CN109287181A - A kind of newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil - Google Patents
A kind of newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109287181A CN109287181A CN201811126774.3A CN201811126774A CN109287181A CN 109287181 A CN109287181 A CN 109287181A CN 201811126774 A CN201811126774 A CN 201811126774A CN 109287181 A CN109287181 A CN 109287181A
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- soil
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- ploughed
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- biological breadcrust
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil, comprising the following steps: screening biological breadcrust: according to the climate characteristic and soil characteristic of Southern Red Soil, selecting the biological breadcrust of nature development；Acquisition biological breadcrust: shovel takes the skinning cortex of the biological breadcrust surface layer 1-2cm thickness, crushes spare；It prepares slurries: the skinning cortex of crushing is uniformly mixed with substrate soil, nutrient solution, wood-fibred, binder, water, slurries are made；Slurries obtained: being uniformly sprayed at the soil surface in newly-ploughed orchard by sprinkling slurries, are watered, and nutrient solution is applied；Straw-returning: after two months, the soil surface in newly-ploughed orchard covers one layer of agricultural crop straw；Cover with weed: after 1 year, the soil surface according to season in newly-ploughed orchard sows corresponding sward grass seeds, and the gap of plantation cradles the surface that sward makes it be covered on soil.The present invention solves the problems, such as that the newly-ploughed orchard land occupation condition in Red Soils in Southern China area is poor, fertility level is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gardening fruit tree cultivation technical field more particularly to a kind of red soil newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting sides
Method.
Background technique
Fruits industry is the strong industry of China's agricultural, is played a very important role in China's agricultural economy.Orchard
The development of industry accelerates the exploitation of red earth mountains.The newly-ploughed orchard of south China is mainly characteristic of acid red soil at present, land occupation condition compared with
Difference, soil acid is barren thin, and quality is hard, is easy hardened blocking, and fertility level is low, these factors limit fruit tree premature labor high yield.Cause
This, how fertilizing soil, improve the content of organic matter of orchard soil, promote soil fertility, be current to guarantee that the newly-ploughed orchard in China is steady
One of key technology of development.
At present China in orchard soil cultivation management mostly with clearly plough based on, to plough deeply for main soil amelioration mode, although energy
Loose soil texture is enough maintained, controls disease pest source to a certain extent, inhibits weed growth, but topsoil structure easy to damage
And tree body rhizospheric environment, lead to nutrient loss, seriously affect soil quality, long-term results lead to tree body early ageing, the orchard underproduction；Together
When earth's surface it is long-term loose exposed, crosstab model is significantly greatly increased.Orchard soil fertility method for improving have science apply all kinds of organic fertilizers,
It returns fruit tree Litter-fall, Orchard Plant Cover kind grass and orchard ground cover and suitable domestic animal (poultry) is combined to establish environmental orchard
Deng.Rural laborer's aging at present, labour's input cost increase, and it is relatively slow that fertilizer practice promotes progress, and there are all polycyclic
Border problem；The disease pest source that fruit tree Litter-fall carries when covering may cause damages to orchard, and compost and the sterilization of high temperature compost is made
The higher cost applied again afterwards.
Red Soils in Southern China area hydrothermal resources are abundant, easily growth biological breadcrust.It is organic that soil can be improved in biological breadcrust
The content and validity of matter and part nutrient.General grass planting measure growth needs preferable land occupation condition, and plants certainly
To taking effect, required time is longer.Biological breadcrust is widely distributed in Red Soil Region of South China, easily gathers materials on the spot, and its ecological characteristics
It has been already adapted to rugged environment condition, so selecting biological breadcrust to plant a colony plant as pioneer improves soil, it is thick to increase soil
Degree, suitable life condition is provided for more high plant.Meanwhile biological breadcrust can also increase the stability of topsoil, drop
The low soil erosion.
Improving straw mulching is the effective way for improving soil nutrient content, improving soil texture, culture fertility.With cooling
Effect, and the reduction of temperature not only can be reduced the invalid evaporation of soil moisture, achieve the purpose that soil moisture conservation, and can be biological breadcrust
Soil environment preferably is created in growth, and stalk can also increase the nutrient of soil, increase the quantity of microorganism after rotting, and is improved
Soil fertility effectively facilitates the growth of biological breadcrust and fruit tree.Traditional improving straw mulching not only has the steady temperature effect of water conservation, also real
The resource utilization for having showed agricultural wastes has the function of fertilizing soil and prevents erosion.But covering methods are in reality
Due attention is not obtained in the application of border.
