CN106212190A - The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving and application - Google Patents
The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212190A CN106212190A CN201610773006.1A CN201610773006A CN106212190A CN 106212190 A CN106212190 A CN 106212190A CN 201610773006 A CN201610773006 A CN 201610773006A CN 106212190 A CN106212190 A CN 106212190A
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- tree
- tea oil
- shaping
- oil tree
- labour saving
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving and application.The tree-like shaping and trimming method in a kind of tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving that the present invention provides carries out bud picking pruning to trunk, major branch and side shoot;The tea oil tree height pruned out is at 1.9 2.2m, and is fully compatible for the Cultivate administration of the tea oil tree of dense planting.The tree-like pruning method that the present invention provides carries out shaping in early days for tea oil tree, follow-up bud picking is pruned, less demanding to pruning technique, time saving and energy saving saving of labor, tea oil tree not only whole height is made to be suitable to manually pluck fruit, it is also possible that the tree-like even laminating of tea oil tree, ventilation effect is good, so that dense planting tea oil tree also can obtain higher camellia oleifera fruit specific yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tea oil tree shaping and trimming method and application thereof, be specifically related to a kind of tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving
Tree-like shaping and trimming method and application.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is called: Fructus Camelliae sinensis tree, tea oil tree, spend tea in vain;Theaceae Camellia,
Evergreen dungarunga.Because its seed can be gained the name as the oil expression raw material of Oleum Camelliae.Tea oil tree is China's distinctive woody edible oil material
Seeds, one of big woody oil tree species in the Ye Shi world four, in China's forestry industry construction, ecological construction, edible vegetable oil safety
The aspects such as guarantee and national health level raising have very important effect.Oil tea annidation is very strong, is barren
One of pioneer's reproducting tree species of southern hills red earth area and most important ecological seeds.The clear taste of Oleum Camelliae color is fragrant, nutritious, resistance to
Storage, is high-quality edible oil;Also can be as lubricating oil, antirust oil for industry.Tea cake is pesticide, is again fertilizer, can improve
Farmland water-holding capacity and preventing and treating rice pest.Peel is the raw material obtaining through refining tannic extract.Be oil tea whole body be all precious, and the whole nation is produced per year
Amount is only about 200,000 tons, can not meet the market demand completely.
Tree body extensive management, structure disturbance, the efficiency of light energy utilization are low is the major reason of oil tea low yield.Produce for improving oil tea
Amount, is that extracting method or the oil tea of effective ingredient in the inoculation method to oil tea, Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is effective mostly in prior art
The method of components utilising and the product of formation thereof are studied, as entitled in Publication No. CN101962396A " a kind of from Oil-tea-cake
The method producing tea saponin in the dregs of rice, tea seed cake or tea seed cake ", authorize publication No. to be that CN104285648B is entitled " a kind of to promote that oil tea is transferred
The method that seedlings picking is sprouted " it is intended to improve and solves oil tea grafting and sprout slowly/irregular problem, Publication No. CN103342726A
Entitled " preparation method and applications of a kind of camellia flavonoid for reducing blood glucose " etc., but pruning tree-like for tea oil tree is to reach
The most less to the report improving tea-oil tree yield.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the present invention provides one can improve camellia oleifera fruit yield, tea oil tree shaping is repaiied
Cutting simple to operate, time and labour saving, camellia oleifera fruit is easy to the tree-like shaping and trimming method in specular removal time and labour saving and the application of harvesting and repaiies
The tea oil tree cut.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The tree-like shaping and trimming method in a kind of tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving that the present invention provides includes step:
A. the most fixed dry: when oil tea main trunk length 35-45cm, height above ground level on trunk to be not higher than 30cm's
Lateral bud is all erased;When main trunk grows to 50-55cm height, highly the top tip is carried out cutting back at 35-45cm;Stem pruning is
Big purpose is the Seedling height in order to limit tea oil tree, cultivates short trunk, promotes tea oil tree plant development to go out strong root
System, provides sufficient nutrient for tea oil tree;
B. major branch is pruned: robust growth of selecting and remain and cultivate into main along equally distributed 3-5 the lateral bud of the axial surrounding of main trunk
Branch, the difference in height of every layer of major branch is 5-10cm, and every layer of major branch retains 3-4 major branch bud in different directions and cultivate formation one-level side
Branch, 1 major branch bud of selecting and remain again at major branch base portion is grown and is formed auxiliary support branch;
C. side shoot is pruned: 3-4 primary lateral branches of uniformly selecting and remain alternately on each major branch, and each primary lateral branches retains
3-4 vigorous branches mutually staggers as two grades of side shoots, the direction of two grades of side shoots;Base portion at primary lateral branches and two grades of side shoots is selected and remain full
Full bud 1-2, tree-like main body shaping is complete.
