CN109287225B - Method for planting trees on trench slope and assisting water conservation engineering in treating soil erosion trench - Google Patents
Method for planting trees on trench slope and assisting water conservation engineering in treating soil erosion trench Download PDFInfo
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- CN109287225B CN109287225B CN201811007093.5A CN201811007093A CN109287225B CN 109287225 B CN109287225 B CN 109287225B CN 201811007093 A CN201811007093 A CN 201811007093A CN 109287225 B CN109287225 B CN 109287225B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
Abstract
A method for planting trees on a trench slope and assisting water conservation engineering to treat soil erosion ditches relates to a method for treating soil erosion ditches, firstly, the erosion ditches are selected, the slope surface in a water catchment range is provided with erosion ditches which are relatively perfect in water conservation measures, such as slope surface water conservation forests, scale pits, cut-off ditches and other water retaining engineering, and check dam are arranged in the ditches to ensure that the vertical trench slope of the erosion ditches does not collapse; and secondly, selecting sowing time or planting time, punching a hole point on a vertical trench slope with the slope of 85-90 degrees, covering a sunshade net after sowing, and erecting the sunshade net with the height of 20-40cm on the vertical wall surface. The water and fertilizer management of shrubs and arbors in the seedling stage and the growing stage is the same as the conventional management, and the water-retaining agent can be properly applied under the condition of low precipitation. The method solves the problem that the waterwheel is difficult to go to the mountainous region to erode the ditch plant cultivation and needs water, ensures the growth of the plant in the water-deficient region, simultaneously has important functions of fixing soil and preventing the ditch slope from sinking by planting trees in the vertical ditch slope, reduces the flow rate of rainwater to a certain extent, and reduces the damage to the check dam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating soil erosion gullies, in particular to a method for planting trees on a gully slope and assisting water conservation engineering in treating the soil erosion gullies.
Background
Soil erosion ditches are mainly formed due to hydraulic, wind and freeze-thaw erosion. According to the first water conservancy general survey in China, the Songliao water conservancy Committee of the department of Water conservancy carries out comprehensive investigation on channels formed by water and soil loss, particularly furrow erosion, in the black soil area in the northeast China, the total quantity of the eroded channels is 29.57 ten thousand, the number of the black dragon river provinces is the largest and is 11.55 ten thousand, the number of the Liaoning provinces is the smallest and is 4.72 ten thousand, and the number of the inner Mongolia autonomous region and the number of the Jilin are respectively 7.00 and 6.30 ten thousand. Total area of etched channel of northeast black soil region is 3648.42 km2Total length of 19.55 km, average gully density of 0.21 km/km2. Danger of erosion of trenchThere are three main aspects of harm: the most direct and obvious harm is to destroy cultivated land, break the landform, make gully vertically and horizontally, be not beneficial to mechanical cultivation, even abandon cultivation, cause the farmland area to reduce day by day, according to the water and soil loss and ecological safety comprehensive scientific investigation result in China, 25 ten thousand of various erosion gullies exist in the northeast black soil region in 2005, and the cultivated land is swallowed up to 48.3 hm2If the annual production of corn is 7500 kg/hm according to the cultivated land2The grain loss is up to 36.23 hundred million kg per year; in addition, the development of erosion ditches not only harms the local area, but also often silts up river channels, breaks roads, destroys houses, destroys water conservancy projects such as field irrigation and infrastructure such as electric power communication, brings a series of problems to downstream areas, and affects the normal development of regional society and economy; the development of erosion gullies aggravates the erosion strength of the slope, so that the water and soil loss presents a trend of continuously expanding longitudinally and transversely, the ecological environment is worsened, and the water and soil loss is accelerated. Therefore, how to design and build different erosion gully treatment modes is an urgent problem to be solved for preventing erosion gully development and preventing soil erosion.
