CN106212190B - High-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and trimming method and application of camellia oleifera - Google Patents
High-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and trimming method and application of camellia oleifera Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and trimming method and application of a tea-oil tree. The high-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and trimming method for the camellia oleifera trees performs bud picking and trimming on the main trunk, the main branches and the side branches; the height of the cut camellia oleifera tree is 1.9-2.2m, and the method is very suitable for the planting management of the close-planted camellia oleifera tree. The tree form pruning method provided by the invention aims at early reshaping and subsequent bud picking pruning of the oil-tea tree, has low requirements on pruning technology, saves time, labor and time, ensures that the whole height of the oil-tea tree is suitable for manually picking fruits, can also ensure that the tree form of the oil-tea tree is uniformly layered, has good ventilation effect, and ensures that the close planting oil-tea tree can also obtain higher unit yield of oil-tea fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a shaping and trimming method of a camellia oleifera tree and application thereof, and particularly relates to a high-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree shaping and trimming method of the camellia oleifera tree and application thereof.
Background
Camellia oleifera (Camellia oleifera Abel.) alternative: tea tree, tea oil tree, and white flower tea; theaceae Camellia, evergreen small arbor. The seeds can be used as raw materials for oil extraction of tea oil. The camellia oleifera is a unique woody edible oil tree species in China and is one of four woody oil tree species in the world, and has very important functions in the aspects of national forestry industry construction, ecological construction, edible plant oil safety guarantee, national health level improvement and the like. The tea-oil tree has very strong ecological adaptability and is one of the pioneer forestation tree species and the most important ecological tree species in barren southern hilly red soil areas. The tea oil is clear in color, delicious, rich in nutrition and long in storage life, and is high-quality edible oil; can also be used as lubricating oil and antirust oil for industry. The tea cake is not only a pesticide but also a fertilizer, and can improve the water storage capacity of the farmland and prevent and control pests in the rice field. The pericarp is the raw material for extracting tannin extract. The whole body of the tea-oil tree is treasure, and the annual output in China is only about 20 ten thousand tons, which can not meet the market demand at all.
Extensive tree management, structural disorder and low light energy utilization rate are important reasons of low yield of the oil tea. In order to improve the yield of the oil-tea camellia, in the prior art, researches are mostly carried out on a cultivation method of the oil-tea camellia, an extraction method of effective components in oil-tea camellia fruits or a method for utilizing the effective components of the oil-tea camellia and products formed by the method, for example, the publication number is CN101962396A, namely a method for preparing tea saponin from oil-tea camellia cakes, tea seed cakes or tea cakes, the publication number is CN104285648B, namely a method for promoting bud drawing of oil-tea camellia grafted seedlings, aims to solve the problem of slow/irregular bud drawing of the oil-tea camellia grafting, the publication number is CN103342726A, namely a preparation method and application of blood sugar lowering oil-tea flavonoids, and the like, but reports on the tree-shaped pruning of the oil-tea camellia to improve the yield of the oil-tea camellia are few.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the high-light-efficiency time-saving and labor-saving tree-shaped shaping and trimming method which can improve the yield of the oil-tea tree, enables the operation of shaping and trimming the oil-tea tree to be simple, saves time and labor, and is convenient for picking the oil-tea tree, the application and the trimmed oil-tea tree.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the high-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and trimming method for the camellia oleifera trees, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
A. early stage dry fixing: when the length of the main trunk of the camellia oleifera is 35-45cm, completely removing the lateral buds which are higher than the ground by not more than 30cm on the trunk; when the main trunk grows to the height of 50-55cm, the top tip is cut short at the height of 35-45 cm; the main trunk pruning aims to limit the high growth of the camellia oleifera trees, cultivate short trunks, promote the development of strong root systems of the camellia oleifera trees and provide sufficient nutrients for the camellia oleifera trees;
B. pruning main branches: selecting 3-5 side buds which are strong in growth and evenly distributed around the main trunk along the axial direction to cultivate main branches, wherein the height difference of each layer of main branches is 5-10cm, 3-4 main branch buds of each layer of main branches are reserved in different directions to cultivate first-level side branches, and 1 main branch bud is selected and reserved at the base part of each main branch to develop to form an auxiliary branch;
C. pruning side branches: uniformly and alternately selecting and reserving 3-4 primary side branches on each main branch, reserving 3-4 strong branches on each primary side branch as secondary side branches, and staggering the directions of the secondary side branches; 1-2 plump buds are selected and reserved at the base parts of the first-level lateral branches and the second-level lateral branches, and the shaping of the tree-shaped main body is finished.
