CN103704031A - Cultivation method for quick forming of top positioning grafting trellis pears - Google Patents
Cultivation method for quick forming of top positioning grafting trellis pears Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for quick forming of top positioning grafting trellis pears. The method includes the steps of birchleaf pear rootstock planting, grafting and pear tree trellis management. The grafting time is the autumn of the second year and the spring of the third year, wherein budding is carried out in the autumn of the second year through scissors, and stem grafting is carried out in the spring of the third year through scissors. The method is simple in operation procedure, convenient to achieve and easy to master. Grafting of cultivated varieties is carried out on main branches of birchleaf pear rootstocks, and the thickness, canopies, light intensity and photosynthesis of trunks are remarkably higher than those of a conventional shaping trellis pear technology. Besides, labor, materials and production cost are saved, and the use quantity of field pesticides is remarkably reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit growing field, particularly a kind of cultivation method of high-order location grafting frame pears Quick-forming.
Background technology
The pergola system technique functions of modern pears comes from Japan.Japan Shi Ge island country, is subject to the impact of marine climate, and windy, rainy, high humidity, often meet with the attack of typhoon.Since the beginning of the thirties in 20th century, the vertical type cultivation that Japan changes is in the past shed frame type cultivation.Within 1949～1965 years, comparative study has been carried out to pear tree pergola system and upright cultivation in Japanese Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry gardening test site, and improve with culture technique Japanese pear tree frame is tree-like, formed the tree-like and culture technique of the pear tree frame of science relatively, and applied in full-time this country.Pear tree pergola system can reduce the loss that typhoon causes, and is convenient to orchard daily management, and yield per unit area is high, the operatic circle quality better.The traditional pear tree planting type of China is standing tree formula, and Daliang City in 1995 is Introduced from Japan pears pergola system technology the earliest.According to incompletely statistics, there are frame theatre approximately 100,000 hm in China at present
2, being mainly distributed in East Coastal or the coastal waters provinces and cities such as Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Fujian, Jiangxi, also there is a small amount of plantation in the provinces such as Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Sichuan.From garden building method, China's frame theatre is most by large tree transformation, and garden is built in treelet field planting.The main Types of China's frame comprises: horizontal type frame, trapezoidal frame, arch or ridge-shaped frame pattern etc.Horizontal type frame is common a kind of pear tree pergola system pattern, is also the frame pattern that Japan generally adopts.
Produce at present upper pergola system and gone wrong two kinds, (referring to: Zhang Shaoling, Wu Tao. China's frame pears production status and culture technique are inquired into [J]. southern china fruit tree, 2010,39(5): 82-84) one is, the frame pears of reconstruction cause the chaotic problem of structure.The area of China 70% is in the process of pear tree transformation, directly remove that center is dry only leaves portion one deck bough or height connects (referring to Liu Guangrong, Wang Shunjian, Li Zhihong, Chen Jingfen. the high breeding pergola system technology that connects of Dangshan pear, deciduous fruit tree, 2006(6): 43-44), it is slow that tree vigo(u)r recovers, and in process of growth because limb is early to form fixing can not arrangement in time according to the substantially tree-like requirement of frame pears, cause that whole tree crown confeuses the parimary with secondary, master not clear, major branch is many and random, side shoot is few and short, and setting fruit position moves down, and fruit quality is low.Be embodied in: major branch is many, side shoot is more, the needs that cause nutrition can not 2～3 major branches of concentrated supply to be extended fast, transform after 5～6 years and still can not extend to and self should account for frame face position, major branch has become side shoot, side shoot has become fruit spur, and setting fruit position is many is upper and lower multilayer result in the interior thorax middle and lower part of tree crown, has lost the base attribute of pergola system plane result.
The 2nd,, the newly-built frame of China theatre problem, newly-built frame theatre shaping technique falls behind, be subject to the impact of early bearing, high yield idea, during Jian garden, the many frames of China theatre, plantation density is excessive, and fixed dry lower, causes frame insufficient height, the branch of institute's pumping is then let alone to growth, the major branch quantity that can not select and remain out enough in the 1st year; The major branch of selecting can not be drawn and be tied up it in strict accordance with specification requirement on the 2nd year, and a Results, does not consider the added extension speed of major branch.5～8 years frame faces of some theatre age of tree are not covered with yet, often cause major branch, side shoot direction of extension indefinite, after side shoot Cheng Laozhi large branch on canopy face, distributes chaotic, developmental branch formation " mountain " font on canopy face, tree-like disorder, tree vigo(u)r dies down.Though pergola facility is far seen in whole orchard, closely see that still (referring to Yang Qingsong, Lin's warp, contain Baolong to individual plant for traditional standing tree cultivation mode, Yan Zhimei, Li Xiaogang, Chang Youhong, pears pergola system support body is built and pruning technique [J], southern china fruit tree, 2006,35(2): 72-77); This is strong mainly due to cultivar dryness, and sapling up-growth is vigorous in addition, the crisp frangibility of branch, master branch is difficult for drawing branch, adds and draws branch too early, very easily becomes bow structure fruit, will tree vigo(u)r can a little less than, if do not drawn the tree-like difficult formation of branch, therefore produce upper urgent need, to address this problem.
