CN104823740B - Shaping pruning method for planting tea-oil tree - Google Patents
Shaping pruning method for planting tea-oil tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN104823740B CN104823740B CN201510220800.9A CN201510220800A CN104823740B CN 104823740 B CN104823740 B CN 104823740B CN 201510220800 A CN201510220800 A CN 201510220800A CN 104823740 B CN104823740 B CN 104823740B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shaping pruning method for planting a tea-oil tree, which relates to a tree body management technology in the planting of the tea-oil tree, and particularly relates to a shaping pruning method of the tea-oil tree. In order to overcome the weaknesses of the prior art, the invention provides a shaping pruning method for shaping and pruning the tea-oil tree with two or more upright trunks and weak main branches, the trunks are reserved and shaped, the main branches are reserved, the crown breadth is enlarged, the ground diameter is increased, the height of the tree is adjusted, an ideal high-yield tree shape is formed, the diseases and insect pests can be reduced, the vigorous growth of the tea-oil tree can be promoted, the yield of fresh fruits is increased, and the tea-oil tree can bear the fruit one year ahead.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tree body management technique in a kind of oil tea plantation, and in particular to a kind of pruning side of oil tea
Method.
Background technology
First Year winter of the oil tea typically after afforestation should just proceed by pruning, and the 2-3 after afforestation starts shaping, and
Although many oil tea Planting households have learnt the knowledge of some oil tea prunings, have certain understanding to pruning, but to having 2
Individual or multiple trunks and trunk is upright, major branch is weak tea oil tree pruning effect or undesirable, tree crown vertical expansion is more, horizontal
Few, the trunk number even more than 5 to expansion, before cutting strunk, trunk highly is more than 150 centimetres, and trunk spreading angle and ground are into 75-
95 degree of angles, major branch quantity 15-25；Thus the consequence brought is afforestation oil tea tree body or tall and thin, hat width is narrow, Cheng Yuan after 3 years
Cylindricality, the long potential difference of oil tea, bear fruit late, yield poorly.
The content of the invention
Objects of the present invention：In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the present invention to provide a kind of the whole of oil tea plantation
Shape pruning method, the oil tea pruning to having 2 or multiple trunks but trunk is upright, major branch is weak, the method can not only expand
Hat width, the thick ground diameter of increasing, the adjustment height of tree, formation preferably get bumper crops generation that is tree-like, reducing pest and disease damage, promote oil tea robust growth,
Fresh pod yield can also be improved and the previous year is carried and born fruit.
A kind of shaping and trimming method technical scheme of oil tea plantation of the present invention is as follows：
（One）Pruning
1）, rest period pruning, i.e. winter pruning carries out to Second Year in late November for 2 months, this stage oil tea
Into resting state, resin flowing is slow, and blade and branch nutrient content are minimum, now prune nutrient loss at least, and wound is easy
Healing；Tea fruit also in period of embryo, also will not cause artificially to come off because of pruning, this stage be oil tea pruning it is optimal when
Phase, but remove foot branch, except sprouting, beta pruning, sparse branching, cut the tip, cutting strunk, draw the pruning techniques such as branch all to carry out in this stage；
2）, trophophase pruning, i.e. spring, the summer, autumn pruning, do not advocate that trophophase carries out big intensity pruning, this
Be the supplement of winter pruning, can carry out any time, main pruning project have removing foot branch, except sprouting, pinching, bud picking,
Flower and fruit thinning etc.；
（Two）It is tree-like after pruning
By pruning, the cylinder deformation tall and thin by the tree body before pruning, trunk is upright, major branch is weak, hat width is narrow
Into trunk spreading angle is larger, the vigorous, hat width of major branch growth is big natural globular model or natural open centre shape；
（Three）Shaping is in two times
1）, shaping first
（1）Choose trunk：The whole of only 2-3 trunk is left and taken；There are more than 4 trunks, it is impossible to less than 3, at most
No more than 5, and branch direction of extension should be evenly distributed, and stay the first major branch of choosing to be not less than 10 centimetres from the ground, not higher than
50 centimetres.After trunk is chosen, the trunk do not selected and remain first is wiped out, then wipes out foot branch and rudiment bar；
（2）It is fixed dry：After trunk determines, it is the binding site of hat width maximum trunk and major branch in the average height of tree, will top
End grow up it is dry clip, after cutting strunk, the major branch direction of the superiors outwardly and should be evenly distributed, if tree crown is layering shape, and have
