CN108174737A - A kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method - Google Patents
A kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108174737A CN108174737A CN201810131623.0A CN201810131623A CN108174737A CN 108174737 A CN108174737 A CN 108174737A CN 201810131623 A CN201810131623 A CN 201810131623A CN 108174737 A CN108174737 A CN 108174737A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming methods, and cultivation, fertilising, plantation and pruning Four processes are opened including digging cave；Pruning process further includes early stage fixed dry and major branch trimming；Trunk seedling surely dry 25cm 30cm high when planting second year；Seedling surely dry 30cm 40cm high when planting third year；Bright foot is carried out to tea oil tree major branch and removes center branch, that is, put in a skylight processing, is trimmed to main trunk center branch and along the main equally distributed side shoot of trunk axial direction surrounding, so as to expose internal layer limb；It selects and remain vigorous side shoot 34 and is trained major branch；34 major branch buds on different directions are selected and remain on every layer of major branch and form side shoot, gradually form that tree body is shorter, tree crown is opened a business good tree-like.The present invention is improved for the process of tea oil tree cultivation trimming, carries out the processing such as dense planting dwarfing, and the maintenance point of fertilizer conservation water conservation so as to improve the survival rate of tea oil tree and fruit bearing rate, realizes stable yields and high yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method.
Background technology
Oil tea category Theaceae, evergreen dungarunga, because its seed can extract oil edible, therefore named oil tea.The tea oil that tea seed is squeezed out
Color clear flavor incense, full of nutrition, storage tolerance are good edible oils, it is also possible to make the iundustrial oils such as lubricating oil, antirust oil.Oil tea
Manufactured tea cake is both pesticide and fertilizer, can improve farmland water-holding capacity and prevention rice pest.China is the original of oil tea
The place of production is main woody oil tree species in south China, is generally planted in mountain area mountainous region and low mountains and hills area, can afforest famine
Mountain conserves water and soil, while is that the smooth energy of a kind of broad-leaved evergreen, leaf heavy leather matter, and trunk plays fireproofing function, is fire forest belt
Fine tree species.In recent years, country and government agencies at all levels pay high attention to the development of camellia oleiferaindustry, using development oil tea as improvement state
People's edible oil structure and the grand strategy behave for safeguarding national oil plant safety.
Oil tea long lifespan plants strong applicability, and hills, mountainous region, limes marginis can grow, but soil layer is shallow, fertility is relatively low
With on the soil of severe water and soil erosion if extensive style plantation and management, although oil tea can grow, can extend primiparity to Sheng
The time cycle of production leads to oil tea early ageing low yield and biennial bearing characteristic remarkable, influences oil tea quality and yield；And in soil layer depth
Thickness plants oil tea on loose fertile, well-drained sand, and yield and oil yield are all higher.South China is mostly in low mountains and hills
Place's plantation oil tea, low mountains and hills are mostly based on red soil, red earth or yellow soil, the shallow , Of-thin soil layers of topsoil rich in organic matter
The usual consolidation of soil glues weight, easily hardened, and ventilation water flowing condition is bad, and fertility is poor, and weathering and eluviation are strong, fertilizer-preserving ability
Weak, severe water and soil erosion when raining, often yield and oil yield are relatively low for the oil tea of plantation, and economic benefit is poor.
In the prior art, it is inappropriate for the method for oil tea cultivating and growing, often lead to oil tea plantation survival rate and
The oil tea fruiting period is longer, and the camellia oleifera fruit oil production hung is relatively low, the Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN4823740A
A kind of shaping and trimming method of oil tea plantation is disclosed, provides that a kind of 2 or multiple trunks but trunk are upright, major branch is weak to having
Oil tea pruning, to the leaving and taking of trunk, shaping and major branch are selected and remain, and are realized and are expanded that hat width, thickening ground diameter, adjustment tree is high, is formed
It preferably gets bumper crops tree-like.But the invention is needed through multiple trimming and finishing, it is fixed it is dry, draw it is dry, remove foot branch, except sprouting, beta pruning, dredge
Branch cuts the processes such as the tip, and the experience period is long.The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN106258739A discloses a kind of high-yield tea-oil
Pruning method, including young growth trimming and trimming of growing into forest, young growth trimming includes natural open centre shape and nature globular model, by growing into forest
Trimming so that oil tea growing way is good, fruiting is early, yield is high.
