CN107624401A - A kind of walnut height, which connects, changes excellent budding method - Google Patents
A kind of walnut height, which connects, changes excellent budding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107624401A CN107624401A CN201710941520.6A CN201710941520A CN107624401A CN 107624401 A CN107624401 A CN 107624401A CN 201710941520 A CN201710941520 A CN 201710941520A CN 107624401 A CN107624401 A CN 107624401A
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Abstract
Connect the invention discloses a kind of early-fruiting walnut height and change excellent budding method, the main selection and processing including stock, scion collection, the selection of grafting time, grafting processing, managing after grafting step；Its feature is Root-stock selection and processing：Utilize early-fruiting walnut grafting with improved seed seedling building well, the 3rd year after field planting can result, if still result or result be not inconsistent for 3 ~ 6 years walnuts after field planting, then judge that this plant sets non-breeding walnut grafting seedling, need implement height connect change it is excellent, can be observed in the first year, and listing mark, in case next year carry out height connect change it is excellent；The stock of selection is perennial branch, and branch thick is the cm of 2.0 cm ~ 8.0.Scion grafting part is perennial branch, and nutrient supply, which is concentrated, not to be disperseed, and beneficial to scion fast-growth, Grafted Variety shoot growth is healthy and strong, substantial, prevents winter low temperature freeze injury from occurring.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree efficiency cultivation technology for high field, specially a kind of early-fruiting walnut height, which connects, changes excellent budding method.
Background technology
China's walnut cultivated area rapid growth at present, transplanted in actual production because kind is very different in Hetaoyuan,
Garden piece is caused to grow inconsistent, individual difference is big, as a result less or into fruiting period evening, has a strong impact on grower's economic benefit, core
Improved variety degree in peach plantation is up for further lifting, and existing walnut low yield orchard, which is needed badly, implements grafting with improved seed transformation, with as early as possible
Obtain higher economic benefit.Height connects that to change excellent be one of common technology of current orchard transformation, can quickly realize improved seeds more
Newly, promote orchard to enter fruiting period ahead of time, reach precocity fruiting, early high yield, early realize the purpose that upgrading is increased production and improved productivity.Because seeds
Characteristic of growing is different, the level of application of this method also difference.The processing of walnut grafting bleeding is not proper to cause its height
Connect that graft survival rate is unstable, the problems such as being subject to windbreak after the big grafting survival of walnut compound leaf, had a strong impact on walnut low yield orchard
Height, which connects, changes excellent survival rate and storage rate, so as to limit the implementation result of walnut low yield orchard transformation.How to improve and stablize walnut
Low yield orchard height connect change it is excellent during graft survival rate, while make Grafted Variety shoot growth healthy and strong, substantial, save height and connect and changes excellent mistake
Services dispatch and economic input in journey, promote low yield Hetaoyuan to enter fruiting period as early as possible, for accelerating the transformation of walnut low yield orchard, promote
Enter China's Walnut Industry Development to be of great significance.
The content of the invention
For above prior art, connect it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of early-fruiting walnut height and change excellent budding method, should
Method stablize walnut low yield orchard height connect change it is excellent during graft survival rate while, additionally it is possible to so that Grafted Variety shoot growth
Healthy and strong, substantial, fast-growth is tree-like easily controllable, the fast quick-recovery of tree crown, lifts walnut yield and quality as early as possible.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of early-fruiting walnut height, which connects, changes excellent budding method, main selection and processing, scion collection, the grafting for including stock
The selection of time, grafting processing, managing after grafting step；
It is mainly characterized by：
The selection and processing of stock：Using early-fruiting walnut grafting with improved seed seedling building well, after field planting the 3rd year can result, if
Still result or result be not inconsistent for 3~6 years walnuts after field planting, then judges that this plant sets non-breeding walnut grafting seedling, it is necessary to implement
Height, which connects, to be changed excellent, can be observed in the first year, and listing mark, in case next year carry out height connect change it is excellent；The stock of selection is more
Year life branch, branch thick is 2.0cm~8.0cm.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme has following beneficial effect：
(1) stock is perennial branch, and grafting can be carried out after bud scion maturation, young sprout grafting is cultivated after proportion cutting back
10~15d of time advance, the effective bud that extends connect the time.
(2) stock is perennial branch, and grafting part is smooth, operable grafting region is big, and easy to operate, member-retaining portion is more
Year, raw branches and leaves piece continued transpiration, can effectively control bleeding caused by grafting.
(3) 15~20d observes grafting survival situation after scion grafting, and grafting survival branch removes all young sprouts of stock and leaf
Piece, according to circumstances retain trunk or major branch 30cm~50cm, be used for bondage grafting survival young sprout as later stage pillar, can effectively prevent
Only windbreak.It need not in addition tie up and set supporter, it is a large amount of to save labour and input.
