CN111527970A - Pruning method for fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter fruit tree type - Google Patents
Pruning method for fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter fruit tree type Download PDFInfo
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- CN111527970A CN111527970A CN202010460820.4A CN202010460820A CN111527970A CN 111527970 A CN111527970 A CN 111527970A CN 202010460820 A CN202010460820 A CN 202010460820A CN 111527970 A CN111527970 A CN 111527970A
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 241001135917 Vitellaria paradoxa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 235000018936 Vitellaria paradoxa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229940057910 shea butter Drugs 0.000 title description 4
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- 235000008673 Persea americana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pruning method of a shea type of a shea leaf and shea nut, belonging to the technical field of shea type cultivation, and comprising the following steps: removing terminal buds, wiping off redundant side buds, performing angle adjustment on the side buds to form a Y-shaped tree, reserving 3-5 side buds on each side branch, performing angle adjustment, trimming branches in 12-1 month of the next year every year, and controlling the whole tree shape and height to obtain the crown-shaped tree of the avocado with leaves and leaves. The pruning method is suitable for the cultivation of the shea butter tree with dual-purpose fruit leaves, can combine the cultivation industry and the fruit industry, dwarf the shea butter tree, high yield and high yield, and can grow more leaves, and the leaves are utilized to cultivate silkworms, thereby achieving the purposes that one tree has multiple purposes (afforestation on barren mountains, cultivation of fruits, wild silkworms and the like) and the two industries are fused.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of avocado tree type cultivation, in particular to a pruning method for a avocado tree type with fruit leaves.
Background
Avocado (Persea American Mill), also known as avocado, belongs to the family Lauraceae, the genus avocado, the evergreen tall tree, the native Mexico middle and Western Indian Islands. The avocado fruits are green and pear-shaped, the mature fruit pulp has cream fragrance, is rich in various unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, mineral substances and multiple vitamins, the content of the unsaturated fatty acids is as high as 80 percent, the avocado fruits are high-energy low-sugar fruits, the beta-sitosterol has important physiological functions of reducing cholesterol and blood fat, protecting cardiovascular system and liver system and the like, has extremely high nutritional value and medicinal value, and is a typical high-energy low-sugar rare healthy fruit for tropical and subtropical regions. Avocados are now cultivated in more than 40 countries of the world, with mexico, guatemala, peru, and the southern united states being the most cultivated. China is cultivated in provinces and areas such as Hainan province, Guangxi province, Guangdong province, Taiwan province, Yunnan province and the like.
The avocado is pleased with light, is pleased with warm and humid climate, is not cold-resistant, is cultivated at 40-40 DEG S N in the world, and is suitable for the annual average temperature of 20-28 ℃; the avocado belongs to a tree with shallow roots, has no root hair, has a large demand on water, but is afraid of waterlogging, and root water accumulation easily causes root rot. The branches of the avocado are fragile, strong wind can easily blow off the avocado and even blow down the avocado, and strong wind can also easily cause fruit collision damage and break the branches, thus reducing yield. The avocado has strong adaptability to soil, and soil with almost various pH values is suitable for growth of avocado trees as long as the salt content is low and the water drainage is good.
The avocado has more leaves and vigorous growth vigor, the avocado seedlings grow naturally, are easy to grow, are tall and thin, have few lateral branches, and grow in vain for years to form real tall trees. Firstly, tree shapes are not trimmed, the number of branches is small, and the fruit bearing number is small; secondly, the fruits are inconvenient to pick during harvesting; thirdly, the branches of the avocados are fragile, so that the avocados can grow naturally, and the branches are more easily blown off and blown down when the tree is tall and strong in wind. And fourthly, the leaves on the sunny side of the fruit tree are dense, the leaves on the sunny side of the fruit tree are sparse, the leaves are evergreen, the leaf quality is not deteriorated, and the requirement of the dual-purpose avocado of fruit leaves for harvesting the fruit and using the leaves is not met.
Therefore, if the pruning intervention is not carried out on the shea tree, the economic characteristics of the shea tree cannot be reflected. The normal growth of the avocado is affected if the avocado is not resistant to deforestation and the pruning is too heavy, so that the domestic and foreign avocado cultivation technology generally emphasizes that the avocado is not suitable for pruning, thereby neglecting the importance of the avocado tree type cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pruning method of a shea type of a dual-purpose shea nut of fruit leaves. The pruning method is suitable for the cultivation of the shea butter tree with dual-purpose fruit leaves, can combine the cultivation industry and the fruit industry, dwarf the shea butter tree, high yield and high yield, and can grow more leaves, and the leaves are utilized to cultivate silkworms, thereby achieving the purposes that one tree has multiple purposes (afforestation on barren mountains, cultivation of fruits, wild silkworms and the like) and the two industries are fused.
