CN108200839A - A kind of oil tea implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of oil tea implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN108200839A CN108200839A CN201810131698.9A CN201810131698A CN108200839A CN 108200839 A CN108200839 A CN 108200839A CN 201810131698 A CN201810131698 A CN 201810131698A CN 108200839 A CN108200839 A CN 108200839A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of oil tea implantation methods, plant tea oil tree by excavating level terraced field band at the hillside fields in mountain area mountainous region or low mountains and hills, divide multiple oil tea growing areas；High outside and low outside water storage ditch on the inside of level terraced field band is set, can realize water conservation soil conservation fertilizer conservation, prevention soil and water loss；Technological improvement is carried out in the seed selection of tea oil tree, plantation fertilising and pruning etc. simultaneously, keeps oil tea stable and high yields and high-quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of oil tea implantation methods.
Background technology
Oil tea category Theaceae, evergreen dungarunga, because its seed can extract oil edible, therefore named oil tea.The tea oil that tea seed is squeezed out
Color clear flavor incense, full of nutrition, storage tolerance are good edible oils, it is also possible to make the iundustrial oils such as lubricating oil, antirust oil.Oil tea
Manufactured tea cake is both pesticide and fertilizer, can improve farmland water-holding capacity and prevention rice pest.China is the original of oil tea
The place of production is main woody oil tree species in south China, is generally planted in mountain area mountainous region and low mountains and hills area, can afforest famine
Mountain conserves water and soil, while is that the smooth energy of a kind of broad-leaved evergreen, leaf heavy leather matter, and trunk plays fireproofing function, is fire forest belt
Fine tree species.In recent years, country and government agencies at all levels pay high attention to the development of camellia oleiferaindustry, using development oil tea as improvement state
People's edible oil structure and the grand strategy behave for safeguarding national oil plant safety.
Oil tea long lifespan plants strong applicability, and hills, mountainous region, limes marginis can grow, but soil layer is shallow, fertility is relatively low
With on the soil of severe water and soil erosion if extensive style plantation and management, although oil tea can grow, can extend primiparity to Sheng
The time cycle of production leads to oil tea early ageing low yield and biennial bearing characteristic remarkable, influences oil tea quality and yield；And in soil layer depth
Thickness plants oil tea on loose fertile, well-drained sand, and yield and oil yield are all higher.South China is mostly in low mountains and hills
Place's plantation oil tea, low mountains and hills are mostly based on red soil, red earth or yellow soil, the shallow , Of-thin soil layers of topsoil rich in organic matter
The usual consolidation of soil glues weight, easily hardened, and ventilation water flowing condition is bad, and fertility is poor, and weathering and eluviation are strong, fertilizer-preserving ability
Weak, severe water and soil erosion when raining, often yield and oil yield are relatively low for the oil tea of plantation, and economic benefit is poor.
In the prior art, the Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN105052655A discloses a kind of oil tea plantation side
Method, by improving, cottage method, reinforcing disinfection and the rooting treatment process of cuttage seeding, culture substrate improves and cuttage environment maintenance
Integrated management, enhance the survival rate and the speed of growth of cuttage seeding, but the invention emphatically improves cuttage process, carries
The growth of high cuttage seeding, can not large area improve the planting environment and nutrition condition of tea oil tree, it is long-term to improve oil tea planting benefit.
Publication No. is that the Chinese invention patent of CN1065085990A discloses a kind of implantation methods of high yield oil tea, afforested by selection of land,
Site preparation, afforestation, prevention soil and water loss reach and promote oil tea prematurity, more results, improve tea-oil tree yield and quality.The present invention is main
To be afforested by selection of land, site preparation, seed selection, the oil teas plantation different phase prevention soil and water loss such as plantation and trimming, be a kind of water conservation,
Soil conservation, protects ecology at fertilizer conservation；Dense planting, dwarfing, stable yields and high yield oil tea planting technology.