Two-layer or multilamellar hat width are all almost big, then preferably, in a word, the position of cutting strunk is most for 70 cm of positional distance ground of cutting strunk
Well not below 50 centimetres, 90 centimetres are not exceeded；
（3）Draw dry；By being drawn with rope, small wooden support, hang the methods such as stone, plastic bag soil gravity weight increasing oil tea
The angle of trunk in tree body, trunk are controlled at 60 degree or so with the angle on ground；
（4）Choose major branch；Each trunk is stayed and selects major branch 3-5, it is impossible to less than 3, do not exceed 5, each trunk
First major branch base portion is no less than 30 centimetres away from ground, and the distance between same direction major branch base portion should be greater than 25 centimetres, choosing master
Should select and remain a number of auxiliary support branch in thorax in trunk during branch；
2）, second shaping
The general rest period after shaping first a year is carried out, and the main purpose of current shaping is to determine secondary major branch；Method
Be on each major branch an enriching shoot to be selected and remain as the first secondary major branch away from 15 cm of trunk, start every 10 lis from the first secondary major branch
Rice or so select and remain second, third, fourth officer major branch, secondary major branch direction mutually staggers, and should not stay the branch of downward growth, same direction
The distance between secondary major branch base portion should be greater than 20 centimetres.If the length of whole major branch is more than 50 centimetres, then in the pair of caudal end
Major branch top is cut off by major branch with major branch joint portion；
（Four）Pruning method
1）, prune technical measures:It is main include removing foot branch, except sprouting, beta pruning, sparse branching, cut the tip, bud picking, flower and fruit thinning
Deng；
2）, prune principle：Based on pruning off, cut it is close stay thin, go weak to stay strong；
3）, shearing procedure：First cut portion, then cut middle and upper part, it is outer to cut hat after first cutting in hat, accomplish interior thorax " logical and not empty ",
Not heavy, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the interior full outer full, ventilation and penetrating light in left and right；
4）, concrete pruning method：Foot branch and rudiment bar are removed during dormancy, deadwood, sick branch is wiped out, intersection weight is pruned off
Folded branch, thin and delicate interior thorax branch, the cutting back branch of excessive growth, because hat width is not up to condition of bearing fruit, bud of erasing, flower bud and flowers and fruits can be carried out at any time；
(1）, when carrying out cutting back to branch, clip bud should have blade, and the direction of clip bud must stay in shoot growth and send out
The direction of exhibition, i.e. clip bud otherwise more should have been cut disorderly, and clip bud will have been satisfied outwardly or towards the direction for not having branch or branch less
Full, cutting back clip is 1-2 centimetre with the distance of clip bud;Clip bud is more, retains the 1-3 full growth that meets and requires
Bud, remaining bud erases；
( 2）, branch bounced back, clip should be pressed close to retain branch, make reservation branch parallel with clip, pruning clip will
It is smooth and have certain angle, that is, tiltedly cut, stake should not be stayed；
(3）, horizontal branch cutting back when to stay bud, make young sprout come back；
(4）, whole piece branch pruned off, clip is smooth, and the part for staying is as far as possible short, preferably within 3 millimeters；
(5）, pruning will with cultivate cover, apply fertilizer, the measure such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control coordinates carries out, the sick branch cut should be use up
Take out of soon and process or burn outside woods；
（6）New method shaping reaches：Trunk number 2-5,70 cms of height after cutting strunk, trunk spreading angle and ground
Into 60 degree of angles or so, major branch quantity stays 9-15 in face；
Beneficial effect of the present invention：
There are 2 or multiple trunks but trunk is upright, major branch is weak oil tea pruning new method using of the present invention, energy
Promote the robust growth of oil tea, improve fresh pod yield and carry the previous year and bear fruit.Test and shown, in fertilising, weeding, pest and disease damage
In the case that the measures such as preventing and treating are the same, 0.79 centimetre of the ground diameter increment by oil tea after this method pruning 1 year is by common side
1.23 times of 0.64 centimetre of the ground diameter increment of method pruning；Ground diameter increment after pruning 2 years（Compared with upper one year）0.84
Centimetre it is 1.38 times of 0.61 centimetre of commonsense method ground diameter increment；Ground diameter increment after pruning 3 years（Compared with upper one year）
1.41 centimetres is 1.37 times of 1.03 centimetres of commonsense method ground diameter increment；By the ground diameter of 3 years total oil teas of this method pruning
