CN108207468A - A kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin - Google Patents
A kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin Download PDFInfo
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- CN108207468A CN108207468A CN201810018834.3A CN201810018834A CN108207468A CN 108207468 A CN108207468 A CN 108207468A CN 201810018834 A CN201810018834 A CN 201810018834A CN 108207468 A CN108207468 A CN 108207468A
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- 244000025797 Castanea pumila Species 0.000 claims description 29
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 15
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin, which is characterized in that the method step is as follows：（1）Big tree cutting strunk；（2）Cultivate young sprout；（3）Scion prepares；（4）Stock processing；（5）Grafting；（6）It is managed after connecing；Realize that graft survival rate is up to more than 95% by the above method, and substantially increase grafting efficiency, grafting current year is that pumping goes out a large amount of sturdy branch groups, form full tree crown, second year starts large result, efficiently solves that chinquapin graft survival rate in the prior art is low, needs repeatedly to mend for many years and connect, grafting complex procedures, inefficient, the problem of time-consuming and Growth status and slow restoration result are managed after connecing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit-tree grafting fields, particularly relate to a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin.
Background technology
Chinquapin（Castanea henryiRehd. et Wils）Belong to Fagaceae（Fagaceae）Castanea（Castanea
Mill.）Plant is Chinese unique wheat, is the famous dry fruit of south China and woody grain seeds, nut is in cone, wind
Taste is unique, multivitamin and trace element rich in starch, protein, soluble sugar and needed by human body, nutritive value compared with
It is high.Because chinquapin quality is better than the southern Cultivars of Chinese Chestnut of the overwhelming majority, particularly suitable for eating raw, sugar is fried and processing, deep by vast south group
Crowd likes, and since its economic well-being of workers and staff is higher, is increasingly becoming the Important Economic woods seeds that south China mountain area self-employed tree cultivator shakes off poverty and sets out on the road to prosperity.
In recent years, due to cultivation of growing directly from seeds, the factors such as kind aging and structure are single, cultivation management is extensive, lead to large area
Chinquapin grows into forest low yield, low-quality, inefficient, the serious contusion enthusiasm for production of Li Nong.Therefore, it under existing situation, makes full use of
Existing forest land resource is carried out reconfiguration and is changed kind, accelerates its kind more using chinquapin high yield and high quality kind tree big to original chinquapin, veteran
New and rejuvenation for fast lifting chinquapin yield and benefit, restores chinquapin industry development and has an important realistic meaning, and with again
The newly-built new garden of chinquapin is compared, and small investment is quick, is into one of the major measure of age chinquapin low production forest improvement.
Existing high-grafting technology there are it is inconvenient, remold and downgrade tree-like complex procedures the problems such as, most critical
It is directly when carrying out changing on relatively thick higher trunk kind, since stock and scion rugosity difference are too big, graft union wrapping is not tight
It is real easily leak out, be susceptible, bleeding, scion shaking phenomena such as, cause scion death and graft survival rate low, generally require into
Row is repeatedly mended connect for many years, time-consuming, and is unfavorable for fast quick-recovery yield and benefit.
And traditional cut-grafting method the problem is that, need that scion base portion both sides xylem is cut and repaiied repeatedly
It is whole, the section of flat smooth is formed, is aligned and is fully bonded to reach the xylem part one or both sides that are cut with stock
Purpose, process is numerous and diverse, and grafting efficiency is relatively low, and cannot be often bonded completely because xylem cuts out-of-flatness between scion and stock
And phenomena such as gap occur, being easily displaced when binding up a wound, it is difficult to form callus and cause to connect between scion and stock
Fringe is dead, and graft survival rate is not high.
Therefore, many disadvantages based on previous high-grafting technology and engrafting method, there is an urgent need to a kind of graft survival rates
High, easy to operate, laborsaving saving of labor, quick formed downgrade the big tree reconfiguration method of tree-like and result chinquapin of getting bumper crops.
Invention content
The present invention in order to solve existing high-grafting technology there are it is inconvenient, remold and downgrade tree-like complex procedures etc.