In consideration of it, this researcher is improved for the process of tea oil tree cultivation trimming so that the survival rate of tea oil tree is hung
Fruit period, tea oil yield are improved.
Invention content
In view of above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method, this method are directed to
The process of tea oil tree cultivation trimming is improved, and carries out the processing such as dense planting dwarfing, fertilizer conservation maintenance point, so as to improve tea oil tree into
Motility rate and fruit bearing rate realize stable yields and high yield.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method, includes the following steps：
(1) it digs cave and opens cultivation：Tea oil tree planting matrix cave is excavated on level terraced field band ridge row after site preparation, base cave specification is width
0.5m × long 0.5m × depth 0.5m, often more than row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows are decreased to 1.5m, and 45 ° of the uplink and downlink gradient-
50°；
(2) it applies fertilizer：Using punching fertilization method, the oil tea that firm kind of First Year plays the fertilisings of 20-25cm depths using puncher
Hole, second year beat the fertilizer applying hole of 30-35cm depths, third and fourth year beats the fertilizer applying hole of 50-60cm depths, and plantation beats 80- after the 5th year
The fertilizer applying hole of 85cm depths；It applies fertilizer in every 100 kilograms of organic fertilizers plus after 3 kilograms of super absorbent resin mixing；
(3) it plants：After organic fertilizer is put into base cave, one layer of fine earth is covered above, selects 3 plants of kinds of oil tea seedling of different lines same
One cave gently dials oil tea seedling after kind is lower, allows root directly without being bent, nursery stock head Zinc fractions bread-like ensures not soak；
(4) pruning：It takes the strong control of trimming fixed dry, forces down the method for dwarfing, annual trimming is primary；Specific steps are such as
Under：
A, early stage is fixed dry：In oil tea afforestation 1-2, the young sprout that top is sprouted should retain as possible, it is made to quickly form trunk；
Trunk seedling does 25cm-30cm high surely when planting second year；Seedling does 30cm-40cm high surely when planting third year；
B, major branch is trimmed：Bright foot removes center branch, that is, put in a skylight processing, to main trunk center and along main trunk axial direction surrounding
Equally distributed side shoot is trimmed, so as to expose internal layer limb；It selects and remain vigorous side shoot 3-4 and is trained major branch；Every layer of master
3-4 major branch bud on different directions is selected and remain on branch and forms side shoot, gradually forms that tree body is shorter, tree crown is opened a business tree-like.
Further, 5-10 kilograms of organic long-acting fertilizer under every base cave when oil tea is planted in the step (2)；Tea oil tree is children
Annual March, June and December are affixed by nitrogenous fertilizer during seedling；After annual fruit picking, branch trimming after the florescence bears fruit, applied the winter before the Spring Festival
Fertilizer.
Further, super absorbent resin described in the step (2) is nontoxic high molecular material；The high water absorption
Property resin for=starch-series high molecular material, cellulose polymer material or one kind or more in protein-based high molecular material
Kind mixture.
Further, the different national breedings of oil tea strain selection of the step (3), can select Hunan woods No. 1, Hunan woods 4
Number, Fujian is excellent 43, Fujian is excellent 48, Fujian is excellent 68, a variety of choiceness row kinds in red fruit 1 and red fruit 2 intersect plantation.
Further, same level terraced fields with the tree body height formula trimming straggly on the row of ridge, form tree in the step (4)
High, the short alternate space structure between tree；It is not overlapped up and down during same tree body trimming.