At present, regarding the treatment of erosion ditches, the water storage type protection engineering of ditch heads and ditch slopes is to dig cut-off ditches, horizontal grooves, scale pits and the like in front of the ditch heads and the ditch slopes, plant trees such as pines and the like in the cut-off ditches, the horizontal grooves and the scale pits, and plant shrubs such as caragana microphylla and the like at the ditch stems. The drainage type protection project drains water and consolidates silt by building masonry drop and willow drop under the conditions of large rainwater area and clear water collection route. The engineering measures for treating the ditch bottom mainly comprise engineering of check houses, upturned soil belts and the like, ditch bed fixing, ditch slope stabilizing, erosion base point lifting and ditch ratio drop reducing. The treatment effect of the engineering measures is obvious. Regarding the treatment of the trench slope, the main engineering measure is slope cutting and green planting. However, the slope cutting engineering changes the boundary condition of the slope, so that the stability of the slope is reduced, when the cohesive force of soil is large, the damage of a slip crack surface starting from the slope surface is easy to occur, and the cohesive force of the soil is small, so the damage of the slip crack surface starting from the top of the slope is easy to occur. If slope protection projects such as sprayed concrete slope protection, lattice frame vegetation slope protection, stone retaining walls, frame strip type retaining walls and the like are adopted, the input manpower and material resources are large, and the treatment cost of a plurality of erosion ditches is difficult to pay economically.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting trees on a trench slope and assisting water conservation engineering in treating soil erosion trenches, which combines water interception measures such as digging fish scale pits and drainage and silt fixation measures such as check houses, does not perform slope cutting treatment, but directly performs green planting and slope fixation on the vertical trench slope of the erosion trenches, and avoids the damage to the stability of the slope.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting trees on a trench slope and assisting water conservation engineering in treating soil erosion trenches comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, digging a fish scale pit and a hillside cut-off ditch water retaining project on a slope surface formed by an erosion ditch, and arranging a check dam in the erosion ditch to ensure that an upright ditch slope of the erosion ditch does not collapse;
2) secondly, the selection of the sowing time or the planting time is preferably selected within 2 to 3 days after a rain in a field in 6 to 8 months in rainy season, so that the soil moisture content is ensured, no water or a large amount of water is needed during sowing, and in addition, the probability of the collapse of the vertical ditch slope in the current year is reduced, and the seedlings are prevented from being washed away by water;
3) local stress-resistant plants with short emergence time are selected as the sown seeds, and local drought-resistant and cold-resistant tree seeds are also selected as the planted tree seeds;
4) the method for planting in a punching mode comprises the following steps: on an upright groove slope with the gradient of 85-90 degrees, a self-made wooden handle sickle gun is used for punching, punching points are positioned, the angle of 45 degrees is formed between the punching points and the upright groove slope in a downward oblique direction, the distance between every two holes is 20-40cm along the direction of an erosion gully, the bush is 60-80cm, on the upright groove slope which is perpendicular to the direction of the erosion gully, the holes are punched at positions 50 and 100cm away from the horizontal ground, the bush is sown at the position 50cm, the arbor is sown or planted at the position 100cm, the diameter of the sown hole is 10cm, and the diameter of the seedling hole transplanted for 1 year is 20 cm; the depth of the hole is 18cm when the hole is sowed, and the depth of the transplanted seedling is 25 cm;
5) covering a sunshade net after sowing, erecting a sunshade net with the height of 20-40cm on the slope of the vertical ditch, and removing the sunshade net after seedling emergence or seedling transplantation for 10-15 days;
6) the water and fertilizer management of shrubs and arbors in the seedling stage and the growing stage is the same as the conventional management, and a water-retaining agent can be properly applied under the condition of low precipitation;
the method for planting trees on the ditch slope and assisting the water conservation engineering to control the soil erosion ditches comprises the following steps:
1) selecting new seeds with the storage time not more than 1 year to ensure the germination rate, and selecting varieties with short emergence time;
2) in order to ensure strong germination potential of seedlings, the seedlings are not subjected to germination accelerating treatment, and under the condition of good soil moisture content, the seedlings are directly sown, and soil is covered for 1-2 cm;
3) the water holding capacity of the soil in the seedling stage is 60-80%;
4) fertilizing after the true leaves of the seedlings are stretched, supplementing in a water fertilizer mode, applying a nitrogen fertilizer at the concentration of 100 plus 200mgN/kg of water, and applying the water fertilizer once after water is separated; in the next year, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are supplemented twice, the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer is the same as that of the phosphorus fertilizer, and the concentration of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is half of that of the nitrogen fertilizer.
