CN102972214B - Grafting method capable of promoting asexual reproduction of populus euphratica - Google Patents

Grafting method capable of promoting asexual reproduction of populus euphratica Download PDF

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CN102972214B
CN102972214B CN2012104612629A CN201210461262A CN102972214B CN 102972214 B CN102972214 B CN 102972214B CN 2012104612629 A CN2012104612629 A CN 2012104612629A CN 201210461262 A CN201210461262 A CN 201210461262A CN 102972214 B CN102972214 B CN 102972214B
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grafting
diversiform
scion
poplar
populus
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CN102972214A (en
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李建国
冯起
杨雪琴
杨凯年
司建华
常宗强
石玉民
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Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
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Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a grafting method capable of promoting asexual reproduction of populus euphratica. The method comprises the following steps: (1) irrigation and pest control before grafting; (2) selection of a rootstock: selecting annual Populus bolleana as the rootstock, wherein a tree trunk of the Populus bolleana is straight from top to bottom, and the Populus bolleana is vigorous in growth and full in scion; (3) selection of populus euphratica scion: selecting a bud as the populus euphratica scion, wherein the middle portion of a seeding branch is full, the seeding branch has 4-6 buds and lengths of the buds is 8-12 millimeters; (4) cutting a cross-shaped incision on a rootstock Populus bolleana trunk at a height of 1-1.2 meters with a grafting knife, and levering the incision; (5) clipping the lower end of a populus euphratica scion lower bud into a rhombus and obtaining a clipped populus euphratica scion; (6) inserting the clipped populus euphratica scion into the incision position around the Tomb-sweeping Day and binding tightly, and then the grafting is finished; (7) irrigating and fertilizing timely after the grafting is finished; and wiping off all the buds ready to sprout when the populus euphratica starts to sprout, and spraying pesticides when 3-4 true leaves grow on the populus euphratica seedling. The grafting method capable of promoting the asexual reproduction of the populus euphratica can effectively stop a populus euphratica population from being weak in regeneration and aging.