3.04 centimetres of increment is 1.38 times of 2.28 centimetres of the ground diameter increment by commonsense method pruning.By this method pruning one
After year, 38 centimetres of the hat width increment of oil tea is 2.11 times by 18 centimetres of commonsense method pruning hat width increment；After pruning 2 years
Hat width increment（Compared with upper one year）27 centimetres is 1.59 times of 17 centimetres of commonsense method hat width increment；After pruning 3 years, hat width increases
Amount（Compared with upper one year）30 centimetres is 1.58 times of 19 centimetres of commonsense method hat width increment；Close within 3 years by this method pruning
95 centimetres of the hat width increment of meter oil tea is 1.76 times of 54 centimetres of the hat width increment by commonsense method pruning.It is whole by this method
After shape is pruned 3 years（Winter in 2014）4.36 centimetres of the ground diameter of oil tea, 138 centimetres of hat width are by commonsense method pruning
3.62 centimetres of oil tea ground diameter, 1.20 times of 98 centimetres of hat width and 1.41 times.And by this method pruning oil tea in
2013（After pruning 2 years）Start to bear fruit, 0.55 kilogram of fresh fruit, oil tea of the same year by commonsense method pruning are produced in strain
79 centimetres of hat width, 199 centimetres of the height of tree has just met the condition of bearing fruit (80 centimetres of hat width, 140 centimetres of the height of tree）；This method pruning is pressed
Oil tea 2014（After pruning 3 years）1.9 kilograms of every plant of fresh pod yield is per plant of the oil tea by commonsense method pruning
2.92 times of 0.65 kilogram of fresh pod yield.
Specific embodiment
Face township ferry village shopkeeper row on duty builds oil tea garden within 2008, plants within 2009,1120 mu of area.In winter in 2011
Starting to select 200 plants by the inventive method has 2 or multiple trunks but trunk is upright, major branch is weak oil tea carries out first time shaping
Prune, selecting 200 plants else has 2 or multiple trunks but trunk is upright, major branch is weak and the substantially suitable oil tea of tree-like size is by general
Circulation method carries out pruning, respectively ground diameter, hat width, the height of tree is remembered by the difference of shaping and trimming method before pruning every time
Record, while still being counted weight respectively to fresh pod yield, result of the test is auspicious to be see the table below.
Unit：Centimetre, kilogram
Remarks：Before control time is annual winter pruning
Claims (2)
1. the shaping and trimming method that a kind of oil tea is planted, technical scheme are as follows：
（One）Pruning
1）, rest period pruning, i.e. winter pruning carries out to Second Year in late November for 2 months, and this stage oil tea enters
Resting state, resin flowing are slow, and blade and branch nutrient content are minimum, now prune nutrient loss at least, and wound easily heals；
Tea fruit also in period of embryo, also will not cause artificially to come off because of pruning, and this stage is the best period of oil tea pruning, remove
Foot branch, except sprouting, beta pruning, sparse branching, cut the tip, cutting strunk, draw branch pruning technique all to carry out in this stage；
2）, trophophase pruning, i.e. spring, the summer, autumn pruning, do not advocate that trophophase carries out big intensity pruning, this is the winter
The supplement of season pruning, can be carried out any time, main pruning project have removing foot branch, except sprouting, pinching, bud picking, flower thinning
Fruit thinning；
（Two）It is tree-like after pruning
By pruning, by the tree body before pruning it is tall and thin, trunk is upright, major branch is weak, the cylinder that hat width is narrow becomes main
Dry spreading angle is larger, major branch grows the big natural globular model of vigorous, hat width or natural open centre shape；
（Three）Shaping is in two times
1）, shaping first
（1）Choose trunk：The whole of only 2-3 trunk is left and taken；There are more than 4 trunks, leaving and taking can not be less than 3, at most
No more than 5, and branch direction of extension should be evenly distributed, and stay the first major branch of choosing to be not less than 10 centimetres from the ground, not higher than
50 centimetres；After trunk is chosen, the trunk do not selected and remain first is wiped out, then wipes out foot branch and rudiment bar；
（2）It is fixed dry：Trunk determine after, tree average height be hat width maximum trunk and major branch binding site, by top to
Upper growth is dry to clip, and after cutting strunk, the major branch direction of the superiors outwardly and should be evenly distributed；Tree crown is layering shape, has two-layer or multilamellar
Hat width is all almost big, 70 cm of positional distance ground of cutting strunk, not below 50 centimetres of the position of cutting strunk, does not exceed
90 centimetres；
（3）Draw dry；By being drawn with rope, small wooden support, hang stone, plastic bag soil gravity drop method increasing tea oil tree body in