The invention provides a pruning method of a shea type of a dual-purpose shea nut of fruit leaves, which comprises the following steps:
1) when the grafted seedlings of the avocado grow to be 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter or more than 1.2m high, removing terminal buds;
2) after lateral buds emerge, removing redundant lateral buds, and selecting and reserving 2-3 robust lateral buds;
3) after 3-4 months, performing angle adjustment on the lateral buds selected in the step 2), wiping off redundant lateral buds or lateral branches, simultaneously cutting off main parts higher than the lateral branches, and cultivating into a Y-shaped tree shape to obtain secondary branches of the butyrospermum parkii;
4) in 3 months in the second year, 3-5 lateral buds or lateral branches are reserved on each lateral branch of the secondary branch, and redundant lateral buds or lateral branches are removed;
5) adjusting the angle of the lateral bud or the lateral branch reserved on each lateral branch of the secondary branch to obtain a tertiary branch;
6) trimming drooping branches, overgrown branches and shade branches with too low branches in 12 months to 1 month in the next year every year;
7) controlling the whole tree shape and height to obtain the crown tree shape of the avocado with the leaves and leaves.
Preferably, the robust lateral buds in the step 2) are distributed on two sides of the trunk or equally use the space.
Preferably, the angle adjustment in step 3) or step 5) is performed by pulling, hanging and/or pressing a steel wire.
Preferably, after the trunk part higher than the lateral branches is cut off in the step 3), the height of the shea butter trunk is 80-100 cm.
Preferably, the lateral shoot growth angle preserved in the step 4) surrounds the lateral shoot.
Preferably, in the step 5), after the angle adjustment, the lateral buds or the lateral branches are uniformly distributed on the secondary branches.
Preferably, the step of controlling the whole tree shape and height comprises the step of cutting off the top of the branches which grow vigorously to reach the height of 2.0-3 m.
Preferably, after the truncation, the operation of multiple pruning is also included.
The invention also provides the application of the pruning method in the technical scheme in silkworm breeding.
Preferably, the silkworm comprises an amber silkworm.
The invention provides a pruning method of a shea type of a dual-purpose shea nut of fruit leaves. The trimming method of the invention can ensure that: (1) the shea tree-shaped crown is large, and the growth space and photo-thermal resources are fully utilized; (2) branches are uniformly dispersed, the tree vigor is enhanced, the ventilation and light transmission are good, and the tree diseases and insect pests are reduced; (3) the tree shape is developed, the branches are reasonably distributed, more branches are obtained, and the fruit bearing amount is large; (4) the tree shape is lower, branches are uniformly distributed, the wind resistance is higher, and the fruit picking is facilitated; (5) the branches are more, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, and the leaf yield is high; (6) the mulberry leaf growing agent has the advantages of ventilation, light transmission, good leaf quality, reduction of ground radiant heat, subsequent benefit for growth and development of silkworms (amber silkworms) on trees, enhancement of the physique of silkworms and improvement of the cocooning rate. The pruning method is suitable for the cultivation of the shea butter tree with dual-purpose fruit leaves, can combine the cultivation industry and the fruit industry, dwarf the shea butter tree, high yield and high yield, and can grow more leaves, and the leaves are utilized to cultivate silkworms, thereby achieving the purposes that one tree has multiple purposes (afforestation on barren mountains, cultivation of fruits, wild silkworms and the like) and the two industries are fused.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a pruning method of a shea type of a dual-purpose shea nut of fruit leaves, which comprises the following steps:
1) when the grafted seedlings of the avocado grow to be 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter or more than 1.2m high, removing terminal buds;
2) after lateral buds emerge, removing redundant lateral buds, and selecting and reserving 2-3 robust lateral buds;
3) after 3-4 months, performing angle adjustment on the lateral buds selected in the step 2), wiping off redundant lateral buds or lateral branches, simultaneously cutting off main parts higher than the lateral branches, and cultivating into a Y-shaped tree shape to obtain secondary branches of the butyrospermum parkii;
4) in 3 months in the second year, 3-5 lateral buds or lateral branches are reserved on each lateral branch of the secondary branch, and redundant lateral buds or lateral branches are removed;
5) adjusting the angle of the lateral bud or the lateral branch reserved on each lateral branch of the secondary branch to obtain a tertiary branch;
6) trimming drooping branches, overgrown branches and shade branches with too low branches in 12 months to 1 month in the next year every year;
7) controlling the whole tree shape and height to obtain the crown tree shape of the avocado with the leaves and leaves.