Problem and traditional cut-grafting method are numerous and diverse there are process, and grafting efficiency is relatively low, and often because xylem is cut between scion and stock
Phenomena such as out-of-flatness cannot be bonded and gap occurs, be easily displaced when binding up a wound completely is cut, is difficult between scion and stock
It forms callus and leads to the problems such as scion is dead, and graft survival rate is not high, propose a kind of high graft survival rate, operation letter
Just, laborsaving saving of labor, quick formed downgrade the big tree reconfiguration method of tree-like and result chinquapin of getting bumper crops, and efficiently solve in the prior art
Chinquapin graft survival rate is low, needs repeatedly to mend for many years and connect, grafting complex procedures, inefficient, and time-consuming, Yi Jishu is managed after connecing
The problem of body is grown and restoration result is slow.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin, which is characterized in that the method step is as follows：
（1）Big tree cutting strunk：Cutting strunk processing is carried out in rest period tree big to chinquapin, for different tree form, kryptoblast quantity and its distribution
Situation etc. selects cutting strunk mode；
（2）Cultivate young sprout：Strengthen forest land tending management after big tree cutting strunk, more organic fertilizers promote trunk or branched base part and four
Zhou Yinya sends out branch；
（3）Scion prepares：Chinquapin improved seeds fringe bar was acquired before winter or early spring rudiment, with reference to trimming from into the big tree of annual bearing
Middle and upper part selects 2 ~ triennial to physically well develop, the bearing basal shoot that health is sturdy, sprout is full and result branch, branch are cut after acquiring
Into segment, retain branch at " Y " shaped forked branch and growth trace rich in kryptoblast, and sealing wax processing is carried out to both ends clip, use
Be packed into freshness protection package after plastic ties binding, it is every 50 a bundle, be positioned over 4 DEG C of refrigerators storages and preserve；
（4）Stock processing：After shoot growth is newly sprouted 1 year, healthy and strong coppice shoot is chosen as stock, is left and taken in trunk or branch few
Amount coppice shoot is to supply moisture and nutrient needed for grafting later stage stock root system and the growth of scion young sprout, be steamed as column living and tree body
Cooling effect is risen, remaining coppice shoot is sprouted base portion close to it and wiped out；
（5）Grafting：It before grafting in spring rudiment, is carried out when sap has flowed, selects sunny calm weather, grafted for giving over to
Stock coppice shoot wipes out distance and sprouts the cm above sections of base portion 10 cm ~ 15, and keep clip position smooth, clean, utilizes
Preprepared improved variety scion is grafted using cut-grafting method；
（6）It is managed after connecing：Sprout tillers easily occurs for stock after grafting, erases in time；Graft union plastic film binding situation is inspected periodically,
If there is loosening, tighten again.
Further, the step（1）In if big tree is only there are one trunk, then at the cm of 30 cm of ground ~ 50 into
Row amputation；If big tree, in natural open centre shape, cutting strunk position selects each branch at the cm of 50 cm of ground ~ 80；Using sharp
Chain saw amputates trunk or bough, smears vaseline after cutting or lime sulfur pair cross-section position is protected, prevent pest and disease damage etc. from invading
Enter.
Further, the step（2）Middle forest land tending management include clear garden, plough loosen the soil, weeding, fertilizer and water management, disease
Pest control.
Further, the step（2）Erased, unclogged and readjusted to extra thin and delicate coppice shoot when growing the busy season, in trunk or
Each branch surrounding is left and taken grows vigorous coppice shoot in right amount, reduces nutrient loss, to form healthy and strong coppice shoot, while need to be to growing vigorous sprout
Item carries out appropriate pinching processing.
Further, the step（3）In branch choose at bearing basal shoot pumping fruitful branch, the cm of 1 cm of rugosity ~ 1.5
Bifurcated branch, be cut into the cm segments of 8 cm ~ 12 after branch acquisition.
Further, the step（4）It chooses in the region of the relatively close base portion of trunk surrounding or branch periphery and uniformly divides
Cloth and direction perpendicular to the ground are in 4 ~ 5 healthy and strong coppice shoots at 30 ° ~ 45 ° the first transaction of a day's business angles as stock.