(4) scion grafting part is perennial branch, and nutrient supply, which is concentrated, not to be disperseed, beneficial to scion fast-growth, grafting
Kind shoot growth is healthy and strong, substantial, prevents winter low temperature freeze injury from occurring.Tree crown is formed as early as possible, as early as possible into fruiting period, produces warp
Ji benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
A part of Figure of description for forming the present invention is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, signal of the invention
Property embodiment and its illustrate be used for explain the present invention, do not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.
Fig. 1~Fig. 5 is the growing state after early-fruiting walnut grafting.
Embodiment
It is noted that described further below is all exemplary, it is intended to provides further instruction to the present invention.It is unless another
Indicate, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology are with usual with general technical staff of the technical field of the invention
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the present invention.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in this manual using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation and/or combinations thereof.
As background technology is introduced, need badly at present it is a kind of improve and stable walnut low yield orchard height connect change it is excellent during transfer
So that healthy and strong, the substantial height of Grafted Variety shoot growth connects and changes excellent new method, in order to solve the above skill while being connected into motility rate
Art problem, the present invention, which provides a kind of early-fruiting walnut height and connect, changes excellent budding method, main selection and processing, the scion for including stock
Collection, grafting processing, managing after grafting step；
It is mainly characterized by：
The selection and processing of stock：Using early-fruiting walnut grafting with improved seed seedling building well, after field planting the 3rd year can result, if
Still result or result be not inconsistent for 3~6 years walnuts after field planting, then judges that this plant sets non-breeding walnut grafting seedling, it is necessary to implement
Height, which connects, to be changed excellent, can be observed in the first year, and listing mark, in case next year carry out height connect change it is excellent；The stock of selection is more
Year life branch, branch thick is 2.0cm~8.0cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rugosity of the branch is 2.0~5.0cm.Found by experimental study,
Compared to the stock branch of other rugosity, it can not only make it that graft survival rate is higher using the perennial branch of this rugosity, and
And shoot growth is healthy and strong, substantial after grafting, increment is big.
The walnut height of prior art, which connects, to be changed in excellent budding method, and the stock of selection is generally attached most importance to after the perennial branch of cutting back
The young sprout of sprouting, this method have the distinguishing feature of high graft survival rate, can reach more than 90%, but this method presence is transferred
Connect that rear branch growing way is weaker, grafting part increment is less, branch is survived the winter the shortcomings of freeze injury easily occurs or drains.For existing core
Peach height, which connects, changes the shortcomings that excellent prior art is present, and present inventor has been surprisingly found that use in the research of substantial amounts of application practice
The perennial branch of certain rugosity (preferably branch thick is 2.0cm~8.0cm) is as stock, and not only graft survival rate can be steady
Surely it is maintained at more than 95%, additionally it is possible to which so that Grafted Variety shoot growth is healthy and strong, substantial, increment is big, tree-like to be easily controlled, tree
Hat recovers as early as possible, by substantial amounts of verification experimental verification and technology application, when overcoming using perennial branch as stock, due to tree
Age is larger, organ aging causes the relatively low technology prejudice of graft survival rate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scion collection includes following methods：
Current growth stalwartness is gathered after morning or at 4 points in afternoon, leaf bud is full, sprout reaches maturity, the morning of no disease and pests harm
The real excellent new varieties of walnut (' the fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade ', ' distant core 1 ', ' first woods ' etc.) developmental branch is as scion.
To remove compound leaf and tender tip in time after scion collection, retain 1~2cm petiole, bundling hangs label, is put in grafting bucket
In, bung is covered with wet towel, can effective moisturizing.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the selection of grafting time：Grafting time selects (preferably early June summer
To early July), walnut graft sprout reaches maturity, it is not necessary to carries out cutting back processing to the perennial branch of walnut, sprouts new
The tip, and shoot growth to a certain extent just can be with grafting, this method can shift to an earlier date 10~15d and implement grafting, effective to extend
Time is implemented in summer budding.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grafting processing includes following methods：Connect using big square bud is improved
Method carries out grafting；Specifically include following steps：
Stock correct position is being selected and remain, a length is being cut and is not less than 4cm, 2~3cm of width square otch will with point of a knife
Anvil skin is chosen out, and scion is chosen to rapidly buddering of cutting and removed, embedded stock otch, upper and lower both sides alignment, opposite side according to
Bud width, stock cortex is torn, stays a 0.45~0.55cm of length, wide 0.18~0.22cm dewatering outlets, tightly wrapped with grafting membrane bar,
2~3 compound leaves are stayed in grafting part, other are wiped out.
