CN107494166B - Pruning method for improved trunk-shaped tree form suitable for mountain peach tree planting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a pruning method of an improved trunk-shaped tree form suitable for mountain peach tree planting, which is characterized in that trunk fixing is carried out in a sapling period (the tree age is less than 2 years), branches except main branches on a trunk are thinned, and the main branches are allowed to naturally grow until the trunk length exceeds 1 m; then, thinning the lateral branches on the main branches in a mode of thinning one branch from another branch, and utilizing the long fruit branches to carry out fruiting; after picking the peaches in the season, thinning long fruit branches bearing fruits for the first time, and thinning or retracting side branches on main branches after fruiting for 2-3 years so as to replace bearing branches. The pruning is carried out according to the method of the invention, the problems of low yield and fruit reduction in the earlier stage of other tree forms can be effectively avoided, the operation is simple and easy, the plants can be reasonably close planted, the early fruit can be obtained, and the yield is high.

Description

Pruning method for improved trunk-shaped tree form suitable for mountain peach tree planting

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting and cultivating of mountain peach trees, and particularly relates to a pruning method for an improved trunk-shaped tree form suitable for planting of mountain peach trees.

Background

The peach tree is a kind of camptotheca acuminata, and the tree shape and the tree body structure directly influence the sunlight distribution in the crown, the flower bud formation, the flower bud quality and the branch and tip life, and further influence the yield and the quality of fruits. In southern China, the peach tree form adopts the open heart shape, the annular shape and the Y shape of a large crown under the condition of sparse planting so as to adapt to the habit of gladness of the peach tree, but the peach tree form also has certain defects, such as low yield and slow forming in the early period of the open heart shape and the annular shape, and the phenomena of bore baldness, outward shift of fruiting parts, easy splitting of bone trunk branches and the like caused by slight negligence of management, thereby causing the reduction of the quality and the yield of fruits.

Meanwhile, besides the variety genetic characteristics and the illumination factors, the factors influencing the fruit quality also comprise factors such as the warm and humid microclimate conditions of leaf curtain light, the number of canopy branches and leaves, the reasonable distribution of canopy branches and leaves and the like. Therefore, when tree shapes are researched, the influence of microclimate conditions in the tree crowns, such as the number of branches and leaves on the canopy, reasonable distribution of the branches and leaves on the canopy and the like on the yield and the quality of the peach fruits is deeply researched, the high-quality and high-efficiency tree structure is favorably established, and the method has great significance for improving the quality and the yield of the fruits.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an improved trunk-shaped tree form pruning method suitable for mountain peach tree planting, which can effectively solve the problems of low yield and reduced fruits in the early stage of other tree forms.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a pruning method of an improved trunk-shaped tree form suitable for mountain peach tree planting comprises the following steps:

(1) trunk fixing is carried out on the tree body with the age of less than 2 years, branches of the trunk except for the main branches are thinned, the main branches are not cut short, and the tree body is allowed to grow naturally until the length of the trunk exceeds 1 m; the proper height of the tree body is beneficial to increasing the illumination of the tree body and optimizing the canopy structure of the peach tree;

(2) thinning the lateral branches on the main branches, enabling the remained branches not to be truncated and retracted, and utilizing long fruit branches to carry out fruiting; the fruit is heavier after being enlarged, so that branches drop (namely the fruit presses the tree), the over-high growth of the tree body can be inhibited, the farm work activities such as field operation, picking and the like are facilitated, and the problems that the tree body of the vertical tree shape is higher and is inconvenient to operate are solved;

(3) thinning the long fruit branches with the first fruit; the light is fully utilized, the light interception capability is improved, and the great waste of nutrients of the tree body is reduced;

(4) and after fruiting for 2-3 years, thinning or retracting the lateral branches on the main branches.

The specific operation of thinning in the step (2) is as follows: 40-50% of the lateral branches are removed in a way of thinning one branch at a time.

The specific operation of thinning in the step (3) is as follows: after picking of the current-year peaches is finished, 60% -70% of branches of the branches which are finished are removed in a mode of thinning two branches at a distance, 40% -50% of branches of the current-year newly-born branches which do not bear fruits are removed in a mode of thinning one branch at a distance, and the branches which are not thinned are reserved to form bearing branches in the next year.

The specific operation of thinning in the step (4) is as follows: after picking of the current peach fruit is finished, thinning out all branches which are finished, and reserving the newly grown branches which do not have fruit in the current year as the fruit branches in the next year; the retraction is such that the length of the lateral branches does not exceed 90 cm.