Although the growth of Red Soil Region of South China appropriate biological skinning, biological breadcrust plant is short and small, cannot picture without real root
Tall shrub is like that by the fixed figure of root system.Therefore, once being destroyed, it is desirable to which recovery just needs to restart.More high plant
Object has the fixed figure of root system compared with biological breadcrust, has important work for maintaining Labile soil organic carbon, improving the ecological environment etc.
With.After winter-spring season Cover with weed, due to slowing down scattering and disappearing for ground temperature, topsoil temperature can be improved, reduce the hair of frozen soil layer
It is raw, make fruit tree root system safe overwintering；It is covered in Summer High-Temperature Times, avoids direct sunlight ground, be conducive to the growth of orchard root system
Development.And the residuums such as its withered stem, fallen leaves and withered Degradation and Transformation in the soil after plantation sward, humus is formed, it can be with
Increase soil organic matter content.Red Soils in Southern China regional water is abundant, is conducive to carry out restoration of the ecosystem with vegetation.Xu Fayu
Deng in newly-ploughed orchard planting bur clover, orchard organic matter and the content of N, P, K are improved, it is organic to efficiently solve newly-ploughed orchard
The source of manure is insufficient, the high problem of strange land transportation cost.The autumn and winters such as what Warburg Pincus make big wheat straw, soil fertilizer in peach garden between in the ranks
Power, ecological environment etc. have preferable improvement.External sward technology comparative maturity, and China is because of each producing region weather, vertical
Ground condition difference is larger, in grass seed selection normalization technique corresponding with upper shortage is utilized, in addition by traditional cultivation of fields " weeding
Business is to the greatest extent ", the thoughts such as " striving rich water with fruit " influence, do not promoted and applied well always.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil, this method is able to solve
The problem that the newly-ploughed orchard land occupation condition in Red Soils in Southern China area is poor, fertility level is low, helps improve soil physico-chemical property, increases
Soil organic matter content improves the ability of orchard soil water conservation, fertilizer fertilizer conservation, improves nutrient availability, realizes that orchard is strong
Health sustainable development.
The present invention provides a kind of newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil, comprising the following steps:
S1 screens biological breadcrust: according to the climate characteristic and soil characteristic of red soil, selecting the biological breadcrust of nature development；
S2 acquires biological breadcrust: shovel takes the skinning cortex of the biological breadcrust surface layer 1-2cm thickness, crushes spare；
S3 prepares slurries: the skinning cortex of crushing being uniformly mixed with substrate soil, nutrient solution, wood-fibred, binder, water, is made
Obtain slurries；
S4 sprays slurries: slurries obtained is uniformly sprayed to the soil surface in newly-ploughed orchard, waters, and applies nutrient solution；
S5, straw-returning: after two months, the soil surface in newly-ploughed orchard covers one layer of agricultural crop straw；
S6, Cover with weed: after 1 year, the soil surface according to season in newly-ploughed orchard sows corresponding sward grass seeds, kind
The gap of plant cradles the surface that sward makes it be covered on soil.
Further, in step S1, the biological breadcrust of screening is the biology adaptable, upgrowth situation is good, coverage is high
Skinning.
Further, in step S1, the biological breadcrust filtered out is conjunction bolt chain wing moss, double-colored true moss, silver leaf true moss or narrow
Leaf Plagiomnium aculum.
Further, in step S3, nutrient solution selects Hoagland nutrient solution, and the dosage of skinning cortex is 120g/m2, matrix
The dosage of soil is 600g/m2, the dosage of nutrient solution is 2.1L/m2, the dosage of wood-fibred is 80g/m2, the dosage of binder is 2g/
m2, the dosage of water is 2.1L/m2。
Further, in step S4, the application frequency of nutrient solution is to apply primary, the amount of application of nutrient solution every two weeks
For each 2L/m2。
Further, in step S5, the agricultural crop straw selects the stalk of local wheat or rice.
Further, in step S6, Various Seasonal plants different swards, and sward collocation includes following manner:
The 3-9 month plants one of paspalum notatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Chamaecrista Rotundifolia and butch clover or a variety of；The 9-3 month plants black
One or both of wheat straw and Chinese milk vetch；
The 4-8 month plants moon Ageratum conyzoides；The 8-4 month plants Chinese milk vetch；
The 3-10 month plants and lifts one or both of peanut and vetiver；Plant rattail fescue grass the 10-3 month.
