CN111165257A - Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area - Google Patents
Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111165257A CN111165257A CN202010157301.0A CN202010157301A CN111165257A CN 111165257 A CN111165257 A CN 111165257A CN 202010157301 A CN202010157301 A CN 202010157301A CN 111165257 A CN111165257 A CN 111165257A
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- Prior art keywords
- planting
- irrigation
- drainage
- fertilizer
- soil
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
The invention relates to a garden building and planting method for a hilly gentle slope area, which comprises the following steps: 1) building a reservoir; 2) deeply digging and building a ladder belt-shaped planting platform; 3) building a third-level irrigation and drainage channel; 4) pre-fertilizing and planting holes; 5) and (5) planting the tree seedlings. According to the method, the planting platform is mainly formed by reasonably distributing the irrigation and drainage system and the main root system distribution layer of the deeply turned fruit trees, and the garden building and planting method with the mixed pre-applied mixed fertilizer as an auxiliary is adopted, so that the problems of soil erosion, mellow soil fertilizer erosion, plant soaking and the like caused by unsmooth drainage or accumulated water to the plantation are avoided by effective retention and drainage; meanwhile, the irrigation and drainage system is utilized to ensure the water supply of the plantation, reduce the demand on the reservoir water of rivers and lakes and reduce the labor intensity of manual water diversion; the method optimizes the growth environment of fruit trees, and improves planting efficiency and fruit quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting, in particular to a garden building and planting method suitable for a hilly gentle slope area for fruit tree planting.
Background
The hills have the characteristics of relatively slow gradient, small fluctuation, low height and the like, and are one of the local shapes of five continental foundations in the world. The general rainfall in hilly areas is more abundant, is suitable for the cultivation and growth of various economic trees and fruit trees, and is very favorable for developing various economies, so that the hilly planting is popularized rapidly, but the problems are more prominent.
At present, the orchard establishment in hilly areas mostly adopts the following modes: 1. and (4) building a garden in a gentle slope, removing weeds and directly planting trees. The disadvantages of this approach are: when continuous rainstorm is encountered, the orchard is unsmooth in drainage, water and soil loss, surface cultivation mature soil loss and massive loss and waste of fertilizers are easily caused, fruit trees on the slope bottom are in a centralized drainage position for a long time in the drainage process, the respiration of the roots of the fruit trees is seriously influenced, and the rotting of the roots and the death of the fruit trees even can be caused by long-time water soaking. 2. And (4) manually or shallowly digging the ladder belt-shaped platform according to the slope terrain. The disadvantages of this approach: when continuous rainstorm is encountered, the drainage of the orchard is not smooth, and the washing force of the mountain torrents is increased from top to bottom, so that water and soil loss, soil erosion during surface cultivation, a great amount of loss and waste of fertilizers and even landslide are easily caused. And if a low-lying place exists in the platform, water can be accumulated for a long time, and part of fruit trees in the low-lying place can be seriously soaked by rainwater, so that the respiration of the roots of the fruit trees is seriously influenced, and the roots of the fruit trees are rotten and die even if the fruit trees are soaked in the water for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve and innovate the defects and problems in the prior art and provides a garden building and planting method for a hilly gentle slope area.
The invention comprises the following contents:
1. building a reservoir: and respectively building water reservoirs at the top and the bottom of the mountain according to the size of the garden and the terrain.
2. Deeply digging and building a ladder strip-shaped planting platform: digging a ladder-shaped tree planting platform according to the terrain, digging the platform soil by using a digging machine to dig the platform soil to the depth of 60-80 cm for integral soil turning, and keeping the surface mellow soil on the upper layer of the surface.
3. Constructing a third-level irrigation and drainage channel: a. the first-stage irrigation and drainage channel is distributed along the lowest position of the natural terrain in the garden and is communicated with the second-stage irrigation and drainage channel and the mountain bottom reservoir; b. the second-level irrigation and drainage channels are distributed in a plurality of strips according to the integral span of the garden, the interval between the two second-level irrigation and drainage channels is 50-80M, and the second-level irrigation and drainage channels are longitudinally distributed and are communicated with the third-level irrigation and drainage channels and the first-level drainage channels; c. ditching along the inner side of the planting platform to form a third-level irrigation and drainage channel, and constructing a transfer reservoir at the joint of the third-level irrigation and drainage channel and the second-level irrigation and drainage channel;
4. pre-fertilizing and planting holes: and excavating a planting hole on the planting platform, pre-applying planting fertilizer in the planting hole, and applying fertilizer by adopting a mode of applying fertilizer layer by layer and applying fertilizer by layer.
5. Planting the tree seedlings: planting the seedlings after one month, directly planting the seedlings by using surface soil without digging holes, and covering soil around the roots with 20-30cm in height and 1m in diameter.