That is on the one hand can be controlled the height of tea oil tree by shaping in early days, on the other hand make tea oil tree tree-like
Uniformly have levels, the most beneficially tea oil tree ventilation and penetrating light, improve optical energy utilization efficiency, shaped after tea oil tree result
Uniformly, yield is greatly improved.
Preferably, the above-mentioned tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving also includes step D, described step
D prunes for maintaining: retain 3 buds of each shoot apex and 1 full bud near its base portion afterwards annual spring.
That is after tree-like main body shaping, carry out above-mentioned maintenance pruning, replace tradition to repair in the way of bud picking
Cut, time saving and energy saving saving of labor so that whole tea oil tree can be maintained for a long time, maintain bigger fruit yield.
Preferably, described in the above-mentioned tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving, step A treats oil tea
During main trunk length 40cm, the lateral bud of height not higher than 30cm above ground level on trunk is all erased.
Preferably, walk described in step A described in the above-mentioned tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving
In rapid A, on trunk, the height above ground level lateral bud higher than 30cm removes, and the standard removed is: each reservation of sprouting does not surpasses
Cross 4 lateral buds.
Preferably, when main tree in step A described in the above-mentioned tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving
Dry when growing to 50cm, at 40cm, the top tip is carried out cutting back.
Preferably, every layer of master in step B described in the above-mentioned tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving
The difference in height of twig is 5-10cm, and every layer is stayed 3 major branch buds.
Preferably, master described in step C described in the above-mentioned tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving
Branch is 3-4, and each major branch upper level side shoot is 3-4, and two grades of side shoots are 6-9.
The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving as above is applied to the tea oil tree of dense planting plantation.
Preferably, the field planting seeding row spacing of above-mentioned tea oil tree dense planting plantation is 2m × 3m.
The height of the tea oil tree that the tree-like shaping and trimming method in above-mentioned tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving is pruned out is 1.9-
2.2m.Utilize the inventive method that tea oil tree enters shaping row to prune, owing to having carried out determining height to main trunk, the oil tea pruned out
Height of tree degree is 1.9-2.2m, and the tea oil tree of this height is very suitable for peasant and camellia oleifera fruit is carried out picked by hand, and without by outward
Use apparatus.Tradition is replaced to prune by the method for bud picking, less demanding to pruning technique, it is simple to peasant operates, and more traditional repair
The time saving and energy saving saving of labor of shear method.
In sum, the tree-like shaping and trimming method that the present invention provides carries out shaping, follow-up bud picking in early days for tea oil tree
Prune, the time saving and energy saving saving of labor of more traditional pruning method so that tea oil tree not only whole height is suitable to manually pluck fruit, it is also possible to
Making the tree-like even laminating of tea oil tree, ventilation effect is good, so that the most obtainable higher camellia oleifera fruit list of dense planting tea oil tree
Position yield.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.The described embodiment only present invention is preferable to carry out
Example, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various change and change
Change.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Embodiment one
Field planting and First Year management: selecting grafting plant to build garden, field planting seeding row spacing is 3m × (5-5.5) m, and life in 1 year is transferred
The young sprout that seedlings picking top is sprouted should retain as far as possible so that it is quickly forming trunk, on trunk, the bud of below 30cm is all erased, 30cm
Above lateral bud suitably removes, in order to avoid the side shoot formed by bud growth is intensive, trunk bends.When trunk grows to 55cm
Setting, i.e. carries out cutting back to the top tip at 45cm.