Technical solution provided by the invention has the benefit that method provided by the invention utilizes biological breadcrust, straw
Newly-ploughed orchard fertility fast lifting is realized in stalk covering and each season difference Cover with weed measure, and biological breadcrust is planted a colony as pioneer
Plant holds earth's surface, reduces soil erosion, improves soil property, then is covered with local agricultural crop straw, and it is suitable to provide biological breadcrust
Suitable growing environment and required nutrient, finally plants different swards according to season, and surface is covered after cradling or keeps it naturally rotten
Ripe, maintenance of soil fertility is improved the ecological environment, and newly-ploughed orchard whole year is made to reach the effect of " for root not from soil, soil is not from root ", thus
The biological species in each season are enriched, soil organic matter content is improved, culture fertility improves the ecological environment in newly-ploughed orchard；
Method provided by the invention has been gradually completing the promotion of soil fertility by water transfer soil conservation, realizes the steady hair in newly-ploughed orchard
Exhibition, to constructing, good production system is long-acting useful, has broad popularization and application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow diagram of the newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is further described.
Referring to FIG. 1, the embodiment provides a kind of newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting methods of red soil, including with
Lower step:
Step S1 screens biological breadcrust: according to the climate characteristic and soil characteristic of Southern Red Soil, in conjunction with local existing life
Object skinning selects nature development, biological breadcrust adaptable, upgrowth situation is good, coverage is high, in an embodiment, selection
Biological breadcrust out is to close bolt chain wing moss, double-colored true moss, the true moss of silver leaf or narrow leaf Plagiomnium aculum.
Step S2 acquires biological breadcrust: being shoveled using scuppit and takes physically well developing, being more complete for biological breadcrust surface layer 1-2cm thickness
Whole skinning cortex is placed on ventilating and cooling place and dries in the shade, the sundries such as Litter removal, is then crushed using common grinder, stirring
It is spare to be homogeneously disposed in shady place.
Step S3, prepares slurries: the skinning cortex of crushing is mixed with substrate soil, nutrient solution, wood-fibred, binder, water
It is even, slurries are made；Wood-fibred can form one layer of film for being similar to tilting blanket in soil surface, provide moisture and organic matter, together
When early development play the role of shade, reduce the soil moisture, increase air humidity；Binder can form one in extexine
Kind glue film keeps internal wet, and water moisture self restraint, fixation simultaneously protect the fragment of biological breadcrust not to be blown away or washed away by rainwater,
Biological breadcrust is set well to grow；In one embodiment, nutrient solution selects Hoagland nutrient solution, and the dosage of skinning cortex is
120g/m2, the dosage of substrate soil is 600g/m2, the dosage of nutrient solution is 2.1L/m2, the dosage of wood-fibred is 80g/m2, bonding
The dosage of agent is 2g/m2, the dosage of water is 2.1L/m2。
Step S4 sprays slurries: slurries obtained is uniformly sprayed to the soil surface in newly-ploughed orchard, is inoculated in skinning cortex
The last week afterwards, every morning, certain water was sprayed in timing, and the wettability of soil surface is made to be maintained at 15%-25%, thus
Guarantee the survival rate of skinning cortex, avoids water flow directly to impact native table in watering proce, while avoiding the formation of runoff, later according to day
Vaporous condition is watered, and applies one time of nutrition liquid every two weeks, the amount of application of nutrient solution is each 2L/m2, nutrient solution is
Hoagland nutrient solution.
Step S5, straw-returning: after two months, the coverage of biological breadcrust is up to 60% or so, at this time in newly-ploughed orchard
Soil surface covers a thin layer of agricultural crop straw, and the coverage rate of agricultural crop straw is 100%, and agricultural crop straw covering is latter
Aspect is capable of providing low temperature and moisture environment, using the growth of biological breadcrust, can increase after another aspect agricultural crop straw is decomposed
Add soil fertility, nutrient needed for biological breadcrust is provided；Agricultural crop straw can choose the stalk of local wheat or rice.
After the completion of above-mentioned management measure, soil macro aggregate quantity is improved, soil permeability increases, soil stickiness reduces,
Tillage resistance reduces, and soil can satisfy demand of the plant to moisture and air, and soil texture is effectively improved, soil losses
Reduce 100%, water loss rate reduces 4/5, and the organic matter, n p k nutrition element in soil increase.
Step S6, Cover with weed: after 1 year, the soil surface in newly-ploughed orchard sows sward grass seeds, carries out Cover with weed,
The coverage rate of sward is 100%, and Various Seasonal plants different swards, and sward collocation includes following manner:
(1) the 3-9 month plants one of paspalum notatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Chamaecrista Rotundifolia and butch clover or a variety of；The 9-3 month plants
Plant one or both of rye grass and Chinese milk vetch；
(2) the 4-8 month plants moon Ageratum conyzoides；The 8-4 month plants Chinese milk vetch；
(3) the 3-10 month plants and lifts one or both of peanut and vetiver；Plant rattail fescue grass the 10-3 month；
It periodically waters after Cover with weed, routine care cradles the surface that sward makes it be covered on soil in the gap of plantation
Or it is naturally decomposed, maintenance of soil fertility is improved the ecological environment.