Invention content
In view of above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of oil tea implantation methods, this method are planted from the reclamation of wasteland
Plant garden respectively plants the stage to ecological protection and the implantation methods of oil tea is improved, so as to fulfill oil tea plantation water conservation, soil conservation, guarantor
Fertilizer protects ecology；Dense planting, dwarfing, being capable of stable yields and high yield.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of oil tea implantation methods, include the following steps：
S1, trench digging of repairing the roads：When oil tea plantation is opened up wasteland, need to build transport main road, dig farming channel；The farming is led to
30~50m of distance between road；Spring water source cistern is excavated on mountain top, and spring is guided to oil tea garden cistern by kanat.
S2, site preparation is turned over：Multiple oil tea plantations are divided in the vertical direction of mountain area mountainous region or low mountains and hills along contour
Area forms hillside fields oil tea plantation；Each oil tea growing area excavates the level terraced field band for planting tea oil tree into massif；Institute
It is 40 °~50 ° to state descending grade on level terraced field band；The level terraced field band is in high outside and low outside, inward slant；Described in every
On the inside of level terraced field band, roomy band bamboo joint type water storage ditch is dug at the ladder back of the body；50~60cm of the water storage furrow width × depth
50~60cm；The water storage ditch is higher than close to tea oil tree side carries on the back side close to ladder；It is reserved between the water storage ditch and tea oil tree
The one band trail applied fertilizer for fruit picking.
Cultivation is opened in S3, digging cave：Base cave is excavated on level terraced field band ridge row after site preparation, base cave specification is wide 0.5m × length
0.5m × depth 0.5m, often more than row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m.
S4, seed selection：By in seedling replanting to planting site, one-hill-multiple-plant plants the oil tea of different cultivars in same base cave
Seedling is set, carries out intersection plantation, is pollinated mutually；
S5, fertilising：Using punching fertilization method, the oil tea that firm kind of First Year plays the fertilisings of 20~25cm depths using puncher
Hole, second year are deepened to make a call to the fertilizer applying hole of 30~35cm, third and fourth year deepens to make a call to the fertilizer applying hole of 50~60cm, after planting the 5th year
The fertilizer applying hole of 80~85cm is made a call in intensification again；Apply fertilizer equal manure use；
S6, pruning：The strong control fixed pole of trimming is taken tea oil tree, and annual trimming is primary, controls oil tea Tree height growth, makes
It can force down dwarfing；
S7, ecological protection：The oil tea plantation of firm kind of new talent, annual to remove grass twice, i.e. the March or April is primary, and nine
Month is primary；Weeding is primary before fruit is plucked in ripe oil tea plantation every year；Oil tea plantation annual August or September store up clearly
Ditch is primary；
Further, main road both sides are transported in the step S1 and opens up protection gutter；Unreclaimed deserted mountain and oil tea mountain are handed over
Tidal channel is dug at boundary.
Further, when site preparation excavates level terraced field band in the step S2, the table soil interval after turning over is deposited in band
Among water storage ditch rainwater is intercepted as waterwall；The water storage ditch is in into bamboo joint type.
Further, different tea oil tree variety selection national level breedings in the step S4, can select Hunan woods No. 1, Hunan
Woods No. 4, Fujian are excellent 43, Fujian is excellent 48, Fujian is excellent 68, a variety of choiceness row kinds in red fruit 1 and red fruit 2 intersect plantation.
Further, 5-10 kilograms of organic long-acting fertilizer under during the step S5 oil teas plantation per base cave.
Further, ladder back of the body grass trimmer or grass mower weeding during the step S7 oil teas plantation weeding.
The present invention has the advantages that：
1st, add when opening up wasteland deserted mountain in trench digging of repairing the roads in the present invention and dig gutter and tidal channel, can prevent the punching of heavy rain flood across
Road, the level terraced field band in prevention oil tea garden are washed away by water, are beneficial to the stable yields in oil tea plantation and protection during southern rainy season.