Description

The vegetative grafting method of a kind of promotion diversiform-leaved poplar
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Populus Euphratica ecosystem vegetation restoration and reconstruction technology that arid biogeographic zone is degenerated, relate in particular to the vegetative grafting method of a kind of promotion diversiform-leaved poplar.
Background technology
Diversiform-leaved poplar (Populus euphratica) claim again cotton tree, belong to Salicaceae, seeds original, the most ancient in Populus, there is heat resistanceheat resistant, cold-resistant drought resisting, anti-blown sand, anti-saline and alkaline, anti-barren characteristic, the unique arbor species of desert area of extreme drought, have " give birth to and thousand not dead, dead and do not fall in thousand, fall and thousand immortal " good reputation.Diversiform-leaved poplar is distributed in the riverbank of north African, the Middle East and NORTHWEST CHINA arid biogeographic zone and the salt lick of low humidity; the important arbor species of NW China desert and Semi-desert Area; at present; only in the in store large tracts of land of the Desert Regions of China forest land; concentrating the Ejina Banner that is distributed in Tarim Basin and Inner Mongol, is to safeguard the natural cover for defense of improving Northwest arid district ecotope, protection economic construction.
But China's west droughty area is under the irrational activity in production of the mankind and fragile ecotope double action, and land capability descends, and desertification, desertization trend are on the rise, and the population quantity of diversiform-leaved poplar day by day reduces.Diversiform-leaved poplar is as the important component part of the Desert Riparian Forest ecosystem, and the population quantity of existence is fewer and feweri, and existing Populus Euphratica has entered maturation or decline phase, and young growth lacks.The diversiform-leaved poplar breeding is divided into sexual propagation and vegetative propagation two classes, considers the external conditions such as regional moisture, landform of growing seedlings, and relies on merely sexual propagation can not deal with problems.The diversiform-leaved poplar vegetative propagation comprises be completely cured short tiller, cuttage and grafting etc., but cuttage method complexity is difficult, survival rate is low, and considers from maintaining for a long time Populus Euphratica, and the short tiller of being completely cured can not solve substantive issue.Graft technology has the principle of regeneration capacity after mainly utilizing plant injured, have easy and simple to handle, survival rate advantages of higher.
At present, the stock of diversiform-leaved poplar grafting is selected mainly to concentrate on Xinjiang poplar (Zhang Pingdong, Preliminary Studies on Grafting Propagation of Populus Euphratica [J], arid biogeographic zone resource and environment, 2005,19 (4): 197-200.; Lin Yi, the technology new move [J] of diversiform-leaved poplar Grafting Xinjiang poplar, Xinjiang forestry, 1990,6:10-11.; Separate sky wave, Xinjiang poplar grafting diversiform-leaved poplar raising technology [J], forestry practical technique, 2010,8:36.), Chinese white poplar (Meng Zhaohe, diversiform-leaved poplar Grafting Experiment success [J], Shandong forestry science and technology, 1995,1:10.), little U.S. drought and two white poplar (Zhang Pingdong, Preliminary Studies on Grafting Propagation of Populus Euphratica [J], arid biogeographic zone resource and environment, 2005,19 (4): 197-200.), dry land willow (Zhang Pingdong, Preliminary Studies on Grafting Propagation of Populus Euphratica [J], the arid biogeographic zone resource and environment, 2005,19 (4): 197-200.; Zhang Shujun, car is arranged sub-reclamation area diversiform-leaved poplar Grafting Xinjiang poplar analysis of experiments [J], Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2007,44 (S2): 262-263.; Chai Shufeng, diversiform-leaved poplar is introduced a fine variety and graft technology research [J], Shanxi Forestry science and technology, 2009,38 (3): 15-22.), lombardy poplar, eugene poplar and distant poplar (Zhang Shujun, car is arranged sub-reclamation area diversiform-leaved poplar Grafting Xinjiang poplar analysis of experiments [J], Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2007,44 (S2): 262-263.), masses poplar (Qiu Xiaomei, diversiform-leaved poplar propagation by grafiting technology [J], Shanxi Forestry science and technology, 2008,3:53-54.; Chai Shufeng, diversiform-leaved poplar is introduced a fine variety and graft technology research [J], Shanxi Forestry science and technology, 2009,38 (3): the seeds such as 15-22.), and forefathers utilize above-mentioned seeds to carry out corresponding experimental study, but do not propose a set of comparatively perfect diversiform-leaved poplar grafting method.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the vegetative grafting method of promotion diversiform-leaved poplar that a kind of effective containment Populus Euphratica Oliv. Population upgrades weak and aging.
For addressing the above problem, the vegetative grafting method of a kind of promotion diversiform-leaved poplar of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) irrigate and the extermination of disease and insect pest before grafting: irrigated annual mid-March according to a conventional method, and the pre-preventing disease and pest of pesticide according to a conventional method;
(2) the selection of stock: select that trunk is perfectly straight, annual, the vigorous and Xinjiang poplar that scion is full of growing is as stock;
(3) the selection of diversiform-leaved poplar scion: select leading thread 20 ~ 25cm, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10 ~ 15cm, eye is full, branch is healthy and strong, without the between twenty and fifty diversiform-leaved poplar tree of life in 15 ~ 25 years of damage by disease and insect as the kind bar; Select from the tree crown of described kind of bar middle part the branch that length is 40 ~ 50cm, with pruner, cut the branch two ends, in the middle of getting, full position comprises branch that 4 ~ 6 buds and length are 8 ~ 12cm as the diversiform-leaved poplar scion;
(4) the rudiment below described stock Xinjiang poplar height 1.2m is all cut, then 1 ~ 1.2m the At The Height at described stock Xinjiang poplar trunk is divided into " ten " font edge of a knife with grafting knife, and with described grafting knife, epidermis is pushed aside, with the cleft grafting cutter, pries open and splits mouth; Protectant is smeared at the described mouthful place of splitting;
(5) the lower end of described diversiform-leaved poplar scion is trimmed to rhombus, and makes scion face smooth smooth, the diversiform-leaved poplar scion after being pruned;
(6) the diversiform-leaved poplar scion after described pruning is inserted to the described mouthful place of splitting before and after the Ching Ming Festival, with the described stock of plastic film strip tighten, and the eye of described stock and petiole are exposed, complete grafting;