The present invention has the advantages that：
1st, the method that the plantation of tea oil tree uses dense planting in the present invention, tree body height formula trimming straggly, forms tree and tree
Between high, short alternate space structure, to greatest extent using illumination, improve the ventilated situation of tree body, oil tea can be promoted
Prematurity, promotes high yield, stable yields at precocity fruiting.
2nd, the cultivation trimming of tea oil tree using dwarf treatment is forced down, controls the Seedling height of tea oil tree, is formed short in the present invention
Change tree crown, allow side branch how long fruit, convenient for tea fruit picking and production operation.
3rd, tea oil tree is cultivated in fertilizer in the present invention and adds in super absorbent resin, super absorbent resin can accomplish water storage
Sustained release, prevents the loss of moisture in fertilizer, improves utilization rate of the tea oil tree to water and nutrient to greatest extent.
Specific embodiment
In order to better understand the present invention, below by embodiment, the present invention is further described, and embodiment is served only for solving
The present invention is released, any restriction can't be formed to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method, includes the following steps：
(1) it digs cave and opens cultivation：Tea oil tree planting matrix cave is excavated on level terraced field band ridge row after site preparation, base cave specification is width
0.5m × long 0.5m × depth 0.5m, often row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 1.5m, 45 ° of the uplink and downlink gradient；
(2) it applies fertilizer：Using punching fertilization method, the oil tea that firm kind of First Year beats the fertilizer applying holes of 20cm depths using puncher, the
2 years fertilizer applying holes for beating 30cm depths, third and fourth year beat the fertilizer applying hole of 50cm depths, and the fertilizer applying hole of 80cm depths is beaten in plantation after the 5th year；
It applies fertilizer in every 100 kilograms of organic fertilizers plus after 3 kilograms of graft starch, carboxymethylated starch and grafted cellulose mixing.Oil tea is planted
When per base cave lower 6 kilograms of organic long-acting fertilizer；Annual March, June and December are affixed by nitrogenous fertilizer when tea oil tree is seedling；After florescence bears fruit,
Winter top dressing was applied before the Spring Festival；The winter top dressing is based on farm manure；
(3) it plants：After organic fertilizer is put into base cave, one layer of fine earth is covered above, selects Hunan woods No. 1, Hunan woods No. 4 and Fujian excellent 43 3
Oil tea seedling is gently dialled after 3 plants of kinds of oil tea seedling are planted under same cave, kind, allows root directly without being bent, nursery stock head Zinc fractions
Bread-like ensures not soak；
(4) pruning：It takes the strong control of trimming fixed dry, forces down the method for dwarfing, annual trimming is primary；Specific steps are such as
Under：
A, early stage is fixed dry：In oil tea afforestation 1-3, the young sprout that top is sprouted should retain as possible, it is made to quickly form trunk；
Trunk seedling does 25cm high surely when planting second year；Seedling does 30cm high surely during third year.
B, major branch is trimmed：Bright foot removes center branch, that is, put in a skylight processing, to main trunk center and along main trunk axial direction surrounding
Equally distributed side shoot is trimmed, and exposes internal layer limb；It selects and remain vigorous side shoot 3 and is trained major branch；It is selected on every layer of major branch
3 major branch buds on different directions is stayed to form side shoot, gradually form that tree body is shorter, and tree crown opens a business, is well-bedded good tree-like.