When the grafted seedlings of the avocado grow to be 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter or more than 1.2m high, terminal buds are removed. The preparation method of the grafted seedlings of the avocado is not particularly limited, and the grafted seedlings of the avocado, which are well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted.
And after the lateral buds emerge, removing redundant lateral buds, and selecting and reserving 2-3 robust lateral buds. In the present invention, the robust lateral buds are preferably distributed on both sides of the trunk or equally use the space.
And after 3-4 months, performing angle adjustment on the selected lateral buds, wiping off redundant lateral buds or lateral branches, simultaneously shearing off the main parts higher than the lateral branches, and cultivating into a Y-shaped tree shape to obtain the secondary branches of the butyrospermum parkii. In the present invention, the angle adjustment is preferably performed by pulling, hanging, and/or pressing a wire. In the invention, after the trunk part higher than the lateral branches is cut off, the height of the shea butter trunk is preferably 80-100 cm.
And in 3 months in the next year, preferably 3-5 lateral buds or lateral branches are reserved on each lateral branch of the secondary branch, and redundant lateral buds or lateral branches are wiped off. In the present invention, the remaining lateral bud or lateral branch growth angle is preferably around the lateral branch of the secondary branch, more preferably a symmetric lateral branch around the secondary branch.
And adjusting the angle of the lateral bud or the lateral branch reserved on each lateral branch of the secondary branch to obtain a tertiary branch. In the present invention, the angle adjustment is preferably performed by pulling, hanging, and/or pressing a wire. In the invention, after angle adjustment, the lateral buds or lateral branches are preferably uniformly distributed on the secondary branches, and the space utilization is more reasonable.
Trimming drooping branches, overgrown branches and shade branches with too low branches in 12 months to 1 month in the next year. Improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree body.
Controlling the whole tree shape and height to obtain the crown tree shape of the avocado with the leaves and leaves. The method for controlling the whole tree shape and height preferably comprises the step of cutting off the top of the branches which grow vigorously and grow to the height of 2.0-3 m. The method is more preferably used for cutting the top of the branches which grow vigorously to reach the height of 2.5-3.0 m. In the present invention, after the truncation, it is preferable to further include an operation of multiple pruning to promote the lower branch side to be long. The overall tree type of the present invention is preferably referred to as a crown tree type.
The pruning method can cultivate the crown tree type with three-level branches. The purposes of dwarfing the tree shape, enhancing the tree vigor, enhancing the wind resistance and fully utilizing the growth space and the photo-thermal resources are achieved. The effects of yielding more branches and leaves, bearing more fruits, being convenient to pick and having better leaf quality are achieved. Is beneficial to the subsequent growth and development of silkworms on trees, enhances the physique of silkworms and improves the cocooning rate. Realizing the cultivation of the tree type of the avocado fruit tree suitable for both fruit leaves and leaves.
The invention also provides the application of the pruning method in the technical scheme in silkworm breeding. In the present invention, the silkworms include amber silkworms. The nutrition requirement of the fruit and leaf dual-purpose avocado is more, the invention preferably strengthens the management of water and fertilizer, applies organic fertilizer in winter and applies quick-acting fertilizer in silkworm breeding season. According to the invention, the avocado leaves originally produced in America are used for feeding amber silkworms originally produced in India, so that the avocado can be produced, the avocado leaves can also be used for silkworm breeding, and the two can be well matched, namely 2 high-value products can be obtained, the fruits can be harvested in a high yield, and the leaves of the avocado can be used for silkworm breeding well with high efficiency.
The following will describe the method for pruning a fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea nut type in the present invention in further detail with reference to specific examples, and the technical solution of the present invention includes but is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Grafting the avocado saplings to grow new branches, and picking off terminal buds when the branches grow to be more than 1.2 meters high.
After the lateral branches grow out, 2 robust lateral branches are remained and distributed on the left side and the right side of the trunk, redundant lateral branches are removed, and the trunk above the lateral branches is cut off to form a Y shape.