That is to say, through the height that can control the tea-oil tree on the one hand of early plastic, on the other hand makes the even level that has of tea-oil tree form, does benefit to the ventilation printing opacity of tea-oil tree between the layer, improves the luminous energy utilization efficiency, and the tea-oil tree after the plastic is even, output improves greatly.
Preferably, the high-lighting-effect, time-saving and labor-saving tree shaping and pruning method for the camellia oleifera trees further comprises a step D, wherein the step D is to maintain pruning: then, 3 buds at the top end of each branch and 1 full bud close to the base of each branch are reserved in spring every year.
Namely, the maintaining and pruning are carried out after the tree-shaped main body is shaped, the traditional pruning is replaced by a bud picking mode, time and labor are saved, the whole oil tea tree can be maintained for a long time, and the larger fruit yield is maintained.
Preferably, in the method for shaping and pruning the camellia oleifera tree, when the length of the main trunk of the camellia oleifera in the step a is 40cm, all the lateral buds of the trunk, which are higher than the ground by not more than 30cm, are removed.
Preferably, in the method for shaping and pruning the camellia oleifera tree, the lateral buds of the trunk, which are higher than the ground by more than 30cm, in the step a are thinned, and the thinning standard is as follows: no more than 4 lateral buds were retained per emergence point.
Preferably, in the method for shaping and pruning the camellia oleifera tree, when the main trunk is 50cm long, the top tip is cut short at 40cm in the step a.
Preferably, in the method for shaping and pruning the camellia oleifera tree, the height difference of the main branch buds on each layer in the step B is 5-10cm, and 3 main branch buds are reserved on each layer.
Preferably, in the method for shaping and pruning the camellia oleifera tree, the number of the main branches in the step C is 3-4, the number of the first-stage side branches on each main branch is 3-4, and the number of the second-stage side branches is 6-9.
The high-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and trimming method for the camellia oleifera trees is applied to the camellia oleifera trees planted in close planting.
Preferably, the row spacing of the field planting plants planted in the camellia oleifera tree close planting mode is 2m × 3 m.
The height of the camellia oleifera cut by the camellia oleifera tree high-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and trimming method is 1.9-2.2 m. The method is used for pruning the oil-tea tree, the height of the pruned oil-tea tree is 1.9-2.2m due to the fixed height of the main trunk, and the oil-tea tree with the height is very suitable for farmers to manually pick oil-tea fruits without using external instruments. The traditional pruning is replaced by the bud picking method, the requirement on the pruning technology is not high, the operation of farmers is facilitated, and the bud picking method is time-saving, labor-saving and labor-saving compared with the traditional pruning method.
In conclusion, the tree-shaped reshaping and pruning method provided by the invention aims at early reshaping and subsequent bud picking and pruning of the oil-tea tree, is time-saving, labor-saving and labor-saving compared with the traditional pruning method, so that the whole height of the oil-tea tree is suitable for manually picking fruits, the tree shape of the oil-tea tree can be uniformly layered, the ventilation effect is good, and the unit yield of higher oil-tea fruits can be obtained by densely planting the oil-tea tree.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. The described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Planting and managing in the first year: selecting high-quality grafting seedlings to construct a garden, wherein the row spacing of the planting seedlings is 3 mx (5-5.5) m, the new shoots sprouting from the top ends of 1-year-old grafting seedlings are reserved as much as possible to quickly form a trunk, all the buds below 30cm on the trunk are wiped off, and the lateral buds above 30cm are properly thinned off to prevent dense lateral branches formed by bud development and bent trunk. The trunk can be shaped when the trunk is as long as 55cm, namely the top tip is cut short at the position of 45 cm.