The angle of trunk, trunk are controlled at 60 degree or so with the angle on ground；
（4）Choose major branch；Each trunk is stayed and selects major branch 3-5, stays choosing can not to exceed 5 less than 3, each trunk
First major branch base portion is no less than 30 centimetres away from ground, and the distance between same direction major branch base portion is more than 25 centimetres, selects major branch
When in the trunk thorax select and remain a number of auxiliary support branch；
2）, second shaping
Rest period after shaping first a year carries out second shaping, and the main purpose of current shaping is to determine secondary major branch；Side
Method is on each major branch to select and remain an enriching shoot as the first secondary major branch away from 15 cm of trunk, is started every 10 from the first secondary major branch
Cm select and remain second, third, fourth officer major branch, secondary major branch direction mutually staggers, and should not stay the branch of downward growth, same side
To the distance between secondary major branch base portion should be greater than 20 centimetres；To the length of whole major branch more than 50 centimetres, then in caudal end
Major branch top is cut off by secondary major branch with major branch joint portion；
（Four）Pruning method
1）, prune technical measures:It is main include removing foot branch, except sprouting, beta pruning, sparse branching, cut the tip, bud picking, flower and fruit thinning；
2）, prune principle：Based on pruning off, cut it is close stay thin, go weak to stay strong；
3）, shearing procedure：First cut portion, then cut middle and upper part, it is outer to cut hat after first cutting in hat, accomplishes interior thorax " logical and not empty ", left and right
Not heavy, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, interior full outer full, ventilation and penetrating light.
2. the shaping and trimming method that a kind of oil tea is planted according to claim 1, is characterized in that：Concrete pruning method：Stop
Foot branch and rudiment bar are removed during dormancy, deadwood, sick branch is wiped out, juxtaposition branch, thin and delicate interior thorax branch is pruned off, the cutting back branch of excessive growth,
Because hat width is not up to condition of bearing fruit, bud of erasing, flower bud and flowers and fruits are carried out at any time；
(1）, when carrying out cutting back to branch, the direction that clip bud should have blade, clip bud must stay in shoot growth development
Direction, i.e. clip bud should otherwise be cut more random and more random outwardly or towards the direction for not having branch or branch less, and clip bud is full,
Cutting back clip is 1-2 centimetre with the distance of clip bud;Clip bud is more, retains 1-3 full meeting and grows what is required
Bud, remaining bud are erased；
(2）, branch bounced back, clip should be pressed close to retain branch, make reservation branch parallel with clip, pruning clip want it is smooth and
There is certain angle, that is, tiltedly cut, stake should not be stayed；
(3）, horizontal branch cutting back when to stay bud, make young sprout come back；
(4）, whole piece branch pruned off, clip is smooth, and the part for staying is as far as possible short, within 3 millimeters；
(5）, pruning will with cultivate cover, apply fertilizer, pest control measure coordinate carry out, the sick branch cut should be taken out of as early as possible
Process outside woods or burn；
（6）New method shaping reaches：Trunk number 2-5,70 cms of height after cutting strunk, trunk spreading angle and ground into
60 degree of angles or so, major branch quantity stay 9-15.
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| CN106305179A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 郴州市北湖区鲁塘镇碧香源油茶农民专业合作社 | Pruning method for camellia oleifera trees |
| CN106212190B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2021-05-28 | 湖南文理学院 | High-light-efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving tree form shaping and trimming method and application of camellia oleifera |
| CN106508456A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-22 | 四川槐金生物科技有限公司 | Sophora japonica shaping and trimming method |
| CN106818262A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-13 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Tea oil tree precisely prunes technique |
| CN107691010A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-02-16 | 徐华龙 | Oil tea shaping and trimming method |
| CN107466787A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-15 | 无为县雲桃家庭农场 | The pruning method of one planting fruit-trees |
| CN107646395A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-02 | 青岛隆辉农业开发有限公司 | A kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality cuts down formula pruning method |
| CN107836269A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-03-27 | 广西焕耘电子商务有限公司 | A kind of tea oil tree implantation methods |
| CN111727839A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-10-02 | 上饶市林业科学研究所 | Shaping and trimming method for container landscape seedlings of thick-skinned incense |
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