The spatial distribution of the lateral branches is more reasonable by pulling the ropes, which is the secondary branch of the avocado.
3-5 buds/lateral branches are left on the secondary branches, and the lateral branches are uniformly distributed on the branches.
In the same way, the space distribution of buds is more reasonable by using a rope pulling and hanging method, which is the third-level branch of the tree.
And trimming the over-low drooping branches, overgrown branches and shade branches of the branches in the late winter and early spring every year later, and improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree body. And (3) cutting the branches which grow vigorously again when the branches grow to 3.0m in height, and trimming for multiple times to promote lateral growth of branches at the lower part, control the whole tree shape and height, and cultivate a typical crown tree shape.
The fruit and leaf dual-purpose avocado has more nutrition requirements, strengthens the management of water and fertilizer, applies organic fertilizer in winter and applies quick-acting fertilizer in silkworm breeding season. The fruit bearing amount of the fruit trees can be increased by 4-8% in each season, the leaf yield can be increased by 5-15%, the quality of the avocado leaves is greatly improved, and the dual purposes of bearing the fruit and using the leaves are achieved. Meanwhile, the species and time of pesticide application in the orchard are controlled, high-toxicity medicines are strictly forbidden for fruit trees, medicines with long residual effect period are strictly forbidden for silkworm breeding.
The avocado leaves can be used for silkworm breeding, so that the avocado hung fruits of the avocado tree are certain safe and reliable fruits with low pesticide residue level, can be favored by consumers, and can be more attractive in high-end markets.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pruning method of a fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter tree type comprises the following steps:
1) when the grafted seedlings of the avocado grow to be 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter or more than 1.2m high, removing terminal buds;
2) after lateral buds emerge, removing redundant lateral buds, and selecting and reserving 2-3 robust lateral buds;
3) after 3-4 months, performing angle adjustment on the lateral buds selected in the step 2), wiping off redundant lateral buds or lateral branches, simultaneously cutting off main parts higher than the lateral branches, and cultivating into a Y-shaped tree shape to obtain secondary branches of the butyrospermum parkii;
4) in 3 months in the second year, 3-5 lateral buds or lateral branches are reserved on each lateral branch of the secondary branch, and redundant lateral buds or lateral branches are removed;
5) adjusting the angle of the lateral bud or the lateral branch reserved on each lateral branch of the secondary branch to obtain a tertiary branch;
6) trimming drooping branches, overgrown branches and shade branches with too low branches in 12 months to 1 month in the next year every year;
7) controlling the whole tree shape and height to obtain the crown tree shape of the avocado with the leaves and leaves.
2. The pruning method of claim 1, wherein the robust lateral buds of step 2) are distributed on both sides of the trunk or equally utilize space.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the angle adjustment of step 3) or step 5) is performed by rope pulling, hanging, and/or wire pressing.
4. The pruning method according to claim 1, wherein after the trunk parts higher than the lateral branches are cut off in the step 3), the height of the shea nut trunk is 80-100 cm.
5. The pruning method of claim 1, wherein the preserved lateral bud growth angle of step 4) encircles a lateral shoot.
6. The pruning method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the lateral buds or lateral branches are uniformly distributed on the secondary branches after the angle adjustment.
7. The pruning method according to claim 1, wherein the controlling of the overall tree shape and height comprises topping the overgrown branches up to a height of 2.0-3 m.
8. The method of trimming of claim 7, further comprising the operation of multiple trims after said truncation.
9. Use of the pruning method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in silkworm breeding.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the silkworm comprises an amber silkworm.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103202168A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-07-17 | 西华大学 | High-yield shape pruning method of green prickleyash |
| CN106212190A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-14 | 湖南文理学院 | The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving and application |
| CN107211802A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-29 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped " |
| CN108990658A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-12-14 | 刘小清 | A kind of shaping and trimming method of oil tea |
-
2020
- 2020-05-27 CN CN202010460820.4A patent/CN111527970B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103202168A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-07-17 | 西华大学 | High-yield shape pruning method of green prickleyash |
| CN106212190A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-14 | 湖南文理学院 | The tree-like shaping and trimming method in tea oil tree specular removal time and labour saving and application |
| CN107211802A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-29 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped " |
| CN108990658A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-12-14 | 刘小清 | A kind of shaping and trimming method of oil tea |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘燕缄等: "油梨优质丰产栽培技术", 《中国热带农业》 * |
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