Embodiment 2
A kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method, includes the following steps：
(1) it digs cave and opens cultivation：Tea oil tree planting matrix cave is excavated on level terraced field band ridge row after site preparation, base cave specification is width
0.5m × long 0.5m × depth 0.5m, often row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 4m, spacing in the rows 1.5m, 50 ° of the uplink and downlink gradient；
(2) it applies fertilizer：Using punching fertilization method, the oil tea that firm kind of First Year beats the fertilizer applying holes of 25cm depths using puncher, the
2 years fertilizer applying holes for beating 35cm depths, third and fourth year beat the fertilizer applying hole of 60cm depths, and the fertilizer applying hole of 85cm depths is beaten in plantation after the 5th year；
It applies fertilizer in every 100 kilograms of organic fertilizers plus after 3 kg of phosphoric acid esterification starch, methyl cellulose and the mixing of soybean protein class.Oil tea
Per the lower 8 kilograms of organic long-acting fertilizer in base cave during plantation；Annual March, June and December are affixed by nitrogenous fertilizer when tea oil tree is seedling；Florescence sits
After fruit, winter top dressing was applied before the Spring Festival；The winter top dressing is mainly based on organic fertilizer；
(3) it plants：After organic fertilizer is put into base cave, one layer of fine earth is covered above, selects that Fujian is excellent 48, Fujian is excellent 68, No. 1 difference of red fruit
3 plants of kinds of oil tea seedling in same cave, gently dial oil tea seedling after kind is lower, allow root directly without being bent, nursery stock head Zinc fractions
Bread-like ensures not soak；
(4) pruning：It takes the strong control of trimming fixed dry, forces down the method for dwarfing, annual trimming is primary；Specific steps are such as
Under：
A, early stage is fixed dry：In oil tea afforestation 1-3, the young sprout that top is sprouted should retain as possible, it is made to quickly form trunk；
Trunk seedling does 30cm high surely when planting second year；Seedling does 40cm high surely when planting third year.
B, major branch is trimmed：Bright foot removes center branch, that is, put in a skylight processing, to main trunk center and along main trunk axial direction surrounding
Equally distributed side shoot is trimmed, and exposes internal layer limb；It selects and remain vigorous side shoot 4 and is trained major branch；It is selected on every layer of major branch
4 major branch buds on different directions is stayed to form side shoot, gradually form that tree body is shorter, and tree crown opens a business, is well-bedded good tree-like.
Cultivation trimming is carried out to the tea oil tree for planting 1-3 according to method provided by the invention, after having recorded trimming respectively
2 years in per acre the mean stand height of tea oil tree, survival rate, tea fruit yield and tea oil yield carried out statistic record, it is as a result as follows
Shown in table：
The present invention provides a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming methods, realize dense planting by adjusting spacing in the rows, increase in unit area
Tea oil tree planting density, so as to improve yield；Super absorbent resin is added to the work that water-absorbing-retaining is played in organic fertilizer
With being absorbed when ambient water is more, water is sustained when few, is continuously oil tea water supply；Fertilizing method traditional simultaneously, many fertilizer element meetings
Since rain drop erosion or sunlight decomposition cause nutrient loss to waste, super absorbent resin is added in fertilizer, one can be absorbed
Quantitative urea and nutrient reduces the loss of nutrient, and nutrient is fixed in soil, is continuously oil tea and provides nutrient.Oil tea
Annual March, June and December are affixed by nitrogenous fertilizer when setting as seedling, and seedling is urged slightly to increase；After annual fruit picking, branch trimming, the florescence sits
After fruit, winter top dressing was applied before the Spring Festival, urges spring bud, spring bud can just breed bud, improve fruit bearing rate, it is ensured that good harvest.Due to the oil of adult
Tea tree enjoys light, throughout the year flowers and fruits not separated branch, if trimming not in time, canopy is disorderly, and end of the branch is dense, and branches and leaves are intersected with each other
Overlapping, illumination is insufficient, easy aging, and yield is reduced, therefore the trimming of tea oil tree is all particularly significant to yield and quality, passes through morning
Phase does surely, will control the Seedling height of tea oil tree, is formed and downgrades tree crown, allow side branch how long fruit, convenient for tea fruit picking and production operation；
The processing that puts in a skylight is carried out to major branch, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light, improves optical energy utilization efficiency；Same level terraced fields are with the tree body on the row of ridge
Formula trimming highly straggly, forms high, short alternate space structure between tree and tree；It is not overlapped up and down during same tree body trimming；Have
Effect prevents mutually blocking between tea oil tree, maximally utilises illumination, improves the ventilated situation of tree body, promotes oil tea