In the second year: selecting 3-4 plump buds with vigorous growth, culturing into main branches, wherein the main branches are required to grow vigorously and are uniformly distributed on the periphery, and each layer has a distance of 5-10 cm. Meanwhile, a plump bud is selected and reserved at the base part of the main branch as an auxiliary cultivation branch which is mainly used for auxiliary cultivation of a tree body and balancing tree vigor, and the plump bud is used for replacing the original main branch when the main branch cannot be recovered due to diseases, insect pests or accidental damage.
In the third year: 3-4 primary side branches are uniformly and alternately reserved on each main branch, 3-4 secondary side branches are reserved on the primary side branches, and the directions of the secondary side branches are staggered. And (4) selecting and reserving 1-2 plump buds as auxiliary culture branches at the upper base parts of the main branch, the first-level lateral branch and the second-level lateral branch. The tree shape is basically finished, and an ideal tree shape with 3-4 main branches and 6-9 secondary side branches is formed.
Beginning in the fourth year, 3 shoots at the top of an annual shoot and 1 full shoot near its base are retained in the spring each year.
Example two
Planting and managing in the first year: selecting high-quality grafting seedlings to build a garden, wherein the row spacing of the planting seedlings is 2m multiplied by 3m, the new shoots sprouting from the top ends of 1-year-old grafting seedlings are kept as much as possible to quickly form a trunk, all the buds below 30cm on the trunk are wiped off, and the lateral buds above 30cm are properly thinned off to avoid dense lateral branches formed by bud development and bending of the trunk. The trunk can be shaped when the trunk is as long as 55cm, namely, the top tip is cut short at the position of 40 cm.
In the second year: selecting 3-4 plump buds with vigorous growth, culturing into main branches, wherein the main branches are required to grow vigorously and are uniformly distributed on the periphery, and each layer has a distance of 5-10 cm. A plump bud is selected and reserved at the base of the main branch as an auxiliary cultivation branch which is mainly used for auxiliary cultivation of a tree body, the tree vigor is balanced, and the main branch replaces the original main branch when the main branch cannot be recovered due to diseases, insect pests or accidental damage.
In the third year: 3-4 primary side branches are uniformly and alternately reserved on each main branch, 3-4 secondary side branches are reserved on the primary side branches, and the directions of the secondary side branches are staggered. And (4) paying attention to the base parts of the main branches, the first-level lateral branches and the second-level lateral branches to select and reserve 1-2 plump buds as auxiliary culture branches, and basically completing the tree form.
Beginning in the fourth year, 3 shoots at the top of an annual shoot and 1 full shoot near the base are retained in the spring each year.
EXAMPLE III
Planting and managing in the first year: selecting high-quality grafting seedlings to build a garden, wherein the row spacing of the planting seedlings is 3m multiplied by 4m, the new shoots sprouting from the top ends of 1-year-old grafting seedlings are kept as much as possible to quickly form a trunk, all the buds below 30cm on the trunk are wiped off, and the lateral buds above 30cm are properly thinned off to avoid dense lateral branches formed by bud development and bending of the trunk. The trunk is shaped when it is 52cm long, i.e. the tip is truncated at 35 cm.
In the second year: 3-4 side branches with vigorous growth are selected and cultured into main branches, the main branches are required to grow strongly, the periphery of the main branches is uniformly distributed, and the main branches are layered, and each layer has a distance of 5-10 cm. A plump bud is selected and reserved at the base of the main branch to be cultured into an auxiliary culture branch which is mainly used for auxiliary culture of a tree body and balancing tree vigor, and the main branch replaces the original main branch when the main branch cannot be recovered due to diseases, insect pests or accidental injury.