The method for planting trees on the trench slope and assisting the water conservation engineering to control the soil erosion trench comprises the following steps:
1) the seedling emergence time of the arbor is short, and the arbor can be sowed and can be planted in the same shrub for water and fertilizer management;
2) the arbor seeds have hard pericarp, and the seedlings are transplanted; the plastic pot for seedling cultivation before transplanting needs to be watered thoroughly, and the soil lump is not damaged when the pot is taken off;
3) the transplanted seedlings form an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope, so that rainwater which falls into the holes forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope along the branches and leaves can flow into the holes;
4) compacting soil of the transplanted seedlings, and then, watering thoroughly;
5) and (4) managing the fertilizer and water of the transplanted seedlings, and applying the water and fertilizer after 1 month of seedling revival, wherein the concentration of the water and fertilizer is twice that of the sown seedlings.
The method for planting trees on the trench slope and assisting the water conservation engineering in treating the soil erosion trench comprises the following steps:
1) the sunshade net for sowing seeds needs to be encrypted and 8-needle-thick;
2) and 3 needles are selected to be not thickened for transplanting the sun-shading net of the tree seedlings.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
in the engineering, the invention adopts a fish scale pit digging and intercepting measure and a stone cage check dam drainage measure at the bottom of the ditch to ensure that the vertical ditch slope does not collapse. And when the green plants are planted on the groove slope, the trees are directly sown or transplanted by punching holes on the vertical groove slope, so that the stability of the groove slope is prevented from being damaged. In addition, holes drilled on the ditch slope form an angle of 45 degrees with the ditch slope, and arbor and shrub protection slope is sown and transplanted, so that rainwater can flow into the holes, the demand of the plants on water is guaranteed, and the demand of the plants on light and the upward demand of the plants on growth are guaranteed. The method has the outstanding advantage of reducing the economic expenditure in slope cutting in erosion gully treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the sickle gun of the present invention.
The reference numbers of the components in the figures are: 1 is a scale; 2 is a gun head; 3 is a wood handle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
1. Firstly, a fish scale pit and a hillside cut-off ditch (a water retaining project, wherein a check dam is arranged in the erosion ditch) are dug on a slope surface formed by the erosion ditch so as to ensure that the vertical ditch slope of the erosion ditch does not collapse.
2. And secondly, the selection of the sowing time or the planting time is preferably performed within 2-3 days after a rain in a field in 7-8 months in rainy season, so that the soil moisture content is ensured, no water or a large amount of water is needed during sowing, and in addition, the probability of the collapse of the vertical ditch slope in the current year is reduced, and the seedlings are prevented from being washed away by water.
3. Local stress-resistant plants with short emergence time are selected as the sown seeds, and local drought-resistant and cold-resistant tree seeds are also selected as the planted tree seeds.
4. The method for planting in a punching mode comprises the following steps: on the vertical ditch slope with the gradient of 85-90 degrees, a self-made wooden handle hook gun is used for punching, the hook gun consists of a wooden handle, a gun head and a scale, the wooden handle is provided with a long rod, one end of the wooden handle is connected with the gun head, the scale is arranged at the joint of the wooden handle and the gun head, the distance from the foremost end of the gun head to the scale is 18cm, and the distance from the foremost end of the gun head to the scale is 25 cm. And punching points obliquely downwards at an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope, wherein the distance between holes is 20-40cm from shrubs and 60-80cm from the erosion groove along the direction of the erosion groove, the vertical groove slope perpendicular to the erosion groove is punched at a position 50 and 100cm away from the horizontal ground, the shrubs are sown at a position 50cm away, the trees are sown or planted at a position 100cm away from the horizontal ground, the diameter of the sown holes is 10cm, and the diameter of the seedling holes for transplanting 1-year seedlings is 20 cm. The depth of the holes is 18cm when the seeds are sowed and 25cm when the seedlings are transplanted.