It is further preferred that the size of the dewatering outlet is long 0.5cm, wide 0.2cm.
Present invention selection improves big square budding method and carries out grafting so that the high graft survival rate of early-fruiting walnut, grafting
Position shoot growth is healthy and strong, and growing way is good, and increment is big.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the managing after grafting includes following methods：
After grafting, improved variety of walnut seedling is erased the sprout tillers sprouted on stock in time, and to concentrate nutrition, promotion is buddered sprouting；Newly
The tip grow to 5cm it is long when release bondage, all young sprouts of stock and blade are removed in time, in order to avoid influence the growth buddered.
According to circumstances retain trunk or major branch 30cm~50cm, be used for bondage grafting survival young sprout as later stage pillar, can
Effectively prevent windbreak.
Mid or late August, when reconfiguration sprouting new-tip length reaches 1.5cm, on the trunk or major branch of remaining reservation of timely bondage, prevent
Only windbreak.
Young sprout growth period pays attention to the harm of leafeating insect, while strengthens rich water quality management, timely tillage and weeding, and promotion is taken over a job new
The tip grows.
In order that technical scheme can clearly be understood by obtaining those skilled in the art, below with reference to tool
The embodiment of body describes technical scheme in detail with comparative example.
Embodiment 1
A kind of early-fruiting walnut height, which connects, changes excellent budding method, mainly including following methods：
(1) stock is handled：Using early-fruiting walnut grafting with improved seed seedling building well, after field planting the 3rd year can result, if after field planting
Still result or result be not inconsistent for 3~6 years walnuts, then judges that this plant is set non-breeding walnut grafting seedling and changed, it is necessary to implement height and connect
It is excellent, can be observed in the first year, and listing mark, in case next year carry out height connect change it is excellent.
(2) scion gathers：Collection current growth is healthy and strong after morning or at 4 points in afternoon, leaf bud is full, sprout reaches maturity,
The excellent new varieties of early-fruiting walnut ' the fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade ' developmental branch of no disease and pests harm is as scion.To remove compound leaf and tender in time after scion collection
The tip, retains 1~2cm petiole, and bundling is hung label, is put in grafting bucket, bung is covered with wet towel, can effective moisturizing.
(3) grafting time：Walnut graft sprout is reached maturity, it is not necessary to which the perennial branch of walnut is carried out at cutting back
Reason, young sprout is sprouted, and shoot growth to a certain extent just can be with grafting, this method can shift to an earlier date 10~15d and implement grafting, have
The time is implemented in the summer budding that extends of effect.
(4) engrafting method：Grafting is carried out using big square budding method is improved.Stock correct position is being selected and remain, is cutting one
Length is not less than 4cm, width 3cm square otch, is chosen out anvil skin with point of a knife, and scion is chosen to rapidly buddering of cutting and taken
Under, embedded stock otch, upper and lower both sides alignment, stock cortex is torn, stays one to be about 0.5cm according to bud width by opposite side, wide
0.2cm dewatering outlets, are tightly wrapped with grafting membrane bar, 2~3 compound leaves are stayed in grafting part, other are wiped out.
(5) managing after grafting：
After grafting, improved variety of walnut seedling is erased the sprout tillers sprouted on stock in time, and to concentrate nutrition, promotion is buddered sprouting.Newly
The tip grow to 5cm it is long when release bondage, all young sprouts of stock and blade are removed in time, in order to avoid influence the growth buddered.According to circumstances
Retain trunk or major branch 30cm~50cm, as the later stage.Mid or late August, when reconfiguration sprouting new-tip length reaches 1.5cm, tie up in time
On the trunk or major branch for tiing up remaining reservation, windbreak is prevented.Young sprout growth period pays attention to the harm of leafeating insect, while strengthens rich water pipe
Reason, timely tillage and weeding, promote young sprout growth of taking over a job.
Comparative example 1
Difference with embodiment 1 is：Grafting after young sprout is sprouted after weight cutting back perennial branch.
Engrafting method and processing are performed as described above example 1 and comparative example August in 1,2017 and observed for 8th, ' blue or green woods ', ' member after reconfiguration
It is rich ' contrast of walnut growing state, each 100 plants of Varietal Investigation, branch length is measured with meter ruler, and rugosity is determined with slide measure,
SPAD is determined with chlorophyll meter, and branch length, rugosity are chosen 100 branches and be measured respectively, average；SPAD measure choosings
Taking shoot apex, it is the Plant Leaf to determine all blade SPAD values to a piece of ripe compound leaf in the 8th~10 compound leaf of base portion number
Piece SPAD, 100 plants are measured, is averaged.As a result such as table 1 and 2.