(7) grafting is poured water after completing according to a conventional method in time, and according to the timely moisturizing of the water regime in forest land; Apply fertilizer after one month 1 time according to a conventional method in interval; When Xinjiang poplar occur to be sprouted bud, the bud of sprouting is all erased, until the diversiform-leaved poplar seedling while growing 3 ~ 4 true leaves according to a conventional method pesticide prevention disease of getting rusty with other disease, get final product.
The protectant of described step in (4) refers to " protecting the tree general " 100 times of liquid that mass concentration is 1%.
" ten " font edge of a knife of described step in (4) refers to the otch of the 8cm that grows crosswise, perpendicular long 10cm.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, the present invention selects Xinjiang poplar to do stock, the diversiform-leaved poplar grafting is carried out to vegetative propagation to the stock Xinjiang poplar, significantly be greater than the good characteristic of diversiform-leaved poplar and Xinjiang poplar itself to the Characters of Xinjiang poplar due to the diversiform-leaved poplar grafting, and the growth rate of Xinjiang poplar is greater than diversiform-leaved poplar, therefore, the grafting diversiform-leaved poplar can be improved the growth rate of diversiform-leaved poplar, diversiform-leaved poplar Grafting Xinjiang poplar can solve the poor characteristics of diversiform-leaved poplar material simultaneously, and can change the broken tripe of Xinjiang poplar, the dry tip, the physiological properties such as not drought resisting, be conducive in saline land, canal system, river, the other construction in storehouse timber forest, thereby make the good quality and high output of the diversiform-leaved poplar acquisition willow that timber production capacity is low, particularly at Arid desert region, utilize these means of diversiform-leaved poplar Grafting Xinjiang poplar, can effectively contain that Populus Euphratica Oliv. Population upgrades the development trend of weak and aging, and then the During Process of Ecological Restoration of acceleration Populus euphratica community, promote the renewal of the Populus Euphratica Oliv. Population of degeneration, for reasonable utilization and the popularization of Populus euphratica resource provides theoretical foundation.
2, the present invention improves in the processing of stock and scion, grafting process, smearing the flow processs such as protectant before grafting; at stock, select and scion has provided new standard aspect choosing; and " ten " font bud grafting technology proposed innovatively; " T " font method more in the past has a lot of raisings; and propose for the first time diversiform-leaved poplar scion lower end is cut into to diamond shape, to meet the requirement matched with " ten " font rootstock opening-cleaving.
3, the present invention is by after Forestry Workstations nursery, Alashan Area, inner Mongolia Autonomous Region alliance Ejina Banner is to 124 strain Xinjiang poplar grafting diversiform-leaved poplar practical applications; respond well; graft survival rate reaches more than 75%, this for protection diversiform-leaved poplar fine genes, improve western eco-environment and exploitation, utilize saline land resource etc. significant.
Embodiment
The vegetative grafting method of a kind of promotion diversiform-leaved poplar comprises the following steps:
(1) irrigate and the extermination of disease and insect pest before grafting: irrigated annual mid-March according to a conventional method, and the pre-preventing disease and pest of pesticide according to a conventional method.
(2) the selection of stock: select that trunk is perfectly straight, annual, the vigorous and Xinjiang poplar that scion is full of growing is as stock.
(3) the selection of diversiform-leaved poplar scion: select leading thread 20 ~ 25cm, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10 ~ 15cm, eye is full, branch is healthy and strong, without the between twenty and fifty diversiform-leaved poplar tree of life in 15 ~ 25 years of damage by disease and insect as the kind bar; Select from the tree crown of described kind of bar middle part the branch that length is 40 ~ 50cm, with pruner, cut the branch two ends, in the middle of getting, full position comprises branch that 4 ~ 6 buds and length are 8 ~ 12cm as the diversiform-leaved poplar scion.
(4) the rudiment below stock Xinjiang poplar height 1.2m is all cut, then 1 ~ 1.2m the At The Height at stock Xinjiang poplar trunk is divided into " ten " font edge of a knife with grafting knife, should " ten " font edge of a knife is the otch of 8cm, perpendicular long 10cm of growing crosswise; And with grafting knife, epidermis is pushed aside, pry open and split mouth with the cleft grafting cutter; Split a mouthful place and smear protectant.Protectant refers to " protecting the tree general " 100 times of liquid that mass concentration is 1%.
(5) the lower end of diversiform-leaved poplar scion is trimmed to rhombus, and makes scion face smooth smooth, the diversiform-leaved poplar scion after being pruned.
(6) before and after the Ching Ming Festival, the diversiform-leaved poplar scion after pruning is inserted and split a mouthful place, with plastic film strip tighten stock, and the eye of stock and petiole are exposed, complete grafting.
Adopt with cutting with the work flow connect in the grafting process, completed by two people's joint constructions, a people embraces the twig of having pruned, and another people is responsible for cutting skin, wrapping.The sample plot of this research is selected Lin work station, Ejina Banner, and the distance of two class seeds is closed on, convenient working.If but there is certain distance in the place of pruning diversiform-leaved poplar twig and Grafting Xinjiang poplar; perhaps adopt Quantity of the scion when larger; scion need be put into to water and keep its freshness; cannot not connect completely the same day, scion will be kept in the shade, moist place yet, for the moisture evaporation in anti-process here; the diversiform-leaved poplar bud of having pruned can be kept in freshness protection package or preservative film; both protected twig to avoid the impact of external condition, damage by dragging, effectively controlled again the moisture evaporation simultaneously.Generally do not surpass 3 days, in order to avoid affect the survival rate of grafting.
(7) grafting is poured water after completing according to a conventional method in time, and according to the timely moisturizing of the water regime in forest land; Apply fertilizer after one month 1 time according to a conventional method in interval; When Xinjiang poplar occur to be sprouted bud, the bud of sprouting is all erased, until the diversiform-leaved poplar seedling while growing 3 ~ 4 true leaves according to a conventional method pesticide prevention disease of getting rusty with other disease, get final product.