5. Sowing and transplanting: the method is characterized in that new seeds with the storage time not more than 1 year are selected from the seeds sowed by shrubs and arbors, the germination rate is guaranteed, and meanwhile, varieties with short emergence time are selected. In order to ensure strong germination potential of seedlings, the seedlings are not subjected to germination accelerating treatment, and under the condition of good soil moisture content, the seedlings are directly sown, and the soil is covered by 1-2 cm. Arbor seeds have hard pericarp, the seedlings are transplanted, the plastic pots for seedling cultivation before transplantation need to be watered thoroughly, and soil lumps are not damaged when the pots are removed; the cultivated seedlings and the vertical groove slope form an angle of 45 degrees, so that rain water flows into holes forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope along branches and leaves. The transplanted seedlings need to be compacted and then watered thoroughly.
6. Covering a sunshade net after sowing and transplanting, erecting a sunshade net with the height of 20-40cm on the slope of the vertical ditch, and removing the sunshade net after seedling emergence or 10-15 days after seedling transplantation. The sunshade net for sowing seeds needs to be selected and encrypted with 8-needle thickness, and the sunshade net for transplanting the seedlings is selected and 3-needle thickness is not increased.
7. And (3) water and fertilizer management in the seedling stage and the growth stage of the seeding seedlings: the water holding capacity of the soil in the seedling stage is 60-80%, the fertilization is started after the true leaves of the seedlings are stretched, the supplementation is carried out in a water-fertilizer mode, the applied nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the nitrogen content is applied at the concentration of 100mg nitrogen/kg water, and the water-fertilizer application is carried out once after water is separated. In the second year, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are supplemented twice, wherein the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is calcium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate respectively, the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer is the same as that of the potassium fertilizer, and the concentration of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is half of that of the nitrogen fertilizer.
8. Transplanting seedlings and managing water and fertilizer in a growth period: the transplanted seedlings and the vertical groove slope form an angle of 45 degrees, so that rainwater in the future flows into the holes forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope along the branches and leaves. The transplanted seedlings need to be compacted and then watered thoroughly. And (4) managing the fertilizer and water of the transplanted seedlings, and applying the water and fertilizer after 1 month of seedling revival, wherein the concentration of the water and fertilizer is twice that of the sown seedlings.
9. When the precipitation amount is small, the water-retaining agent can be appropriately applied.
Example 1
1. After villages in the field, Zhao family kiln, Zun, of the Tuquan county of the XingGu Xingguan county, an erosion ditch with the length of about 500 meters is selected, and a vertical ditch slope with the length of 100 meters is planted in a green mode. And (3) digging fish scale pits along a groove slope surface vertical to the trend of the erosion gully, wherein the length, width and height of each fish scale pit are 1.5 m, 0.6 m and 0.5 m, and the fish scale pits are dug in 15 rows, and each row comprises 30 fish scale pits. Planting pinus sylvestris in the pit, and planting caragana microphylla on the peduncle of the pit. And (3) arranging gabion check dam in the erosion gully, wherein 10 check dams are arranged in total at the distance of about 50 m in 500 m, and the distance is determined according to the trend of the erosion gully and the condition of vertical slope so as to ensure that the vertical groove slope of the erosion gully does not collapse.
2. The sowing and planting time is 7.29-7.31 days, the water content of the soil in the trench slope is 80% just after the 2 nd day of a heavy rain, the soil moisture content is guaranteed, water is not needed or a large amount of water is not needed during sowing, in addition, the probability of the vertical trench slope collapsing in the current year is reduced, and seedlings are prevented from being washed away by water.
3. Local stress-resistant plants with short emergence time are selected as sown seeds, shrub caragana microphylla is sown, the emergence time is one week, and local drought-resistant and cold-resistant trees are selected as planted tree species.