Characteristic of the method provided by the invention according to climate zone locating for the garden and forest land of Red Soil Region of South China, carries out forest land
" biological breadcrust hold water and soil, straw-returning increase nutrient, Cover with weed improve environment " tillage system reform, by biological breadcrust,
Improving straw mulching and specific Cover with weed of the annual period, realize the Cover with weed in orchard complete period, avoid bare area
Occur, effectively improve the growing environment in newly-ploughed orchard, realizes the sustainable cultivation management to orchard.
The local biological breadcrust of method acquisition nature development provided by the invention, population structure and local weather and soil
Condition is adapted；Method provided by the invention can be improved soil organic matter content by improving straw mulching, reduce Fertilizer application, at
This is low, and effect is good；Method provided by the invention uses endemic plant species, and adaptable, growth is rapidly；Side provided by the invention
Method effectively prevents the drawback ploughed clearly, advantageously forms good topsoil structure, holds soil；Method provided by the invention
Coverage is high, solid-holding capacity is strong, while can effectively increase rain infiltration, reduces soil erosion, is conducive to orchard ecosystem hair
Exhibition；Method provided by the invention is avoided the appearance of bare area, enriches biological species, enhanced by the biology covering in complete period
System attack external world disaster ability, constructs good ecological environment.
In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment herein-above set forth can be combined with each other.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil, which comprises the following steps:
S1 screens biological breadcrust: according to the climate characteristic and soil characteristic of red soil, selecting the biological breadcrust of nature development；
S2 acquires biological breadcrust: shovel takes the skinning cortex of the biological breadcrust surface layer 1-2cm thickness, crushes spare；
S3 prepares slurries: the skinning cortex of crushing being uniformly mixed with substrate soil, nutrient solution, wood-fibred, binder, water, slurry is made
Liquid；
S4 sprays slurries: slurries obtained is uniformly sprayed to the soil surface in newly-ploughed orchard, waters, and applies nutrient solution；
S5, straw-returning: after two months, the soil surface in newly-ploughed orchard covers one layer of agricultural crop straw；
S6, Cover with weed: after 1 year, the soil surface according to season in newly-ploughed orchard sows corresponding sward grass seeds, plantation
Gap cradles the surface that sward makes it be covered on soil.
2. the newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1, screening
Biological breadcrust be adaptable, upgrowth situation is good, coverage is high biological breadcrust.
3. the newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1, screening
Biological breadcrust out is to close bolt chain wing moss, double-colored true moss, the true moss of silver leaf or narrow leaf Plagiomnium aculum.
4. the newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S3, nutrition
Liquid selects Hoagland nutrient solution, and the dosage of skinning cortex is 120g/m2, the dosage of substrate soil is 600g/m2, the dosage of nutrient solution
For 2.1L/m2, the dosage of wood-fibred is 80g/m2, the dosage of binder is 2g/m2, the dosage of water is 2.1L/m2。
5. the newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S4, nutrition
The application frequency of liquid is to apply once every two weeks, and the amount of application of nutrient solution is each 2L/m2。
6. the newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step S5
Agricultural crop straw selects the stalk of local wheat or rice.
7. the newly-ploughed orchard soil fertility fast lifting method of red soil as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that different in step S6
Season plants different swards, and sward collocation includes following manner:
The 3-9 month plants one of paspalum notatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Chamaecrista Rotundifolia and butch clover or a variety of；The 9-3 month plants rye grass
One or both of with Chinese milk vetch；
The 4-8 month plants moon Ageratum conyzoides；The 8-4 month plants Chinese milk vetch；
The 3-10 month plants and lifts one or both of peanut and vetiver；Plant rattail fescue grass the 10-3 month.
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| CN109831955A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-04 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of solid indigenous method and terraced fields ecological slope protection structure of terraced fields |
| CN113337297A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-03 | 贵州大学 | Soilless spraying biological covering material and preparation method thereof |
| CN116267462A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-06-23 | 华中农业大学 | Drought-resistant planting method for red soil and corn |
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| CN113337297A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-03 | 贵州大学 | Soilless spraying biological covering material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN116267462A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-06-23 | 华中农业大学 | Drought-resistant planting method for red soil and corn |
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Application publication date: 20190201 |