Preferably, the depth of the three-level irrigation and drainage channel is 50cm-70cm, the width of each level of channel is determined according to the terrain and the topography, generally 40cm-80cm, and the plane of the planting platform inclines for 5-10 degrees towards the direction of the third-level irrigation and drainage channel, so that water storage and drainage are facilitated, and the phenomenon of water accumulation on the platform is avoided.
Preferably, the depth of the transfer reservoir is determined according to the gradient of the terrain, the maximum water capacity is about 1 cubic, the transfer reservoir is provided with a switch gate, the water storage and discharge can be controlled by opening and closing the switch gate, and the water source of the park is scientifically and reasonably controlled.
Preferably, the size of the planting hole is 0.8-1 cube, and the planting requirement can be well met.
Preferably, the field planting fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring 5 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer and 0.5 kilogram of compound fertilizer in each field planting hole according to a fertilizer-soil ratio of 1: 5, applying the mixture, covering a layer of fertilizer with a layer of mellow soil, applying the fertilizer until the depth of a planting hole is kept about 10cm, and providing effective nutrition guarantee for plants after being planted and transplanted.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the mountain top and mountain bottom water reservoirs and the three-stage irrigation and drainage channels are reasonably distributed, so that the water reservoirs and the drainage channels form a systematic plantation irrigation and drainage structure, and the problems of soil erosion, mature soil fertilizer loss, plant soaking and the like caused by unsmooth drainage or accumulated water to the plantation are effectively avoided by retention and drainage. The irrigation and drainage system is utilized to ensure the water supply of the plantation, reduce the demand on the reservoir water of rivers and lakes and reduce the labor intensity of manual water diversion. Meanwhile, a planting platform is formed by mechanically digging, deeply digging and loosening soil, so that the deeply digging soil is more beneficial to the respiration of the roots of fruit trees, the disease risk of the fruit trees is reduced, and the quality of fruits is improved; on the other hand, the continuous stormwater can also rapidly seep down, so that the harm of rain wash is reduced. The invention also combines the arrangement of an irrigation drainage system to pre-fertilize planting holes in a mode of opening holes and filling fertilizer on a platform, and performs high-ridging and field planting, thereby further optimizing the growth environment of fruit trees and improving the planting efficiency and the fruit quality.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are given below for the understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Example (b):
1. and designing an irrigation and drainage system, determining a mountain top reservoir and a mountain bottom reservoir according to the size and the terrain of the garden, and planning a three-level irrigation and drainage channel for linking the mountain top reservoir and the mountain bottom reservoir. The first-level irrigation and drainage channel is distributed along the lowest position of the natural terrain of the garden and is linked with the second-level irrigation and drainage channel and the mountain bottom reservoir. The secondary irrigation and drainage system is planned according to the whole span of the garden, generally two secondary irrigation and drainage channels are spaced by 50-80M, and the secondary irrigation and drainage channels are longitudinally distributed and are connected with a third-level irrigation and drainage channel and a first-level drainage channel. The third-level irrigation and drainage ditch is a drainage ditch for the surface water of the fruit garden.
2. Digging a ladder-shaped tree planting platform according to the terrain, digging platform soil to a depth of 60cm-80cm by using a digging machine to perform integral soil turning, paying attention to the fact that the mellow soil on the ground surface still remains on the upper layer of the ground surface, digging ditches on the inner side of the platform, wherein the depth of the ditches is 50cm-70cm, the width of each stage of water channel is generally 40cm-80cm according to the terrain, the ditches are third stage irrigation and drainage channels, and the platform plane inclines for 5-10 degrees towards the direction of digging ditches.
3. A small-sized transfer reservoir with a cubic body of 80cm x 50-80cm and a switch gate is built at the joint of the three-level irrigation and drainage channel and the two-level irrigation and drainage channel, the depth of the reservoir is mainly determined according to the gradient of the terrain, and the maximum water capacity is about 1 cubic generally.
4. Digging a planting hole, wherein the size of the planting hole is 0.8-1 cubic, pre-applying 5 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer and 0.5 kilogram of compound fertilizer to each planting hole one month before planting trees, and uniformly stirring according to the proportion of the fertilizer to the soil being 1: 5, mixing and applying, namely covering a layer of fertilizer with a layer of mellow soil, and applying the fertilizer until the depth of the planting hole is kept about 10 cm. Planting the seedlings after covering the soil for one month, directly planting the seedlings by using top soil without digging holes, covering the soil around the roots with 20-30cm high soil and 1m wide soil, and achieving the effect of ridging and cultivating. And performing conventional planting management according to different saplings in the later stage.
