CN112616540A - Lithocarpus litseifolius pruning process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pruning process for Lithocarpus litseifolius, which is established by a whole set of pruning process from nursery stock planting and pruning in the current year, pruning in the 2 nd year after planting, pruning in the 3 rd year after planting, pruning in the 4 th year after planting and slightly pruning in crown shape after picking from the 5 th year. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the process can ensure that the Lithocarpus litseifolius has beautiful appearance and reasonable crown-shaped structure, and can quickly form an ideal tree shape; the process has the advantages of shortening the height of the tree body, reducing the inconvenience brought to leaf picking work by the arbor body, improving the conditions of sweet tea yield, quality and the like, and laying a foundation for obtaining sweet tea with high quality and high quantity from the tree body.

Description

Lithocarpus litseifolius pruning process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant pruning, and mainly relates to a pruning process for lithocarpus litseifolius.

Background

Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun is a tree species of Lithocarpus of Fagaceae (Fagaceae), evergreen tree with the diameter of breast height of 20 m and diameter of 60 cm, and has no hair on branches and leaves, and sometimes thin white powder frost is formed after the small branches, petioles and leaf surfaces are dry. The leaf paper is made of nearly leather, elliptical, inverted oval elliptical or oval, few long and narrow ellipses are 8-18 cm long and 3-8 cm wide, the top is tapered or short and sharp, the base is wedge-shaped to wide wedge-shaped, the whole edge is provided with a middle vein protruding on the leaf surface, and each side of the side veins is 8-11 strips; the length of the petiole is 1.5-2.5 cm. The tassel-like inflorescences are arranged into a cone inflorescence with more ears, few single ears are axillary, and the length of the inflorescence is 25 cm; the length of the female inflorescence is 35 cm, sometimes the female and male inflorescences are in the same sequence, usually 2-6 spikes gather at the top of a branch, and the inflorescence axis is often sparse and short; every 3-5 female flowers have one cluster, the flower column is slightly longer than the flower quilt, and the flowers are always oily and glossy after being dried. The length of the infructescence is 30 cm, the infructescence axis is fine, and the thickness of the infructescence axis rarely exceeds 5 mm; the nut is shallow dish or short funnel shape with wide top and narrow bottom, the width is 8-14 mm, the top edge is generally flat, very thin and hairless, the nut is obviously thickened downwards and is made of hardwood, small bract triangle and arranged in a covering tile shape, the nut is in a wide cone shape with a cone tip at the top end or a shape close to a sphere, the height is 8-15 mm, the width is 12-20 mm, the chestnut is brown or reddish brown without hair, the hilum of the nut is 4 mm deep, and the aperture width is 11 mm. The flowering period is 5-9 months, and the fruit is mature in the next 6-10 months.

Lithocarpus litseifolius is a precious medicinal material of the nation, and is approved by the national Wei Ji Commission in 2011 and 2017 respectively as a pigment additive and a new food raw material plant. Leaf buds, young leaves, flower ears and old leaves of Lithocarpus litseifolius all contain high phlorizin substances, and they have special effects in treating hypertension, diabetes, etc. At present, the phlorizin oral liquid is used for developing various products such as phlorizin medicine capsules, safe oral hypoglycemic medicine sweet tea, compound tea bags, instant tea and the like. The Lithocarpus litseifolius is in a wild state for a long time, and the resource supply can be enlarged only by developing the standardized cultivation of artificial forests, so that the resources of Lithocarpus litseifolius can be better served for public health care industry. As the small arbor species, if the artificial cultivation forest is allowed to grow naturally, the picking work difficulty after entering the utilization period is very large, and the picking cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a lithocarpus litseifolius pruning process.

The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means. A lithocarpus litseifolius pruning process comprises the following steps:

1) planting and pruning the seedlings in the current year: after the 2-year-old seedlings are fixedly planted in spring, the seedlings are allowed to naturally grow, after the plants stop growing in winter, all lateral branches are trimmed off, and the trunk is fixed at the height of 30 centimeters;

2) pruning in the 2 nd year of planting: in other seasons, plants are allowed to grow naturally, the trunk is fixed at the height of 50-55 cm in winter, branches above 5-10 cm above the ground are all cut off, the cut is kept smooth, and side branches at other heights are cut and kept consistent with the height of the trunk;

3) pruning in the 3 rd year of planting: in other seasons, plants are allowed to grow naturally, the trunk is fixed at the height of 75-80 cm in winter, branches above the ground 15-25 cm away from the ground are all cut off, and lateral branches at other heights are trimmed to the crown surface according to the fixed trunk at equal height, so that the semi-arc crown shape is kept;

4) pruning in the 4 th year of planting: in other seasons, the plants are allowed to grow naturally, the trunk is fixed at the height of 110 centimeters in winter, the lateral branches at other heights are pruned to form a semi-arc shape on the top surface of the tree body according to the fixed trunk and the same height;