Further, the step（4）The method of middle grafting is specific as follows：
A, stock is cut：Selection stock is straight, surface is regular and smooth side, with grafting knife along forming layer from top to bottom
It cuts, cuts out bast, retain bast in lower end, cut off the bast of upper end；
B, scion is cut：In scion opposing straight, surface is regular and the back side of smooth side, apart from scion base portion 1cm or so, profit
It firmly chamfers with grafting knife；And in more smooth, the smooth side of scion, apart from 4 cm of scion base portion or so, from upper and
Under gently cut along forming layer to scion base portion；
C, it is inserted into scion：The position that the side of scion flat smooth alignment stock is cut out is adjacent to and is inserted into stock and cuts out position
Bottom end, and the bast that 1 cm reserved position bottom end or so is cut out with stock encases the scarf part of scion；
D, it wraps up：Grafting part is wrapped up using the plastic film with flexible, from bottom to top, spiral wound is with tightly
All wound locations are sealed, and play slip-knot tie-down.
Further, the stock cuts out the bast of the cm of 2 cm of length ~ 3 in cutting, and retains 1 cm's or so in lower end
Bast.
Further, the scion cut the middle scion back side at 1 cm of base portion firmly downwards beveling it is at 45 ° with shape
Smooth bevel face.
Further, the step（6）Connect after management further include following content：Treat scion sprout growth 2 months or so,
Plastic film at graft union is first unclamped, is then released after 2 ~ 3 days, scion is made more preferably to heal with stock, in order to avoid form contriction and shadow
Growth is rung, while the fixation work of scion coppice shoot need to be carried out, prevents wind from it being made to be broken from interface；When grafting young sprout is grown to
During 30 more than cm, by the use of reserved stock coppice shoot as column living, young sprout is gently strapped on column, with young sprout by
It gradually extends, then bondage 2 ~ 3, after young sprout robust growth, next year is except deactivation column；When young sprout length is to 40 cm ~ 50 cm and
When extract terminal bud, with growth-promoting Secondary Branch, when Secondary Branch length is to 10 more than cm, stay in outer smear, erase thin and delicate branch and intersect branch, with
Mould the healthy and strong branch group of crown and formation；The science management and control of reserved stock coppice shoot is carried out in due course, plucks top and trimming in time, prevents its life
The long too quickly growth for influencing grafting young sprout, cannot also remove reserved stock coppice shoot too early, in order to avoid stock root growth is influenced, drop
Low survival rate of plant；Current year top dressing 2 ~ 3 times is grafted, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, promotes shoot growth；It was found that pest and disease damage is timely
Prevention.
The invention has the advantages that：
The present invention realizes that graft survival rate is up to more than 95%, and substantially increase grafting efficiency, and grafting current year is that pumping goes out largely
Sturdy branch group, forms full tree crown, and second year starts large result, efficiently solves chinquapin graft survival rate in the prior art
It is low, need repeatedly to mend for many years and connect, grafting complex procedures, inefficient manage time-consuming and Growth status and restore to tie after connecing
The problem of fruit is slow.
After big tree cutting strunk, by smearing vaseline or lime sulfur at section to prevent the intrusions such as pest and disease damage, add simultaneously
Strong forest land tending management, more organic fertilizers can provide a great selection of sturdy stock of health selected to inspire a large amount of young sprouts for grafting.
It is used as and connects by acquires " Y " shaped forked branch rich in kryptoblast at the big tree bearing basal shoot pumping fruitful branch of chinquapin breeding
Fringe can delay scion to germinate period, and stock and scion is promoted to be sufficiently formed callus and more preferable healing, significantly improve grafting into
Motility rate（Up to more than 95%）, and scion can send out a large amount of young sprouts after grafting survival, quickly form sturdy branch group.
By selecting trunk surrounding or branch periphery is uniformly distributed and direction perpendicular to the ground is in 30 ° ~ 45 ° the first transaction of a day's business during grafting
4 ~ 5 coppice shoots at angle are grafted as stock, can improve grafting efficiency, quickly realize whole strain Cultivar replacing and rejuvenation, again
Follow-up shaping can be saved, draw the processes such as branch, it is tree-like that self-assembling formation downgrades high yield.