In the third year: 3-4 primary side branches are uniformly and alternately reserved on each main branch, 3-4 secondary side branches are reserved on the primary side branches, and the directions of the secondary side branches are staggered. And (4) selecting and reserving 1-2 plump buds as auxiliary culture branches at the upper base parts of the main branch, the first-level lateral branch and the second-level lateral branch. The tree shape is basically finished, and an ideal tree shape with 3-4 main branches and 6-9 first-level lateral branches is formed.
Beginning in the fourth year, 3 shoots at the top of an annual shoot and 1 full shoot near the base are retained in the spring each year.
Each example is provided with a control test field of one mu, the camellia oleifera in the control test field is not subjected to bud picking and pruning, the examples and the control test field are subjected to fertilization culture according to a common method, the yield of camellia oleifera fruits of the camellia oleifera cultured in the examples is 8% higher than that of the camellia oleifera fruits in the control test field on average, and the quality of camellia oleifera fruits produced by the camellia oleifera in the second example is higher than that of the camellia oleifera in the control test field by 12% at most. Compared with the traditional pruning method, the bud picking and pruning method for the oil-tea trees saves time, labor and labor, the heights of the pruned oil-tea trees are all 1.9-2.2m, and manual picking of oil-tea fruits is very convenient.
Claims (1)
1. A high-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and pruning method for a tea-oil tree is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. early stage dry fixing: when the length of the main trunk of the camellia oleifera is 35-45cm, completely removing the lateral buds which are higher than the ground by not more than 30cm on the trunk; when the main trunk grows to 50-55cm, the top tip is cut short at 35-45 cm;
B. pruning main branches: selecting and reserving side buds which are strong in growth and evenly distributed around the main trunk axial direction to cultivate main branches, wherein the height difference of each layer of main branches is 5-10cm, 3-4 main branch buds are reserved in each layer of main branches in different directions to cultivate first-level side branches, and 1 main branch bud is selected and reserved at the base of each main branch to develop to form auxiliary branch;
C. pruning side branches: uniformly and alternately selecting and reserving 3-4 primary side branches on each main branch, reserving 3-4 strong branches on each primary side branch as secondary side branches, and staggering the directions of the secondary side branches; 1-2 plump buds are selected and reserved at the base parts of the first-level lateral branches and the second-level lateral branches, and the shaping of the tree-shaped main body is finished;
D. maintaining pruning: then, 3 buds at the top end of the annual branch and 1 full bud close to the base part of the annual branch are reserved in spring every year;
when the length of the main trunk of the oil tea is 40cm in the step A, completely wiping off lateral buds on the trunk, which are higher than the ground by not more than 30 cm;
and C, in the step A, thinning and removing the lateral buds which are higher than the ground by 30cm on the trunk, wherein the standard of thinning and removing is as follows: not more than 4 lateral buds are reserved at each budding point;
in the step A, when the main trunk is 50cm long, the top tip is cut short at the position of 40 cm;
in the step B, the height difference of each layer of main branches is 5-10cm, and 3 buds are reserved in each layer of main branches;
in the step C, 3-4 primary side branches are adopted, and 6-9 secondary side branches are adopted;
the high-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and trimming method for the camellia oleifera trees is applied to the camellia oleifera trees planted in close planting;
the row spacing of the field planting plants for the close planting of the camellia oleifera is 2m multiplied by 3 m;
the bud picking pruning saves time and labor, and the height of the pruned oil-tea tree is 1.9-2.2 m.
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| CN108200839B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-08-28 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | Camellia oleifera planting method |
| CN108174737B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-08-28 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | Camellia oleifera cultivation and pruning method |
| CN111527970B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-07 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Pruning method for fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter fruit tree type |
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| CN103477826B (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2016-04-06 | 池州林荣生态林业发展有限公司 | Oil tea method for planting |
| CN104823740B (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2017-04-12 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Shaping pruning method for planting tea-oil tree |
| CN105453975A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-04-06 | 石伟昌 | Tea tree equal-height and synchronous-ripe sizing trimming method |
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