2nd, level terraced field band is excavated in the present invention and carries out oil tea plantation, take full advantage of southern more mountain area mountainous regions or low massif
The topographical features on mound；Level terraced field band is high outside and low outside, slopes inwardly and sets storage at the terraced back of the body on the inside of level terraced field band simultaneously
Ditch is conducive to water conservation soil conservation, and soil erosion occurs for hillside fields when preventing rainy season.
3rd, the table soil that filling is turned in the water storage ditch on level terraced field band of the invention, sets waterwall, water storage ditch is close
The side of tea oil tree is higher than carries on the back side close to ladder, can intercept and save rainwater, rainwater, which does not flow away, persistently to be carried to tea oil tree
Watering, prevention soil and water loss, while can effectively preserve the available nutrient of soil, preservation of fertility.
4th, different fertilizer is affixed by the different phase of tea oil tree growth, when tea oil tree seedling applies nitrogen in 1 year three times in the present invention
Fertilizer can urge seedling to promote to increase；Winter top dressing was applied before the Spring Festival and urges spring bud, improves fruit bearing rate, it is ensured that good harvest.
5th, tea oil tree is carried out in the present invention trimming strong control fixed pole, controls oil tea Tree height growth, dwarfing can be forced down,
Convenient for the picking of camellia oleifera fruit, increase the planting density of tea oil tree, improve yield；Meanwhile overcome branches and leaves between tall and big tea oil tree
It mutually blocks, so as to improve utilization rate of the tea oil tree to sunlight and air.
6th, the different excellent camellia oleifera cultivars of country is planted by intersecting in seed selection in the present invention, improves the pollination of oil tea
Success rate can therefrom select fruit bearing rate and oil yield is higher, the preferable camellia oleifera cultivar of quality.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 plants schematic diagram for oil tea；
Fig. 2 is oil tea garden schematic diagram.
1st, level terraced field band；2nd, water storage ditch；3rd, the ladder back of the body；4th, fertilizer applying hole；5th, main road is transported；6th, farming channel；7th, band is small
Road；8th, gutter is protected；9th, tidal channel.
Specific embodiment
In order to better understand the present invention, below by the present invention is further described with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments,
Embodiment is served only for explaining the present invention, can't form any restriction to the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, a kind of oil tea implantation methods, include the following steps：
S1, trench digging of repairing the roads：When oil tea plantation is opened up wasteland, need to build transport main road 5, dig farming channel 6；The farming
30~50m of distance between channel 6；Facilitate farming and transport；Transport 5 both sides of main road open up protection gutter 8；Unreclaimed famine
Mountain and oil tea mountain intersection dig tidal channel 9；The protection gutter 8 and tidal channel 9, to prevent the punching of heavy rain flood across transport main road 5
With level terraced field band 1, the plantation of southern area is more adapted to；Spring water source cistern is excavated, spring is drawn by kanat
To oil tea garden cistern, the aqueduct passed through from underground does not influence oil tea plantation.
S2, site preparation is turned over：Multiple oil tea plantations are divided in the vertical direction of mountain area mountainous region or low mountains and hills along contour
Area forms hillside fields oil tea plantation, takes full advantage of the topographical features of the more mountain area mountainous regions in south or low mountains and hills, using hillside fields not
It occupies cultivated land；Each oil tea growing area excavates the level terraced field band 1 for planting tea oil tree into massif；The level terraced field band
The 1 uplink and downlink gradient is 40 °~50 °；Growing area is excavated and facilitates plant personnel farming in level terraced field band 1；The level terraced field
Band 1 is in high outside and low outside, inward slant；In 1 inside of every level terraced field band, roomy band bamboo is dug at the ladder back of the body 3
Section formula water storage ditch 2；2 wide 50~60cm of the water storage ditch × 50~60cm of depth；The water storage ditch 2 is higher than close to tea oil tree side to be leaned on
Nearly 3 sides of the ladder back of the body；The water storage ditch 2 can save rainwater, and the rainwater of savings can slowly permeate the mound of higher side, for oil
Tea tree is persistently supplied water, while prevention soil and water loss, achievees the purpose that oil tea plantation water conservation soil conservation.Meanwhile excavate water in site preparation
During the band 1 of flat ladder field, the table mound after turning over, which is placed among band water storage ditch 2, is arranged to waterwall interception rainwater；Combine water storage
The water conservation of ditch 2, soil conservation double acting effectively save the available nutrient of soil；One is reserved between the water storage ditch 2 and tea oil tree
For the band trail 7 of fruit picking fertilising.