Second Year: eugonic 3-4 full bud of selecting and remain is trained major branch, it is desirable to robust growth, and surrounding is evenly distributed,
Have levels, every layer of distance having 5-10cm.A full bud of simultaneously selecting and remain at major branch base portion, as auxiliary support branch, is mainly used in auxiliary supporting
Tree body, equalizes tree vigo(u)r, when major branch can not recover because of pest and disease damage or accidental injury, to replace former major branch.
3rd year: 3-4 primary lateral branches of uniformly selecting and remain alternately on each major branch, primary lateral branches is selected and remain 3-4
Two grades of side shoots, mutually stagger in two grades of side shoot directions.On major branch, primary lateral branches and two grades of side shoots, base portion notes full bud of selecting and remain
1-2 as auxiliary support branch.Tree-like being basically completed, form 3-4 major branch, the ideal of 6-9 two grades of side shoots is tree-like.
4th year starts, and retains 3, annotinous branch top bud and 1 full bud near its base portion annual spring.
Embodiment two
Field planting and First Year management: selecting grafting plant to build garden, field planting seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, 1 year raw grafting top
The young sprout that end is sprouted should retain as far as possible so that it is quickly forming trunk, on trunk, the bud of below 30cm is all erased, more than 30cm's
Lateral bud suitably removes, in order to avoid the side shoot formed by bud growth is intensive, trunk bends.Can shape when trunk grows to 55cm,
I.e. carry out at 40cm top tip cutting back.
Second Year: eugonic 3-4 full bud of selecting and remain is trained major branch, it is desirable to robust growth, and surrounding is evenly distributed,
Have levels, every layer of distance having 5-10cm.A full bud of selecting and remain at major branch base portion, as auxiliary support branch, is mainly used in auxiliary foster tree
Body, equalizes tree vigo(u)r, when major branch can not recover because of pest and disease damage or accidental injury, to replace former major branch.
3rd year: 3-4 primary lateral branches of uniformly selecting and remain alternately on each major branch, primary lateral branches is selected and remain 3-4
Two grades of side shoots, mutually stagger in two grades of side shoot directions.On major branch, primary lateral branches and two grades of side shoots, base portion notes full bud of selecting and remain
1-2 as auxiliary support branch, tree-like is basically completed.
4th year starts, and retains 3, annotinous branch top bud and 1 full bud near base portion annual spring.
Embodiment three
Field planting and First Year management: selecting grafting plant to build garden, field planting seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m, 1 year raw grafting top
The young sprout that end is sprouted should retain as far as possible so that it is quickly forming trunk, on trunk, the bud of below 30cm is all erased, more than 30cm's
Lateral bud suitably removes, in order to avoid the side shoot formed by bud growth is intensive, trunk bends.Can shape when trunk grows to 52cm,
I.e. at 35cm, the top tip is carried out cutting back.
Second Year: select and remain eugonic side shoot 3-4 and be trained major branch, it is desirable to robust growth, surrounding is evenly distributed, and has
Level, every layer of distance having 5-10cm.A full bud of selecting and remain at major branch base portion is trained auxiliary support branch, is mainly used in auxiliary foster tree
Body, equalizes tree vigo(u)r, when major branch can not recover because of pest and disease damage or accidental injury, to replace former major branch.