By leaving and taking appropriate coppice shoot above stock during grafting, both provided and filled for grafting later stage stock root system and scion growth
The moisture and nutrient of foot, and tree body transpiration cooling and shading can be played the role of, it is also used as column living in addition, by young sprout
Bondage is easy to operate thereon to prevent wind from fractureing, and eliminates a large amount of manpower and materials.
By using the engrafting method of the present invention, only the scion flat smooth side cut need to be directed at the stock portion of cutting out
Point（Justified）It is close to be inserted into its bottom, encases scion scarf with the bast reserved on stock, fully ensured that scion
With stock it is comprehensive it is seamless contact and fit closely, eliminating in traditional cut-grafting method needs to cut scion xylem repeatedly
It cuts and modifies and xylem part one or both sides are cut into open in scion both sides section with stock and be bonded the numerous and diverse work being aligned
Sequence substantially increases grafting efficiency and cion survival rate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that stock is cut.
Fig. 2 is that forming layer is switched to scion base structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram that stock is inserted into scion.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin, method and step are as follows：
（1）Big tree cutting strunk：Cutting strunk processing is carried out in rest period tree big to chinquapin, for different tree form, kryptoblast quantity and its distribution
Situation etc. selects cutting strunk mode, and such as big tree is then amputated only there are one trunk at the cm of 30 cm of ground ~ 50；It is if big
For tree in natural open centre shape, cutting strunk position then selects each branch at the cm of 50 cm of ground ~ 80.Trunk is amputated using sharp chain saw
Or bough, it smears vaseline after cutting or lime sulfur pair cross-section position is protected, prevent the intrusions such as pest and disease damage；
（2）Cultivate young sprout：Strengthen forest land tending management after big tree cutting strunk, including clear garden, plough loosen the soil, weeding, fertilizer and water management, disease
Pest control etc., more organic fertilizers promote trunk or branched base part and surrounding kryptoblast to send out branch；The busy season is grown to extra thin and delicate coppice shoot
It erased, unclogged and readjusted, left and taken in trunk or each branch surrounding and grow vigorous coppice shoot in right amount, nutrient loss is reduced, to form stalwartness
Coppice shoot, while appropriate pinching processing need to be carried out to growing vigorous coppice shoot, to prevent coppice shoot from excessively directly fractureing to growth and wind；
（3）Scion prepares：Chinquapin improved seeds fringe bar was acquired before winter or early spring rudiment, with reference to trimming from into the big tree of annual bearing
Middle and upper part selects 2 ~ triennial to physically well develop, the bearing basal shoot that health is sturdy, sprout is full and result branch, emphasis choose result
At female branch pumping fruitful branch, the bifurcated branch of the cm of 1 cm of rugosity ~ 1.5；The cm segments of 8 cm ~ 12 are cut into after branch acquisition, emphasis is protected
Branch at " Y " shaped forked branch and growth trace rich in kryptoblast is stayed, and sealing wax processing is carried out to both ends clip, is bundled with plastic ties
After be packed into freshness protection package, it is every 50 a bundle, indicate variety name, be positioned over 4 DEG C of refrigerators storages and preserve；
（4）Stock processing：After shoot growth is newly sprouted 1 year, coppice shoot is handled according to different purposes before grafting, in trunk
The region selection of the relatively close base portion of surrounding or branch periphery is uniformly distributed and direction perpendicular to the ground is in 30 ° ~ 45 ° the first transaction of a day's business angles
4 ~ 5 healthy and strong coppice shoots suitably leave and take a small amount of coppice shoot to supply the grafting later stage as stock in trunk or the relatively top region of branch
Moisture and nutrient needed for stock root system and the growth of scion young sprout, as column living and tree body transpiration cooling effect, remaining coppice shoot
Base portion is sprouted close to it to wipe out；
（5）Grafting：Before grafting in spring rudiment, when sap has flowed（Skin is opened, bark can be pushed aside）It carries out, selects sunny
Calm weather for the stock coppice shoot for giving over to grafting, wipes out distance using sharp shrub and hedge trimmer and sprouts the cm of 10 cm of base portion ~ 15
Above section, and keep clip position smooth, clean, using preprepared improved variety scion, transferred using cut-grafting method
It connects.