Cultivation is opened in S3, digging cave：Base cave is excavated on 1 ridge row of level terraced field band after site preparation, base cave specification is wide 0.5m × length
0.5m × depth 0.5m, often more than row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m.
S4, seed selection：By in seedling replanting to planting site, one-hill-multiple-plant plants the oil tea of different cultivars in same base cave
Seedling is set, intersects the camellia oleifera cultivar of selection stable high yield after plantation；Different tea oil tree variety selection national level breedings, can select
Hunan woods No. 1, Hunan woods No. 4, Fujian are excellent 43, Fujian is excellent 48, Fujian is excellent 68, a variety of choiceness row kinds in red fruit 1 and red fruit 2
Intersect plantation, pollinate mutually, improve pollination success rate and fruit bearing rate, it is ensured that oily high yield and high quality.
S5, fertilising：Using punching fertilization method, the oil tea that firm kind of First Year plays the fertilisings of 20~25cm depths using puncher
Hole 4, second year are deepened to make a call to the fertilizer applying hole 4 of 30~35cm, third and fourth year deepens to make a call to the fertilizer applying hole 4 of 50~60cm, plant the 5th year
Deepen to make a call to the fertilizer applying hole 4 of 80~85cm again afterwards；Apply fertilizer equal manure use, few for principle with secondary volume；Oil tea is every when planting
5~10 kilograms of organic long-acting fertilizer under base cave, lower depot fertilizer, allows tea oil tree slowly to absorb；Meanwhile according to the soil of different planting sites
Testing result adds appropriate trace element in organic fertilizer；Lack nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium or magnesium element in the soil of such as detection,
The trace-element fertilizers such as suitable nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers or fertiliser containing magnesium can be added into organic fertilizer.
S6, pruning：The strong control fixed pole of trimming is taken tea oil tree, and annual trimming is primary, controls oil tea Tree height growth, makes
It can force down dwarfing.The tea oil tree after dwarf treatment is forced down convenient for picking, increases planting density, improves tea-oil tree yield；It prevents
It is mutually blocked between branches and leaves, fully absorbs sunlight and air.
S7, ecological protection：The oil tea plantation of firm kind of new talent, annual to remove grass twice, i.e. the March or April is primary, and nine
Month is primary；Weeding is primary before fruit is plucked in ripe oil tea plantation every year；Oil tea plantation annual August or September store up clearly
Ditch 2 is primary, oil tea weeding when the ladder back of the body 3 use grass trimmer or grass mower weedings；On the basis of water conservation, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation, create
The good living environment in oil tea garden, plays ecological effect.