Claims (3)

1. one kind promotes the vegetative grafting method of diversiform-leaved poplar, comprises the following steps:
(1) irrigate and the extermination of disease and insect pest before grafting: irrigated annual mid-March according to a conventional method, and the pre-preventing disease and pest of pesticide according to a conventional method;
(2) the selection of stock: select that trunk is perfectly straight, annual, the vigorous and Xinjiang poplar that scion is full of growing is as stock;
(3) the selection of diversiform-leaved poplar scion: select leading thread 20 ~ 25cm, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10 ~ 15cm, eye is full, branch is healthy and strong, without the between twenty and fifty diversiform-leaved poplar tree of life in 15 ~ 25 years of damage by disease and insect as the kind bar; Select from the tree crown of described kind of bar middle part the branch that length is 40 ~ 50cm, with pruner, cut the branch two ends, in the middle of getting, full position comprises branch that 4 ~ 6 buds and length are 8 ~ 12cm as the diversiform-leaved poplar scion;
(4) the rudiment below described stock Xinjiang poplar height 1.2m is all cut, then 1 ~ 1.2m the At The Height at described stock Xinjiang poplar trunk is divided into " ten " font edge of a knife with grafting knife, and with described grafting knife, epidermis is pushed aside, with the cleft grafting cutter, pries open and splits mouth; Protectant is smeared at the described mouthful place of splitting;
(5) the lower end of described diversiform-leaved poplar scion is trimmed to rhombus, and makes scion face smooth smooth, the diversiform-leaved poplar scion after being pruned;
(6) the diversiform-leaved poplar scion after described pruning is inserted to the described mouthful place of splitting before and after the Ching Ming Festival, with the described stock of plastic film strip tighten, and the eye of described stock and petiole are exposed, complete grafting;
(7) grafting is poured water after completing according to a conventional method in time, and according to the timely moisturizing of the water regime in forest land; Apply fertilizer after one month 1 time according to a conventional method in interval; When Xinjiang poplar occur to be sprouted bud, the bud of sprouting is all erased, until the diversiform-leaved poplar seedling while growing 3 ~ 4 true leaves according to a conventional method pesticide prevention disease of getting rusty with other disease, get final product.
2. the vegetative grafting method of a kind of promotion diversiform-leaved poplar as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the protectant of described step in (4) refers to " protecting the tree general " 100 times of liquid that mass concentration is 1%.
3. the vegetative grafting method of a kind of promotion diversiform-leaved poplar as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: " ten " font edge of a knife of described step in (4) refers to the otch of the 8cm that grows crosswise, perpendicular long 10cm.
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CN104885858A (en) * 2015-06-08 2015-09-09 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 Grafting method for populus diversifolia vegetative propagation
CN106134806B (en) * 2016-08-22 2019-12-10 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 Grafting propagation method for natural hybrid populus grey in whole growing season
CN106342555B (en) * 2016-08-22 2020-01-31 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 Method for breeding new species of natural hetero-alternating heterogeneous populus euphratica and populus griseus
CN106576928A (en) * 2016-11-24 2017-04-26 乌苏市中绿园林绿化有限公司 Method of grafting populus euramericana cv. onto populus bolleana
CN109220442A (en) * 2017-08-24 2019-01-18 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 A kind of breeding method adapting to desert climate diversiform-leaved poplar
CN109220280B (en) * 2017-08-24 2021-08-03 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 Grafting method for promoting asexual propagation of populus euphratica
CN108617306A (en) * 2018-05-10 2018-10-09 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 Accelerate the Sectionalized graft method of willow development
CN109673290B (en) * 2019-01-14 2021-02-26 华中农业大学 Watermelon top-inserting grafting method for reducing rootstock sprouting regeneration

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