A, stock is cut：The selection side that stock is straight, surface is regular and smooth, with grafting knife along forming layer（Bast
Between portion and xylem, less than xylem part, but one layer very thin of work bast can be stayed on xylem）It cuts from top to bottom,
The bast of the cm of 2 cm of length ~ 3 is cut out, retains the bast of 1 cm or so in lower end, cuts off the bast of upper end；
B, scion is cut：In scion opposing straight, surface is regular and the back side of smooth side, apart from scion base portion 1cm or so, profit
It firmly chamfers with grafting knife, the smooth bevel face of shape left and right at 45 °；And in more smooth, the smooth side of scion, distance
4 cm of scion base portion or so（Close to bifurcation）, from top to bottom along forming layer（Between bast and xylem, less than wooden
Portion can also retain one layer very thin of work bast）It gently cuts to scion base portion；
C, it is inserted into scion：By the side of scion flat smooth（Bast is pruned）The position that alignment stock is cut out, is adjacent to insertion
The bottom end at position is cut out to stock, and the bast that 1 cm reserved position bottom end or so is cut out with stock encases the scarf of scion
Part；
D, it wraps up：Grafting part is wrapped up using the plastic film with flexible, from bottom to top, spiral wound is with tightly
Seal all wound locations（Including stock clip）, and play slip-knot tie-down.
（6）It is managed after connecing：Sprout tillers easily occurs for stock after grafting, erases in time；Inspect periodically the binding of graft union plastic film
Situation if there is loosening, tightens again；It treats scion sprout growth 2 months or so, plastic film at graft union is first unclamped, after 2 ~ 3 days
It releases, scion is made more preferably to heal with stock, in order to avoid form contriction and influence to grow, while the regular worker of scion coppice shoot need to be carried out
Make, prevent wind from it being made to be broken from interface；When grafting young sprout grows to 30 more than cm, reserved stock coppice shoot is utilized to make
For column living, young sprout is gently strapped on column, as young sprout gradually extends, then bondage 2 ~ 3, treat young sprout robust growth
Afterwards, next year is except deactivation column；When young sprout length is to 40 cm ~ 50 cm, terminal bud is extractd in time, with growth-promoting Secondary Branch, Secondary Branch is long
It during to 10 more than cm, stays in outer smear, erase thin and delicate branch and intersects branch, to mould crown and form healthy and strong branch group；It carries out in due course pre-
The science management and control of stock coppice shoot is stayed, plucks top and trimming in time, the too quickly growth for influencing grafting young sprout of growth is prevented, also cannot
The reserved stock coppice shoot of removal too early, in order to avoid influencing stock root growth, reduces survival rate of plant；Current year top dressing 2 ~ 3 times is grafted, with
Based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, promote shoot growth；It was found that pest and disease damage is prevented in time.
It is as follows to implement example：
Enforcement place：The all chinquapin gardens of Zhejiang Province Qingyuan County five
Implement the time：2 months ~ in November, 2016 in 2015
Original chinquapin grows into forest overview：300 plants of big trees of chinquapin adult, local farm variety, the age of tree：15 years or more；Typical low yield
Woods, tree vigo(u)r is general, the kg of 0.5 kg of strain yield ~ 1.0.
（1）Big tree cutting strunk：In in mid-February, 2015 tree progress cutting strunk processing big to 300 plants of garden chinquapin, for different trees
Shape, kryptoblast quantity and its distribution situation etc. select cutting strunk mode, and such as big tree is only there are one trunk, then apart from 30 cm ~ 50 of ground
It is amputated at cm；If big tree, in natural open centre shape, cutting strunk position selects each branch at the cm of 50 cm of ground ~ 80.Profit
Trunk or bough are amputated with sharp chain saw, surface wood sawdust is removed after cutting, and it is molten to smear boiled lime sulfur in advance immediately
Liquid pair cross-section position is protected, and prevents the intrusions such as pest and disease damage.