3rd year: 3-4 primary lateral branches of uniformly selecting and remain alternately on each major branch, primary lateral branches is selected and remain 3-4
Two grades of side shoots, mutually stagger in two grades of side shoot directions.On major branch, primary lateral branches and two grades of side shoots, base portion notes full bud of selecting and remain
1-2 as auxiliary support branch.Tree-like being basically completed, form 3-4 major branch, the ideal of 6-9 primary lateral branches is tree-like.
4th year starts, and retains 3, annotinous branch top bud and 1 full bud near base portion annual spring.
Each embodiment is equipped with one mu of controlled trial ground, and the tea oil tree in controlled trial ground does not carries out bud picking pruning, real
Execute example and all carry out fertilising cultivation, the camellia oleifera fruit yield comparison of the tea oil tree that embodiment is turned out by commonsense method with controlled trial ground
Camellia oleifera fruit yield according to the tea oil tree in experimental field averagely exceeds 8%, and wherein embodiment two is than the oil tea in its controlled trial ground
Tree institute oil-producing tea fruit quality exceeds at most, reaches 12%.And the tea oil tree bud picking pruning method that the present invention uses, more traditional pruning
The time saving and energy saving saving of labor of method, the height of the tea oil tree of pruning is all at 1.9-2.2m, quite convenient for the artificial harvesting of camellia oleifera fruit.
Claims (10)
1. the tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving, it is characterised in that: include step:
A. the most fixed dry: when oil tea main trunk length 35-45cm, height above ground level on trunk to be not higher than the lateral bud of 30cm
All erase;When main trunk grows to 50-55cm, at 35-45cm, the top tip is carried out cutting back;
B. major branch is pruned: robust growth of selecting and remain and cultivate into major branch, every layer of master along the main trunk equally distributed lateral bud of axial surrounding
The difference in height of branch is 5-10cm, and every layer of major branch retains 3-4 major branch bud in different directions and cultivate formation primary lateral branches, major branch base
1 major branch bud of selecting and remain again at portion is grown and is formed auxiliary support branch;
C. side shoot is pruned: 3-4 primary lateral branches of uniformly selecting and remain alternately on each major branch, and each primary lateral branches retains 3-4
Individual vigorous branches mutually staggers as two grades of side shoots, the direction of two grades of side shoots;Base portion at primary lateral branches and two grades of side shoots is selected and remain full
Bud 1-2, tree-like main body shaping is complete.
The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also wrap
Including step D, described step D is pruned for maintaining: retain 3, annotinous branch top bud afterwards annual spring and near its base portion
1 full bud.
The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
In described step A when oil tea main trunk length 40cm, the lateral bud of height not higher than 30cm above ground level on trunk is all smeared
Go.
The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
In described step A, on trunk, the height above ground level lateral bud higher than 30cm removes, and the standard removed is: each guarantor of sprouting
Stay less than 4 lateral buds.
The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
In described step A when main trunk grows to 50cm, at 40cm, the top tip is carried out cutting back.
The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
In described step B, the difference in height of every layer of major branch is 5-10cm, and every layer of major branch stays 3 buds.
The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
Primary lateral branches described in described step C is 3-4, and two grades of side shoots are 6-9.
8. the tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving tree-like shaping and trimming method application as described in any one in claim 1 to 6
Tea oil tree in dense planting plantation.
The application of the tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving the most according to claim 7, its feature exists
In: the field planting seeding row spacing of described tea oil tree dense planting plantation is 2m × 3m.
10. the tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving as described in any one in claim 1 to 6, its
Being characterized by bud picking and prune time and labour saving, the height of the tea oil tree pruned out is 1.9-2.2m.
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Cited By (3)
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CN108174737A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-19 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | A kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method |
CN108200839A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-26 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | A kind of oil tea implantation methods |
CN111527970A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Pruning method for fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter fruit tree type |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108174737A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-19 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | A kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method |
CN108200839A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-26 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | A kind of oil tea implantation methods |
CN111527970A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Pruning method for fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter fruit tree type |
CN111527970B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-07 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Pruning method for fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter fruit tree type |
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