Tea oil tree is planted according to method provided by the invention, has recorded the average tree of tea oil tree per acre after plantation 3 years respectively
Height, survival rate, tea fruit yield and tea oil yield have carried out statistic record, and the results are shown in table below：
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and detailed Jie has been carried out to a kind of oil tea implantation methods provided
Continue, be not intended to restrict the invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that thought according to the present invention, in specific embodiment and
There will be changes in application range, in conclusion all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification for being made,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of oil tea implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
S1, trench digging of repairing the roads：When oil tea plantation is opened up wasteland, need to build transport main road (5), dig farming channel (6)；The farming
30~50m of distance between channel (6)；Spring water source cistern is excavated on mountain top, and spring is guided to oil tea garden by kanat stores
Pond；
S2, site preparation is turned over：Multiple oil tea growing area shapes are divided in the vertical direction of mountain area mountainous region or low mountains and hills along contour
Into hillside fields oil tea plantation；Each oil tea growing area excavates the level terraced field band (1) for planting tea oil tree into massif；It is described
Level terraced field band (1) uplink and downlink gradient is 40 °~50 °；The level terraced field band (1) is in high outside and low outside, inward slant；At every
On the inside of the level terraced field band (1), band bamboo joint type water storage ditch (2) is dug at the ladder back of the body (3)；The water storage ditch (2) is wide by 50
~60cm × 50~60cm of depth；The water storage ditch (2) is higher than close to tea oil tree side carries on the back (3) side close to ladder；The water storage ditch
(2) a band trail (7) for fruit picking fertilising is reserved between tea oil tree；
Cultivation is opened in S3, digging cave：Base cave is excavated on level terraced field band (1) ridge row after site preparation, base cave specification is wide 0.5m × length
0.5m × depth 0.5m, often more than row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m；
S4, seed selection：By in tea oil tree seedling replanting to planting site, one-hill-multiple-plant plants the oil of different cultivars in same base cave
Tea tree seedling carries out intersection plantation, pollinates mutually；
S5, fertilising：Using punching fertilization method, the oil tea that firm kind of First Year makes a call to the fertilizer applying holes of 20~25cm depths using puncher
(4), the fertilizer applying hole (4) of 30~35cm is made a call in second year intensification, third and fourth year deepens to make a call to the fertilizer applying hole (4) of 50~60cm, plants the
The fertilizer applying hole (4) of 80~85cm is made a call in intensification again after 5 years；Apply fertilizer equal manure use；
S6, pruning：The strong control fixed pole of trimming is taken tea oil tree, and annual trimming is primary, controls oil tea Tree height growth, can
Enough force down dwarfing；
S7, ecological protection：The oil tea plantation of firm kind of new talent, annual to remove grass twice, i.e. the March or April is primary, the September
Once；Weeding is primary before fruit is plucked in ripe oil tea plantation every year；Oil tea plantation annual August or September clear water storage ditch
(2) it is primary.
2. a kind of oil tea implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Main road both sides are transported in the step S1 to open up
Protect gutter (8)；Unreclaimed deserted mountain and oil tea mountain intersection dig tidal channel (9).
3. a kind of oil tea implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Site preparation excavates level terraced field in the step S2
During band (1), the table soil interval after turning over is deposited among band water storage ditch (2) and intercepts rainwater as waterwall；The water storage ditch
(1) in bamboo joint type.
4. a kind of oil tea implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Different tea oil tree kind choosings in the step S4
Select national breeding, can select Hunan woods No. 1, Hunan woods No. 4, Fujian are excellent 43, Fujian is excellent 48, Fujian is excellent 68, in red fruit 1 and red fruit 2
A variety of choiceness row kinds intersect plantation.
5. a kind of oil tea implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：During the step S5 oil teas plantation under every base cave
5~10 kilograms of organic long-acting fertilizer.
6. a kind of oil tea implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step S7 oil teas weeding when ladder carry on the back
(3) with grass trimmer or grass mower weeding.
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| CN108200839B CN108200839B (en) | 2020-08-28 |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109168841A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-11 | 湖南天沃科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of ecology oil tea |
| CN110115128A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-13 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of method that mountainous region mango opens terraced site preparation |
| CN111165257A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-19 | 湖南耘际农业发展有限公司 | Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area |
| CN113016471A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-25 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Tea garden planting method suitable for mountain area mechanized farming |
| CN113396662A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-17 | 武汉市新洲区果茶技术服务站 | Method for improving civil garden through pear tree cultivation |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109168841A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-11 | 湖南天沃科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of ecology oil tea |
| CN110115128A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-13 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of method that mountainous region mango opens terraced site preparation |
| CN111165257A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-19 | 湖南耘际农业发展有限公司 | Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area |
| CN113016471A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-25 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Tea garden planting method suitable for mountain area mechanized farming |
| CN113396662A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-17 | 武汉市新洲区果茶技术服务站 | Method for improving civil garden through pear tree cultivation |
| CN113396662B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-09-09 | 武汉市新洲区果茶技术服务站 | Method for improving civil garden through pear tree cultivation |
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