（2）Cultivate young sprout：Strengthen forest land tending management after big tree cutting strunk, including clear garden, plough loosen the soil, weeding, rich water pipe
Reason, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc., such as in mid-February, 2015 do dry branches and fallen leaves cleaning in the bough of amputation and garden to early March
Only, and to entire garden deep-cut digging, 30 more than cm of depth uses sufficient organic fertilizer, and every plant of application 20 kg ~ 25 kg are decomposed
Sheep manure, trunk or branched base part and surrounding kryptoblast to be promoted to send out branch, and be the well-off nutrient of later stage shoot growth；
From mid-April to late August, artificial weeding is carried out 2 ~ 3 times to forest land, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control 3 ~ 4 times, top dressing 2 times, with nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer
Based on, dry season waters in time when meeting 15 days or more without rainfall；The growth busy season erases to extra thin and delicate coppice shoot, is unclogged and readjusted, in master
Dry or each branch surrounding leaves and takes 10 ~ 15 vigorous coppice shoots of growth, reduces nutrient loss, to form healthy and strong coppice shoot, meanwhile, treat coppice shoot
When length is to 30 more than cm, pinching processing is carried out to it, to prevent coppice shoot from excessively directly fractureing to growth and wind.
（3）Scion prepares：Chinquapin improved seeds fringe bar is acquired in March, 2016, breeding ' YLZ 7 is authorized including Zhejiang Province
Number ', ' YLZ 26 ' etc., from into the selection of annual bearing great Shu middle and upper parts, 2 ~ triennial physically well develops, health is sturdy, sprout is full
Bearing basal shoot and result branch, emphasis is chosen at bearing basal shoot pumping fruitful branch, the bifurcated branch of the cm of 1 cm of rugosity ~ 1.5；Branch
The cm segments of 8 cm ~ 12 are cut into after acquisition, emphasis retains branch at " Y " shaped forked branch and growth trace rich in kryptoblast, and to two
Clip is held to carry out sealing wax processing, is packed into freshness protection package after being bundled with plastic ties, it is every 50 a bundle, indicate variety name, be positioned over 4 DEG C
Refrigerator storage preserves；
（4）Stock processing：In early March, 2016 is opposite in trunk surrounding or branch periphery after shoot growth is newly sprouted 1 year
Be uniformly distributed close to base regions selection and direction perpendicular to the ground in the 4-5 stalwartness coppice shoot at 30 ° ~ 45 ° the first transaction of a day's business angles as anvil
Wood, and a small amount of coppice shoot is suitably left and taken above stock（3 ~ 4）With water needed for supply grafting later stage stock root system and young sprout growth
Divide with nutrient, as column living and tree body transpiration cooling effect, remaining coppice shoot is sprouted base portion close to it and wiped out；
（5）Grafting：In mid-March, 2016 progress is grafted in, sunny calm weather is selected, is sprouted for the stock for giving over to grafting
Item wipes out distance using sharp shrub and hedge trimmer and sprouts the cm above sections of base portion 10 cm ~ 15, and keep clip position smooth, clean,
Using the improved variety scions such as ready ' YLZ 7 ', ' YLZ 26 ' are acquired in advance, grafted using cut-grafting method, it is different
Kind is set by random district's groups, and each kind grafts 30 plants or more.
（6）It is managed after connecing：Sprout tillers easily occurs for stock after grafting, erases in time；Inspect periodically the binding of graft union plastic film
Situation if there is loosening, tightens again；It treats scion sprout growth 2 months or so, plastic film at graft union is first unclamped, after 2 ~ 3 days
It releases, scion is made more preferably to heal with stock, in order to avoid form contriction and influence to grow, while the regular worker of scion coppice shoot need to be carried out
Make, prevent wind from it being made to be broken from interface；When grafting young sprout grows to 30 more than cm, reserved stock coppice shoot is utilized to make
For column living, young sprout is gently strapped on column, as young sprout gradually extends, then bondage 2 ~ 3, treat young sprout robust growth
Afterwards, next year is except deactivation column；When young sprout length is to 40 cm ~ 50 cm, terminal bud is extractd in time, with growth-promoting Secondary Branch, Secondary Branch is long
It during to 10 more than cm, stays in outer smear, erase thin and delicate branch and intersects branch, to mould crown and form healthy and strong branch group；It carries out in due course pre-
The science management and control of stock coppice shoot is stayed, the too quickly growth for influencing grafting young sprout of growth is prevented, cannot also remove reserved anvil too early
Wooden coppice shoot in order to avoid influencing stock root growth, reduces survival rate of plant；Current year top dressing 2 ~ 3 times is grafted, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, is promoted
Into shoot growth；It was found that pest and disease damage is prevented in time.