The construction principle of the plantation of the invention is as follows:
A. rainwater can be collected in the rainy period for irrigation in the arid season. Flood irrigation can be realized through the constructed water channel during irrigation, and manual irrigation or drip irrigation tape laying water-saving irrigation can be performed through the small water storage device of the secondary platform. The drainage is smooth in the rainy period, and the growth of fruit trees is not influenced.
B. The operation of the excavator is completed by deeply ploughing soil, digging a drainage channel and a ladder-shaped tree planting platform inclined inwards. The method is efficient and time-saving and can complete the operation at one time. Many clearances can be left to soil after the completion, and the third level drainage canal can be arranged through loose soil sinking rapidly to the more than rainwater, if meet heavy storm, the third level drainage canal can be stayed rapidly to the rainwater through the platform inclination of planting the tree.
C. The soil environment for the later-stage fruit tree growth is greatly improved, the growth of the tree is greatly facilitated, and the disease risk and the later-stage farming cost caused by soil hardening can be greatly reduced.
The garden building method is mainly characterized in that firstly, a drainage system is irrigated, secondly, a distribution layer of a main root system of the fruit tree, namely a planting platform, is deeply turned over, mixed pre-applied mixed fertilizer is an assistant, planting effects generated by the combination of the modes are embodied on healthy growth of the fruit tree and quality of fruits, and a lot of troubles are reduced for later-period conventional planting. By the method for building the orchard, the requirements of the orchard on river and lake reservoir water can be greatly reduced, the adaptability of the terrain for building the orchard can be greatly improved, and water conservancy construction and cultivation soil dressing can be completed at one time. The fruit trees provide excellent growing environment, save a large amount of cost and reduce the risks of natural disasters and insect pests, and the method has multiple purposes.
The embodiments of the present invention are described only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not for the limitation of the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully set forth in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A garden building and planting method for a hilly gentle slope area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) building a reservoir: respectively building water reservoirs at the top and the bottom of a mountain according to the size and the topography of the garden;
2) deeply digging and building a ladder strip-shaped planting platform: digging a ladder-shaped tree planting platform according to the terrain, digging platform soil by using a digging machine to dig 60cm-80cm deep to integrally dig soil, and keeping the surface mellow soil on the upper layer of the surface;
3) constructing a third-level irrigation and drainage channel:
a. the first-stage irrigation and drainage channel is distributed along the lowest position of the natural terrain in the garden and is communicated with the second-stage irrigation and drainage channel and the mountain bottom reservoir;
b. the second-level irrigation and drainage channels are distributed in a plurality of strips according to the integral span of the garden, the interval between the two second-level irrigation and drainage channels is 50-80M, and the second-level irrigation and drainage channels are longitudinally distributed and are communicated with the third-level irrigation and drainage channels and the first-level drainage channels;
c. ditching along the inner side of the planting platform to form a third-level irrigation and drainage channel, and constructing a transfer reservoir at the joint of the third-level irrigation and drainage channel and the second-level irrigation and drainage channel;
4) pre-fertilizing and planting holes: excavating a planting hole on the planting platform, pre-applying planting fertilizer in the planting hole, and applying fertilizer in a mode of one layer of fertilizer and one layer of soil;
5) planting the tree seedlings: planting the seedlings after one month, directly planting the seedlings by using surface soil without digging holes, and covering soil around the roots with 20-30cm in height and 1m in diameter.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the depth of the third irrigation and drainage canal is 50cm-70cm, the width is 40cm-80cm, and the plane of the planting platform is inclined 5-10 degrees to the third irrigation and drainage canal.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the transfer reservoir is determined according to the slope of the terrain, the maximum water capacity is about 1 cubic meter, and the transfer reservoir is provided with a switch gate.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said planting holes are 0.8-1 cubic.
5. A method for planting a garden in a gentle slope of hills as claimed in claim 1, wherein said field planting fertilizer is prepared by mixing 5 kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer in each field planting hole uniformly, and mixing them in a ratio of 1: and 5, mixing and applying, covering a layer of fertilizer with a layer of mellow soil, and applying the fertilizer until the depth of the planting hole is kept about 10 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010157301.0A CN111165257A (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2020-03-09 | Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010157301.0A CN111165257A (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2020-03-09 | Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area |
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| CN111165257A true CN111165257A (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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| CN202010157301.0A Pending CN111165257A (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2020-03-09 | Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022094859A1 (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-05-12 | 盛宝富 | Method for systematically protecting and utilizing mountain and hill resources |
| CN114731817A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-12 | 成都天本地源科技有限公司 | Self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep placement operation method suitable for liquid fertilizer |
| CN114946307A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-30 | 平武县安翔农业发展有限公司 | Barren hill and barren slope planting method |
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| CN114731817A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-12 | 成都天本地源科技有限公司 | Self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep placement operation method suitable for liquid fertilizer |
| CN114946307A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-30 | 平武县安翔农业发展有限公司 | Barren hill and barren slope planting method |
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