Prematurity, precocity fruiting promote high yield, stable yields.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method provided has been carried out in detail
It is thin to introduce, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that thought according to the present invention, in specific embodiment party
There will be changes in formula and application range, in conclusion all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) it digs cave and opens cultivation：Tea oil tree planting matrix cave is excavated on level terraced field band ridge row after site preparation, base cave specification is width 0.5m
× long 0.5m × depth 0.5m, often more than row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows are decreased to 1.5m, 45 ° -50 ° of the uplink and downlink gradient；
(2) it applies fertilizer：Using punching fertilization method, the oil tea that firm kind of First Year beats the fertilizer applying holes of 20-25cm depths using puncher, the
2 years fertilizer applying holes for beating 30-35cm depths, third and fourth year beat the fertilizer applying hole of 50-60cm depths, and 80-85cm depths are beaten in plantation after the 5th year
Fertilizer applying hole；It applies fertilizer in every 100 kilograms of organic fertilizers plus after 3 kilograms of super absorbent resin mixing；
(3) it plants：After organic fertilizer is put into base cave, one layer of fine earth is covered above, selects 3 plants of kinds of oil tea seedling of different lines same
Cave gently dials oil tea seedling after kind is lower, allows root directly without being bent, nursery stock head Zinc fractions bread-like ensures not soak；
(4) pruning：It takes the strong control of trimming fixed dry, forces down the method for dwarfing, annual trimming is primary；The specific steps are：
A, early stage is fixed dry：In oil tea afforestation 1-2, the young sprout that top is sprouted should retain as possible, it is made to quickly form trunk；Plantation
Trunk seedling does 25cm-30cm high surely during second year；Seedling does 30cm-40cm high surely when planting third year；
B, major branch is trimmed：Bright foot removes center branch, that is, put in a skylight processing, uniform to main trunk center and along main trunk axial direction surrounding
The side shoot of distribution is trimmed, so as to expose internal layer limb；It selects and remain vigorous side shoot 3-4 and is trained major branch；On every layer of major branch
It selects and remain 3-4 major branch bud on different directions and forms side shoot, gradually form that tree body is shorter, tree crown is opened a business tree-like.
2. a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：When oil tea is planted in the step (2)
5-10 kilograms of organic long-acting fertilizer under per base cave；When tea oil tree is seedling, annual March, June and December are affixed by nitrogenous fertilizer；Annual fruit
After picking, branch trimming after the florescence bears fruit, applied winter top dressing before the Spring Festival.
3. a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：High water absorption described in the step (2)
Property resin be nontoxic high molecular material；The super absorbent resin is starch-series high molecular material, cellulose polymer
One or more mixtures in material, protein-based high molecular material.
4. a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The different oil tea strains of the step (3)
The national breeding of selection, can select that Hunan woods No. 1, Hunan woods No. 4, Fujian are excellent 43, Fujian is excellent 48, Fujian is excellent 68, red fruit 1 and red fruit 2
In a variety of choiceness row kinds intersect plantation.
5. a kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Same level ladder in the step (4)
Field forms high, short alternate space structure between tree and tree with the tree body height formula trimming straggly on the row of ridge；Same tree body trimming
When be not overlapped up and down.
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| CN201810131623.0A CN108174737B (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2018-02-09 | Camellia oleifera cultivation and pruning method |
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| CN201810131623.0A CN108174737B (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2018-02-09 | Camellia oleifera cultivation and pruning method |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109168841A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-11 | 湖南天沃科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of ecology oil tea |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109168841A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-11 | 湖南天沃科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of ecology oil tea |
| CN109197194A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-15 | 防城港市福桂农业开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of oil tea |
| CN109673302A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-26 | 光山县诚信实业开发有限责任公司 | The pruning method of tea oil tree |
| CN110999617A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Fertilizing method for Nanfeng mandarin orange root area |
| CN112616540A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-09 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Lithocarpus litseifolius pruning process |
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