It is high in grafting investigation statistics different cultivars graft survival rate in November, 2016 current year, young sprout base portion rugosity, plant
Degree, plant hat width, healthy and strong Secondary Branch quantity etc., the results are shown in table below：
| Grafted Variety | Survival rate/% | Young sprout base portion rugosity/cm | Plant height/m | Plant hat width/m | Secondary Branch quantity/ |
| ' YLZ 7 ' | 95% | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 24 |
| ' YLZ 26 ' | 95% | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 28 |
| ' early perfume chestnut ' | 96% | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 25 |
Using traditional engrafting method, i.e., make scion using 1 year raw result branch of full, the healthy no disease pest of sprout, using tradition
Cut-grafting method is grafted, current year graft survival rate, young sprout base portion rugosity, plant height, plant hat width, healthy and strong Secondary Branch number
The results are shown in table below for amount etc.：
| Grafted Variety | Survival rate/% | Young sprout base portion rugosity/cm | Plant height/m | Plant hat width/m | Secondary Branch quantity/ |
| ' YLZ 7 ' | 43% | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 6 |
| ' YLZ 26 ' | 51% | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 10 |
| ' early perfume chestnut ' | 58% | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 8 |
It can be seen from above-described embodiment that the engrafting method by taking the big tree reconfiguration breeding of the chinquapin of the present invention, is grafted into
Motility rate reach 95% and more than, far above traditional engrafting method, 1.5 more than cm of grafting current year scion average boldness, plant is average
Hat width has important application value in 2.0 more than m.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but the protection domain invented is not limited thereto, any to be familiar with sheet
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in should all be covered and invent the technical staff in field
Protection domain within.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin, which is characterized in that the method step is as follows：（1）Big tree cutting strunk：Cutting strunk processing is carried out in rest period tree big to chinquapin, for different tree form, kryptoblast quantity and its distribution Situation etc. selects cutting strunk mode；（2）Cultivate young sprout：Strengthen forest land tending management after big tree cutting strunk, more organic fertilizers promote trunk or branched base part and four Zhou Yinya sends out branch；（3）Scion prepares：Chinquapin improved seeds fringe bar was acquired before winter or early spring rudiment, with reference to trimming from into the big tree of annual bearing Middle and upper part selects 2 ~ triennial to physically well develop, the bearing basal shoot that health is sturdy, sprout is full and result branch, branch are cut after acquiring Into segment, retain branch at " Y " shaped forked branch and growth trace rich in kryptoblast, and sealing wax processing is carried out to both ends clip, use Be packed into freshness protection package after plastic ties binding, it is every 50 a bundle, be positioned over 4 DEG C of refrigerators storages and preserve；（4）Stock processing：After shoot growth is newly sprouted 1 year, healthy and strong coppice shoot is chosen as stock, is left and taken in trunk or branch few Amount coppice shoot is to supply moisture and nutrient needed for grafting later stage stock root system and the growth of scion young sprout, be steamed as column living and tree body Cooling effect is risen, remaining coppice shoot is sprouted base portion close to it and wiped out；（5）Grafting：It before grafting in spring rudiment, is carried out when sap has flowed, selects sunny calm weather, grafted for giving over to Stock coppice shoot wipes out distance and sprouts the cm above sections of base portion 10 cm ~ 15, and keep clip position smooth, clean, utilizes Preprepared improved variety scion is grafted using cut-grafting method；A, stock is cut：Selection stock is straight, surface is regular and smooth side, with grafting knife along forming layer from top to bottom It cuts, cuts out bast, retain bast in lower end, cut off the bast of upper end；B, scion is cut：In scion opposing straight, surface is regular and the back side of smooth side, apart from scion base portion 1cm or so, profit It firmly chamfers with grafting knife；And in more smooth, the smooth side of scion, apart from 4 cm of scion base portion or so, from upper and Under gently cut along forming layer to scion base portion；C, it is inserted into scion：The position that the side of scion flat smooth alignment stock is cut out is adjacent to and is inserted into stock and cuts out position Bottom end, and the bast that 1 cm reserved position bottom end or so is cut out with stock encases the scarf part of scion；D, it wraps up：Grafting part is wrapped up using the plastic film with flexible, from bottom to top, spiral wound is with tightly All wound locations are sealed, and play slip-knot tie-down；（6）It is managed after connecing：Sprout tillers easily occurs for stock after grafting, erases in time；Graft union plastic film binding situation is inspected periodically, If there is loosening, tighten again.