4. The method for planting in a punching mode comprises the following steps: on the vertical ditch slope with the gradient of 85-90 degrees, a self-made wooden handle hook gun is used for punching, as shown in figure 1, the hook gun is composed of a wooden handle 3, a gun head 2 and a scale 1, the wooden handle 3 is provided with a long rod, one end of the wooden handle 3 is connected with the gun head 2, the scale 1 is arranged at the joint of the wooden handle 3 and the gun head 2, the distance from the foremost end of the gun head 2 to the scale 1 is 18cm, and the distance from the foremost end of the gun head 2 to the scale 1 is 25 cm. And punching the hole point, wherein the hole point is obliquely downward and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope, the distance between the hole and the hole is 20-40cm from the shrub and 60-80cm from the erosion groove along the direction of the erosion groove, the hole is punched at a position 50 and 100cm away from the horizontal ground, the shrub and the caragana microphylla are sown at a position 50cm away, the arbor and the armeniaca microphylla are planted at a position 100cm away, the diameter of the sown hole is 10cm, and the diameter of the seedling hole for transplanting the 1-year seedlings is 20 cm. The depth of the holes is 18cm when the seeds are sowed and 25cm when the seedlings are transplanted.
5. Sowing and transplanting: the shrub-sown seeds are selected from new seeds with the storage time not more than 1 year, so that the germination rate is ensured, and meanwhile, the species with short emergence time is selected. In order to ensure strong germination potential of seedlings, the seedlings are not subjected to germination accelerating treatment, and under the condition of good soil moisture content, the seedlings are directly sown, and the soil is covered by 1-2 cm. The arbor and wild apricot seeds have hard pericarp, the seedlings are transplanted, the plastic pots for the seedlings are watered thoroughly before transplantation, and the soil lumps are not damaged when the pots are removed; the cultivated seedlings and the vertical groove slope form an angle of 45 degrees, so that rain water flows into holes forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope along branches and leaves. The transplanted seedlings need to be compacted and then watered thoroughly.
6. Covering a sunshade net after sowing and transplanting, erecting a sunshade net with the height of 20-40cm on the slope of the vertical ditch, and removing the sunshade net after seedling emergence or 10-15 days after seedling transplantation. The sunshade net for sowing seeds needs to be selected and encrypted with 8-needle thickness, and the sunshade net for transplanting the seedlings is selected and 3-needle thickness is not increased.
7. And (3) water and fertilizer management in the seedling stage and the growth stage of the seeding seedlings: the water holding capacity of the soil in the seedling stage is 60-80%, the fertilization is started after the true leaves of the seedlings are stretched, the supplementation is carried out in a water-fertilizer mode, the applied nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the nitrogen content is applied at the concentration of 100mg nitrogen/kg water, and the water-fertilizer application is carried out once after water is separated. In the second year, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are supplemented twice, wherein the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is calcium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate respectively, the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer is the same as that of the potassium fertilizer, and the concentration of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is half of that of the nitrogen fertilizer.
8. Transplanting seedlings and managing water and fertilizer in a growth period: the transplanted seedlings and the vertical groove slope form an angle of 45 degrees, so that rainwater in the future flows into the holes forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope along the branches and leaves. The transplanted seedlings need to be compacted and then watered thoroughly. And (4) managing the fertilizer and water of the transplanted seedlings, and applying the water and fertilizer after 1 month of seedling revival, wherein the concentration of the water and fertilizer is twice that of the sown seedlings.
9. When the precipitation amount is small, the water-retaining agent can be appropriately applied.
Example 2
1. After villages in the field, Zhao family kiln, Zun, of the Tuquan county of the XingGu Xingguan county, an erosion ditch with the length of about 500 meters is selected, and a vertical ditch slope with the length of 100 meters is planted in a green mode. And (3) digging fish scale pits along a groove slope surface vertical to the trend of the erosion gully, wherein the length, width and height of each fish scale pit are 1.5 m, 0.6 m and 0.5 m, and the fish scale pits are dug in 15 rows, and each row comprises 30 fish scale pits. Planting pinus sylvestris in the pit, and planting caragana microphylla on the peduncle of the pit. And (3) arranging gabion check dam in the erosion gully, wherein 10 check dams are arranged in total at the distance of about 50 m in 500 m, and the distance is determined according to the trend of the erosion gully and the condition of vertical slope so as to ensure that the vertical groove slope of the erosion gully does not collapse.