5) crown slight pruning in the 5 th year of planting: the crown shape is slightly trimmed after picking fresh leaves in spring, branches and leaves sprouting in summer and autumn are slightly trimmed after the tree stops growing in winter, and the top surface of the tree body is trimmed to be semi-arc-shaped.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: based on the biological characteristics of extremely strong germination capacity and the like of Lithocarpus litseifolius, dwarfing cultivation by gardening means such as shaping and pruning is an important component of the basic work of the standardized cultivation of artificial forests, and is also an important mode and a convenient way for rapidly obtaining a large amount of resources in a short period. The process can ensure that the Lithocarpus litseifolius has beautiful appearance and reasonable crown-shaped structure, and can quickly form an ideal tree shape; the process has the advantages of shortening the height of the tree body, reducing the inconvenience brought to leaf picking work by the arbor body, improving the conditions of sweet tea yield, quality and the like, and laying a foundation for obtaining sweet tea with high quality and high quantity from the tree body.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:

as shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a Lithocarpus litseifolius pruning process, which comprises the following steps of planting nursery stocks, pruning in the current year, pruning in the 2 nd year after planting, pruning in the 3 rd year after planting, pruning in the 4 th year after planting and slightly pruning crowns after picking in the 5 th year, establishing a whole set of pruning process:

1) planting and pruning the seedlings in the current year: and (3) after the 2-year-old seedlings are planted in spring, allowing the seedlings to grow naturally, cutting off all lateral branches after the plants stop growing in winter, and fixing the trunk at the height of 30 centimeters. The fixed trunk is 30 cm, so that the first branch of the plant has a certain height from the ground, and meanwhile, the penetration of the bottom layer of the plant is ensured by pruning the lateral branches, and a foundation is laid for a later tree structure.

2) Pruning in the 2 nd year of planting: in other seasons, plants are allowed to grow naturally, the trunk is fixed at the height of 50-55 cm in winter, branches above 5-10 cm above the ground are all cut off, the cut is kept smooth, and side branches at other heights are cut and kept consistent with the height of the trunk;

3) pruning in the 3 rd year of planting: in other seasons, plants are allowed to grow naturally, the trunk is fixed at the height of 75-80 cm in winter, branches above the ground 15-25 cm away from the ground are all cut off, and lateral branches at other heights are trimmed to the crown surface according to the fixed trunk at the same height, so that the semi-arc crown shape is maintained.

4) Pruning in the 4 th year of planting: in other seasons, the plants are allowed to grow naturally, the trunk is fixed at the height of 110 centimeters in winter, the lateral branches at other heights are pruned on the top surface according to the fixed trunk and the same height, and the top surface of the tree body is in a semi-arc shape.

5) Crown slight pruning in the 5 th year of planting: the crown shape is slightly trimmed after picking fresh leaves in spring, branches and leaves sprouting in summer and autumn are slightly trimmed after the tree stops growing in winter, and the top surface of the tree body is trimmed to be semi-arc-shaped.

It should be noted that:

1. naturally growing the plants planted in the spring of 2-4 years to ensure that the branches and leaves on the crown surface of the tree are rich; the plants in the long winter absorb rich nutrients, so that the trees can naturally grow in spring, and the luxuriant branches and leaves provide good conditions for the radian of the crown surface.

2. Fixing the trunk and pruning the lateral branches of the plants in winter of 2-4 years for field planting, and ensuring the crown height of the trunk and the full tree body structure; the trunk is fixed and trimmed for 3 years continuously, so that the continuous increase of the plant crown shape is ensured, and the trunk develops towards the established crown shape structure. And pruning the lateral branches to ensure the permeability of the bottom layer of the plant.

3. Slightly trimming the crown shape after picking in spring from the 5 th year of field planting to ensure the radian of the crown surface of the plant and sufficient blade growth every other year; the leaves are picked in spring and then pruned in time, so that the nutrient consumption of the leaf-free branches is reduced, and the crown surfaces of the trees are tidy.

4. Slightly trimming the crown shape after picking in winter from the 5 th year of field planting, reducing nutrient consumption and keeping the tree shape beautiful; the summer leaves and the autumn leaves are pruned after photosynthesis and tree nutrient supply are completed, so that the beautiful tree appearance is maintained, the winter freezing can be avoided, the nutrient consumption can be reduced, and new branches and leaves germinate in the spring of the next year.

It should be understood that equivalent substitutions and changes to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be made by those skilled in the art to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A lithocarpus litseifolius pruning process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) planting and pruning the seedlings in the current year: after the 2-year-old seedlings are fixedly planted in spring, the seedlings are allowed to naturally grow, after the plants stop growing in winter, all lateral branches are trimmed off, and the trunk is fixed at the height of 30 centimeters;

2) pruning in the 2 nd year of planting: in other seasons, plants are allowed to grow naturally, the trunk is fixed at the height of 50-55 cm in winter, branches above 5-10 cm above the ground are all cut off, the cut is kept smooth, and side branches at other heights are cut and kept consistent with the height of the trunk;

3) pruning in the 3 rd year of planting: in other seasons, plants are allowed to grow naturally, the trunk is fixed at the height of 75-80 cm in winter, branches above the ground 15-25 cm away from the ground are all cut off, and lateral branches at other heights are trimmed to the crown surface according to the fixed trunk at equal height, so that the semi-arc crown shape is kept;

4) pruning in the 4 th year of planting: in other seasons, the plants are allowed to grow naturally, the trunk is fixed at the height of 110 centimeters in winter, the lateral branches at other heights are pruned to form a semi-arc shape on the top surface of the tree body according to the fixed trunk and the same height;

5) crown slight pruning in the 5 th year of planting: the crown shape is slightly trimmed after picking fresh leaves in spring, branches and leaves sprouting in summer and autumn are slightly trimmed after the tree stops growing in winter, and the top surface of the tree body is trimmed to be semi-arc-shaped.

Images