- 2. a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In such as big tree Only there are one trunk, then amputated at the cm of 30 cm of ground ~ 50；If big tree is in natural open centre shape, cutting strunk position Each branch is selected at the cm of 50 cm of ground ~ 80；Trunk or bough are amputated using sharp chain saw, vaseline or stone are smeared after cutting Sulphur mixture pair cross-section position is protected, and prevents the intrusions such as pest and disease damage.
- 3. a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（2）It comforts in middle forest land Educate management include clear garden, plough loosen the soil, weeding, fertilizer and water management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
- 4. a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（2）It is prosperous growing It erased, unclogged and readjusted to extra thin and delicate coppice shoot during season, left and taken in trunk or each branch surrounding and grow vigorous coppice shoot in right amount, reduced and support Shunting is lost, and to form healthy and strong coppice shoot, while need to carry out appropriate pinching processing to growing vigorous coppice shoot.
- 5. a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（3）In branch It chooses at bearing basal shoot pumping fruitful branch, the bifurcated branch of the cm of 1 cm of rugosity ~ 1.5, it is small to be cut into 8 cm ~ 12 cm after branch acquisition Section.
- 6. a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（4）In trunk four Week or branch periphery relatively close base portion region choose be uniformly distributed and direction perpendicular to the ground in 30 ° ~ 45 ° the first transaction of a day's business angles 4 ~ 5 healthy and strong coppice shoots are as stock.
- 7. a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The stock is cut out in cutting The bast of the cm of 2 cm of length ~ 3 retains the bast of 1 cm or so in lower end.
- 8. a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Middle scion is cut in the scion The back side is firmly chamfer with shape smooth bevel face at 45 ° downwards at 1 cm of base portion.
- 9. a kind of big tree reconfiguration method of chinquapin according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（6）Connect after manage Reason further includes following content：It treats scion sprout growth 2 months or so, first unclamps plastic film at graft union, then solved after 2 ~ 3 days It removes, scion is made more preferably to heal with stock, in order to avoid form contriction and influence to grow, while the fixation work of scion coppice shoot need to be carried out, Prevent wind from it being made to be broken from interface；When graft young sprout grow to 30 more than cm when, by the use of reserved stock coppice shoot as work Young sprout is gently strapped on column by column, as young sprout gradually extends, then bondage 2 ~ 3, after young sprout robust growth, Next year is except deactivation column；When young sprout length is to 40 cm ~ 50 cm, terminal bud is extractd in time, with growth-promoting Secondary Branch, Secondary Branch length to 10 It during more than cm, stays in outer smear, erase thin and delicate branch and intersects branch, to mould crown and form healthy and strong branch group；Reserved anvil is carried out in due course The science management and control of wooden coppice shoot, plucks top and trimming in time, prevents the too quickly growth for influencing grafting young sprout of growth, also cannot be too early The reserved stock coppice shoot of removal, in order to avoid influencing stock root growth, reduces survival rate of plant；Graft current year top dressing 2 ~ 3 times, with nitrogen, Based on phosphate fertilizer, promote shoot growth；It was found that pest and disease damage is prevented in time.
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| CN109168857A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-11 | 张晗月 | A kind of jujube tree suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area do only after quick forming method |
| CN110249823A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-09-20 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of multiple connection restorative procedure of Queensland nut |
| CN110859093A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-06 | 新宁县润杰农业开发有限公司 | Method for updating fruit tree variety |
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| CN110859093A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-06 | 新宁县润杰农业开发有限公司 | Method for updating fruit tree variety |
| CN114223451A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-25 | 福建省春天生态科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating cut-stem seedlings |
| CN114223451B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-11-11 | 福建省春天生态科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating cut-stem seedlings |
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