2. The sowing and planting time is 7.29-7.31 days, the water content of the soil in the trench slope is 80% just after the 2 nd day of a heavy rain, the soil moisture content is guaranteed, water is not needed or a large amount of water is not needed during sowing, in addition, the probability of the vertical trench slope collapsing in the current year is reduced, and seedlings are prevented from being washed away by water.
3. Local stress-resistant plants with short emergence time are selected as sown seeds, shrub tiger hazelnuts are sown, the emergence time is 10 days, and local drought-resistant and cold-resistant tree seeds are also selected as elms.
4. The method for planting in a punching mode comprises the following steps: on the vertical groove slope with the gradient of 85-90 degrees, a self-made wooden handle hook gun is used for punching, hook guns with two scales are used, one scale is 18cm in length, the other scale is 25cm in length, the hook gun with the short scale is used for sowing, and the hook gun with the long scale is used for transplanting seedlings. Punching the hole points, wherein the hole points are obliquely downward and form an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope, the distance between the holes is 20-40cm from shrubs and 60-80cm from the erosion gullies, the holes are punched at positions 50 and 100cm away from the horizontal ground along the direction of the erosion gullies, the shrubs and the hazelnuts are sown at the positions 50cm away, elms are planted at the positions 100cm away, the hole diameter of sown seedlings is 10cm, and the hole diameter of seedlings transplanted for 1 year is 20 cm. The depth of the holes is 18cm when the seeds are sowed and 25cm when the seedlings are transplanted.
5. Sowing and transplanting: the method is characterized in that the new seeds with the storage time not more than 1 year are selected from the seeds sowed by the shrub tiger hazelnuts, so that the germination rate is ensured, and meanwhile, the variety with short emergence time is selected. In order to ensure strong germination potential of seedlings, the seedlings are not subjected to germination accelerating treatment, and under the condition of good soil moisture content, the seedlings are directly sown, and the soil is covered by 1-2 cm. The elm seeds of the arbor have hard pericarps, the seedling is transplanted, the plastic pot for seedling before transplanting needs to be watered thoroughly, and the soil lump is not damaged when the pot is taken off; the cultivated seedlings and the vertical groove slope form an angle of 45 degrees, so that rain water flows into holes forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope along branches and leaves. The transplanted seedlings need to be compacted and then watered thoroughly.
6. Covering a sunshade net after sowing and transplanting, erecting a sunshade net with the height of 20-40cm on the slope of the vertical ditch, and removing the sunshade net after seedling emergence or 10-15 days after seedling transplantation. The sunshade net for sowing seeds needs to be selected and encrypted with 8-needle thickness, and the sunshade net for transplanting the seedlings is selected and 3-needle thickness is not increased.
7. And (3) water and fertilizer management in the seedling stage and the growth stage of the seeding seedlings: the water holding capacity of the soil in the seedling stage is 60-80%, the fertilization is started after the true leaves of the seedlings are stretched, the supplementation is carried out in a water-fertilizer mode, the applied nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the nitrogen content is applied at the concentration of 100mg nitrogen/kg water, and the water-fertilizer application is carried out once after water is separated. In the second year, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are supplemented twice, wherein the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is calcium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate respectively, the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer is the same as that of the potassium fertilizer, and the concentration of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is half of that of the nitrogen fertilizer.
8. Transplanting seedlings and managing water and fertilizer in a growth period: the transplanted seedlings and the vertical groove slope form an angle of 45 degrees, so that rainwater in the future flows into the holes forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope along the branches and leaves. The transplanted seedlings need to be compacted and then watered thoroughly. And (4) managing the fertilizer and water of the transplanted seedlings, and applying the water and fertilizer after 1 month of seedling revival, wherein the concentration of the water and fertilizer is twice that of the sown seedlings.