Table 1
Table 2
It can be drawn from Tables 1 and 2, either blue or green woods or the rich kind of member, be connect using the height of the present invention and change excellent bud and connect
Method make it that Grafted Variety shoot growth is healthy and strong, substantial, and the branch length of growth, branch thick, SPAD values are all remarkably higher than existing
There is budding method conventional in technology.In example photo figure visible Fig. 1~5, Fig. 1, branch A is obtained by the present invention to adopt
, branch B and C are to be obtained using the method for comparative example 1, and D and E are using conventional stem grafting method (not surviving)；Fig. 2
In 3, branch A, which is adopted, to be obtained by the present invention, and B uses the method (not surviving) of comparative example 1；In Fig. 4, branch A
Adopt and be obtained by the present invention, branch B and C are to be obtained using the method for comparative example 1；In Fig. 5, branch A and B are to adopt
It is obtained by the present invention, it is from above example photo as can be seen that bright using the branch after the method grafting of the present invention
Aobvious more healthy and stronger, more substantial than other methods, branch is longer, and more slightly, increment is big, and it is tree-like be easily controlled, tree crown is as early as possible
Recover.
Above-described embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention with made under principle change, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of early-fruiting walnut height, which connects, changes excellent budding method, mainly when the selection and processing including stock, scion collection, grafting
Between selection, grafting processing, managing after grafting step；It is characterized in that：
Root-stock selection and processing：Using early-fruiting walnut grafting with improved seed seedling building well, after field planting the 3rd year can result, if 3 after field planting
Still result or result be not inconsistent for ~ 6 years walnuts, then judge this plant set non-breeding walnut grafting seedling, it is necessary to implement height connect change it is excellent,
Can be observed in the first year, and listing mark, in case next year carry out height connect change it is excellent；The stock of selection is perennial branch,
Branch thick is the cm of 2.0 cm ~ 8.0.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the scion collection includes following methods：
Current growth stalwartness is gathered after morning or at 4 points in afternoon, leaf bud is full, sprout reaches maturity, the morning of no disease and pests harm real core
The excellent new varieties developmental branch of peach is as scion.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：To remove compound leaf and tender tip in time after scion collection, retain 1 ~ 2
Cm petiole, bundling are hung label, are put in grafting bucket, bung is covered with wet towel.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The excellent new varieties of early-fruiting walnut are the fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade, distant core 1 or member
Woods.
5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The selection of grafting time：Walnut graft sprout reaches maturity.
6. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The grafting processing includes following methods：Using the big square of improvement
Budding method carries out grafting.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, specifically include following steps：Stock correct position is being selected and remain, is cutting one
Individual length is not less than 4cm, 2 ~ 3cm of width square otch, is chosen out anvil skin with point of a knife, and scion is chosen to rapidly connecing of cutting
Bud is removed, embedded stock otch, upper and lower both sides alignment, and opposite side tears stock cortex according to bud width, stay a length 0.45 ~
0.55cm, wide 0.18 ~ 0.22cm dewatering outlets, are tightly wrapped with grafting membrane bar, 2 ~ 3 compound leaves are stayed in grafting part, other are wiped out.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that：The size of the dewatering outlet is long 0.5cm, wide 0.2cm.
9. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The managing after grafting includes following methods：
After grafting, improved variety of walnut seedling is erased the sprout tillers sprouted on stock in time；Young sprout grow to 5cm it is long when release bondage, go in time
Except all young sprouts of stock and blade；
According to circumstances retain trunk or major branch 30cm ~ 50cm, be used for bondage grafting survival young sprout as later stage pillar；
Mid or late August, when reconfiguration sprouting new-tip length reaches 1.5cm, on the trunk or major branch of remaining reservation of timely bondage.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that：Young sprout growth period pays attention to the harm of leafeating insect, while strengthens fertilizer
Water management, timely tillage and weeding.
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| CN108243755A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-06 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | A kind of oriental cherry propagation by grafiting method |
| CN111149532A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-15 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Walnut neck-shaped bud grafting method |
| CN111802151A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-10-23 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for top grafting crown replacement of American hickory large tree by adopting square bud grafting |
| CN112293138A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-02-02 | 周云全 | Method for cultivating new variety of purple-skin walnuts |
| CN115088493A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-23 | 辽宁省旱地农林研究所 | Improved variety transformation method for low-yield orchard of large flat apricots |
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| CN111149532A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-15 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Walnut neck-shaped bud grafting method |
| CN111802151A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-10-23 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for top grafting crown replacement of American hickory large tree by adopting square bud grafting |
| CN112293138A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-02-02 | 周云全 | Method for cultivating new variety of purple-skin walnuts |
| CN115088493A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-23 | 辽宁省旱地农林研究所 | Improved variety transformation method for low-yield orchard of large flat apricots |
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