As a preferable scheme: every thinning should keep the distance between adjacent fruiting branches at 20-40 cm.

The Fujian mountains and the peach gardens are mostly built on hilly lands, are generally planted in small pieces and cannot be connected in a centralized manner due to the limitation of cultivation conditions, and the use of agricultural machinery is limited. The invention provides a modeling pruning method specially suitable for mountain peach tree planting, which is simple and easy to operate, ensures reasonable distribution of leaves and normal expansion of leaf area index due to relatively high tree body, improves light receiving efficiency, and has strong relative light interception capability, thereby not only effectively avoiding the problems of low yield and reduced fruits in the early stage of other tree forms, but also realizing reasonable close planting so as to achieve the purposes of premature fruits, high yield and high yield.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.

The following specific implementation processes are all actually operated in the peach orchard of the original factory of ancient county and county of Ningde city in Fujian province.

(1) Randomly selecting 20 small trees with the age of not more than 2 years and the trunk of not more than 1m in the young tree period in a peach orchard for trunk fixation, thinning all branches of the trunk except for the main branch, keeping the distance between the branches of adjacent fruiting branches to be 20-40cm, keeping the main branch not to be truncated, uniformly slowly releasing the branches until the trunk length exceeds 1 m;

(2) thinning the lateral branches on the main branches of the tree body, removing 40-50% of branches in a mode of thinning one branch at a time, keeping the distance between the branches of adjacent fruit branches to be 20-40cm, enabling the remained branches not to be truncated and retracted, and utilizing long fruit branches to fruit;

(3) after picking of the current-season peach fruits is finished, thinning the fruiting branches of the first fruiting in the trees, namely removing 60% -70% of branches of the branches with fruits by thinning two branches, removing 40% -50% of branches of the current-year fresh branches without fruits by thinning one branch, keeping the distance between adjacent fruiting branch branches to be 20-40cm, and keeping the branches without thinning to form the fruiting branches in the next year.

(4) Thinning the lateral branches on the main branches of the test trees after the fruits are hung for 3 years, namely thinning all branches with fruits after the picking of the peaches in the season is finished, reserving all newly grown branches without fruits in the current year to form bearing branches in the next year, and keeping the distance between the branches of the adjacent bearing branches to be 20-40 cm;

1. the tree body illumination of the test tree is measured in the fruit ripening season of 7 months, the influence of different tree forms on the tree body illumination is compared, and the obtained data are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 Effect of different Tree forms on Tree illumination

2. Randomly selecting 100 fruits picked from the test peach trees, randomly selecting 100 fruits of each tree shape in other tree shapes with the same tree age as the garden, and measuring the average soluble solid content, soluble sugar content, titratable acid content, fruit hardness and vitamin C content of each tree shape fruit, wherein the data are shown in the table 2.

TABLE 2 influence of different tree forms on the peach fruit quality index

3. And (4) counting the influence of labor force consumed by each pruning and economic benefit of different trees, wherein the data is shown in a table 3.

TABLE 3 influence of different trees on labor and economic benefit

From the above data it follows: the improved trunk-shaped tree form obtained by the pruning method of the invention has better effects than other tree forms in the aspects of illumination utilization, fruit quality, labor saving and production increase.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A pruning method of an improved trunk-shaped tree form suitable for mountain peach tree planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) trunk fixing is carried out on the trees with the age of less than 2 years, branches of the trunk except for the main branches are thinned, and the main branches are allowed to naturally grow until the length of the trunk exceeds 1 m;

(2) thinning the lateral branches on the main branches, enabling the remained branches not to be truncated and retracted, and utilizing long fruit branches to carry out fruiting;

(3) thinning the long fruit branches with the first fruit;

(4) after fruiting for 2-3 years, thinning or retracting the lateral branches on the main branches;

the specific operation of thinning in the step (2) is as follows: removing 40-50% of lateral branches by thinning one branch at a time;

the specific operation of thinning in the step (3) is as follows: after picking of the current peach fruit is finished, removing 60% -70% of branches of the branches which are finished with the picking according to a mode of thinning two branches at a distance of one branch, and removing 40% -50% of branches of the current-year-old branches which do not bear fruits according to a mode of thinning one branch at a distance of one branch;

the specific operation of thinning in the step (4) is as follows: after picking of the current peach fruit is finished, thinning out all branches which are finished, and reserving the newly grown branches which do not have fruit in the current year as the fruit branches in the next year; the retraction is such that the length of the lateral branches does not exceed 90 cm.

2. The trimming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: every thinning should keep the distance between adjacent fruiting branches at 20-40 cm.