9. When the precipitation amount is small, the water-retaining agent can be appropriately applied.
Claims (4)
1. A method for planting trees on a trench slope and assisting water conservation engineering in treating soil erosion trenches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) firstly, digging a fish scale pit and a hillside cut-off ditch water retaining project on a slope surface formed by an erosion ditch, and arranging a check dam in the erosion ditch to ensure that an upright ditch slope of the erosion ditch does not collapse;
2) secondly, the selection of the sowing time or the planting time is preferably selected within 2 to 3 days after a rain in a field in 6 to 8 months in rainy season, so that the soil moisture content is ensured, no water or a large amount of water is needed during sowing, and in addition, the probability of the collapse of the vertical ditch slope in the current year is reduced, and the seedlings are prevented from being washed away by water;
3) local stress-resistant plants with short emergence time are selected as the sown seeds, and local drought-resistant and cold-resistant tree seeds are also selected as the planted tree seeds;
4) the method for planting in a punching mode comprises the following steps: on an upright groove slope with the gradient of 85-90 degrees, a self-made wooden handle sickle gun is used for punching, punching points are positioned, the angle of 45 degrees is formed between the punching points and the upright groove slope in a downward oblique direction, the distance between every two holes is 20-40cm along the direction of an erosion gully, the bush is 60-80cm, on the upright groove slope which is perpendicular to the direction of the erosion gully, the holes are punched at positions 50 and 100cm away from the horizontal ground, the bush is sown at the position 50cm, the arbor is sown or planted at the position 100cm, the diameter of the sown hole is 10cm, and the diameter of the seedling hole transplanted for 1 year is 20 cm; the depth of the hole is 18cm when the hole is sowed, and the depth of the transplanted seedling is 25 cm;
5) covering a sunshade net after sowing, erecting a sunshade net with the height of 20-40cm on the slope of the vertical ditch, and removing the sunshade net after seedling emergence or seedling transplantation for 10-15 days;
6) the water and fertilizer management of shrubs and arbors in the seedling stage and the growing stage is the same as the conventional management, and the water-retaining agent can be properly applied under the condition of low precipitation.
2. The method for planting trees on the trench slope and assisting water conservation engineering in treating soil erosion ditches as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shrub sowing and water and fertilizer management method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting new seeds with the storage time not more than 1 year to ensure the germination rate, and selecting varieties with short emergence time;
2) in order to ensure strong germination potential of seedlings, the seedlings are not subjected to germination accelerating treatment, and under the condition of good soil moisture content, the seedlings are directly sown, and soil is covered for 1-2 cm;
3) the water holding capacity of the soil in the seedling stage is 60-80%;
4) fertilizing after the true leaves of the seedlings are stretched, supplementing in a water fertilizer mode, applying a nitrogen fertilizer at the concentration of 100 plus 200mgN/kg of water, and applying the water fertilizer once after water is separated; in the next year, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are supplemented twice, the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer is the same as that of the phosphorus fertilizer, and the concentration of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is half of that of the nitrogen fertilizer.
3. The method for planting trees on a trench slope and assisting water conservation engineering in treating soil erosion trenches as claimed in claim 2, wherein the arbor cultivation and water and fertilizer management method comprises:
1) the seedling emergence time of the arbor is short, and the arbor can be sowed and can be planted in the same shrub for water and fertilizer management;
2) the arbor seeds have hard pericarp, and the seedlings are transplanted; the plastic pot for seedling cultivation before transplanting needs to be watered thoroughly, and the soil lump is not damaged when the pot is taken off;
3) the transplanted seedlings form an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope, so that rainwater which falls into the holes forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical groove slope along the branches and leaves can flow into the holes;
4) compacting soil of the transplanted seedlings, and then, watering thoroughly;
5) and (4) managing water and fertilizer of the transplanted seedlings, and applying the water and fertilizer after 1 month of seedling revival, wherein the concentration of the water and fertilizer is twice that of the sown seedlings.
4. The method for planting trees on the trench slope and assisting water conservation engineering in treating soil erosion ditches as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sunshade net is selected from the following steps:
1) the sunshade net for sowing seeds needs to be encrypted and 8-needle-thick;
2) and 3 needles are selected to be not thickened for transplanting the sun-shading net of the tree seedlings.
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