651A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-19 | 江西省水利科学院 | Runoff collection, storage, utilization and sewage purification system for red soil hillside orchard |
| CN116806661A (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-09-29 | 西南林业大学 | System and method for improving crop yield in hillside fields |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105248008A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-20 | 谢庭生 | Granite red earth hilly land gentle slope economic fruit land soil working method |
| CN105325156A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-02-17 | 杭州大地科技有限公司 | Water and soil conservation method for slope land in torreya grandis forest |
| CN105638357A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-06-08 | 王虎琴 | Tea garden free of weeding and plowing |
| CN105776736A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-07-20 | 江西省环境保护科学研究院 | Method for treating agricultural non-point source pollution in hilly areas |
| CN105993263A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 谢庭生 | Compound soil-conserving and yield-increasing planting method for red-soil slope field with one narrow ridge and two wide ridges |
| CN105993506A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Yili Valley water and soil conservation type revetment grazing forest afforestation configuration method |
| CN108476893A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-04 | 文映雪 | A kind of high efficiency, low cost organic agronomic crop implantation methods |
| CN108846565A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-20 | 福建师范大学地理研究所 | Southern Red Soil corrosion area ecological recovery is intervened and the appraisal procedure of Safe withdrawing in due course |
| CN109287181A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-01 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil |
| CN109496701A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-22 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of method of Southern Red Soil hilly upland grass planting |
| CN109601236A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-12 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Shan Di Mango implantation methods |
| CN111011117A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） | Method for planting cogongrass in castanea henryi forest for preventing and treating water and soil loss |
| CN114365651A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-19 | 江西省水利科学院 | Runoff collection, storage, utilization and sewage purification system for red soil hillside orchard |
| CN116806661A (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-09-29 | 西南林业大学 | System and method for improving crop yield in hillside fields |
| CN116806661B (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-11-17 | 西南林业大学 | System and method for improving crop yield in hillside fields |
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