Birch-leaf pear, is arbor, and up to 10 meters, tree crown is carried out; Drought-resistant, resist cold cool, conventionally make the stock of various cultivation pears, the life-span is very long; Timber densification can be made various implements; Bark, containing tannin, can be obtained through refining tannin extract and be used as medicine; Suitable natural disposition is strong, and happiness light is cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging, barren-resistant, equal energy normal growth in neutral soil and saline-alkali soil, as being that 0.4%, pH value is 8.5 at soil salt content, without improving the soil and the technical measures such as soil moved in to improve the original, the birch-leaf pear of planting all can be grown vigorous, but, due to birch-leaf pear fruit cluster cluster, diameter
be only5-10 millimeter,
therefore fruit is not as edible, so birch-leaf pear is the conventional stock of pear tree.
It is larger that cultivation pears kind refers generally to fruit, and meat is thin, and juice is many, good palatability, and fruit commodity value is higher; Jiangsu Province cultivar mainly contains Chinese pear and the large class of white pear two, wherein white pear north is main, as Dangshan pear, kind pears, Jinhua Pear, the crisp pears of dragon's fountain etc., and Chinese pear cultivation mainly be take as main in south, as abundance of water, emerald green hat, Xin Shui, love Gan Shui, China's shortcake, circle Huang etc.; If mainly promote in the market the higher kind of convenience goods valency business mainly contain emerald green hat, circle Huang, abundance of water, new peak light, early summer green, 520 etc.
Summary of the invention
For solving the upper frame pears of production, set in early days bulk-growth quantity not sufficient, a little less than tree body becomes principal stresses; The preparation of master branch is not enough, skewness; Very easily damage by disease and insect harm of trunk; Pear cultivation kind branch vertical growth, spreading angle is little, is difficult to the problems such as canopy, provides a kind of pear tree frame Quick-forming cultivation method for matching to reach fast the technology of standardization frame pear cultivation.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of cultivation method of high-order location grafting frame pears Quick-forming, comprise field planting birchleaf pear rootstock, grafting, the management of pear tree frame, it is characterized in that, grafting opportunity is Second Year autumn and the 3rd year spring, wherein, Second Year adopts the bud grafting of scissors method autumn, and adopt the scion grafting of scissors method the 3rd year spring, and concrete grammar is:
(1) First Year: late March carries out the field planting of birchleaf pear rootstock to mid-April, the field planting line-spacing of birchleaf pear rootstock is 5m, and spacing in the rows is 4m, and heading height 1.8 ± 0.1m selects 2-3 major branch between trunk 1.5-1.8m; During field planting, trunk is inserted dry tying up of bamboo; The 5-6 month is executed urea water 2-3 time, every minor tick at least 10 days, each every tree 20～50g urea; Fertilizer In Autumn base manure;
(2) Second Year: continue to cultivate the selected major branch of First Year, remove competitive branch, the 5-6 month is executed urea water 2-3 time, every minor tick at least 10 days, each every tree 50-100g; Carry out bud grafting with scissors method to the first order side shoot autumn, and scion is cultivar, and the autumn applies base manure, wipes out other competitive branchs that trunk selects and remain winter and extend and increase thick competition branch to affecting major branch;
(3) the 3rd years: before setting body bud and sprout spring, to the second order master branch and major branch elongated shoot, adopt scissors method to carry out scion grafting, scion is cultivar, grafting is sprouted to branch and suitably draw branch, the 5-6 month is executed urea water 2-3 time, every minor tick at least 10 days, each every tree 100-150g urea; Apply base manure autumn, winter pruning, carries out middle cutting back to grafting twig, wipes out all branches except grafting, does not stay stake;
(4) the 4th years and later conventional pear tree frame management.
In the present invention, with scissors method, the first order side shoot being carried out to bud grafting described autumn refers to, at major branch, apart from center, do 30-40cm place, with scissors, at birchleaf pear rootstock the first order side shoot, cut a breach, 30 degree tilt, dark 1 ± 0.1cm, scion is the cultivar incubation simple bud of raw developmental branch then, remove blade, stay the petiole of long 0.3 ± 0.05cm, at the top 0.3 ± 0.05cm apart from bud, angle is that 20 degree are cut a kerf downwards, and then at the 0.5 ± 0.05cm place, bottom apart from bud, angle 45 degree are cut scion, finally bud cutting is entered in birchleaf pear rootstock clip, scion and birchleaf pear rootstock form layer one side docking and coincide, use again plastic foil tighten Bao Yan,
Describedly to the second order side shoot and major branch elongated shoot, adopt scissors method to carry out scion grafting to refer to, with scissors, cut flat birchleaf pear rootstock interface, in stock cross section 1/3 edge-perpendicular, cut the opening of dark 2 ± 0.1cm, scion is that cultivar rugosity is the annotinous branch of 0.6-1.0cm, on branch, there is full pair of bud, scion bud upper end is cut flat, bud 0.4 ± 0.05cm apart from topmost, descend most bud-end mouth from bud 2 ± 0.05cm, cut off from the top down lower end cross section 2/3 section, long 1.3 ± the 0.05cm of section, from opposite, cut again the long section of 0.8 ± 0.05cm, section is that one is long and the other is short, one of scion section length is faced the large one side of stock cross section, then insert in clip, scion and birchleaf pear rootstock form layer one side docking and coincide, use again plastic foil tighten Bao Yan.
In the present invention, carry out cultivar bud grafting with scissors method to the first order side shoot described autumn, and breach is in major branch side, and being directed upwardly of bud head; Describedly to major branch the second order side shoot and major branch elongated shoot, adopt scissors method to carry out scion grafting, first bud head direction is upward, second bud head and First Year grafting in autumn bud head opposite direction.
In the present invention, Fertilizer In Autumn base manure refers to that every tree executes the rapeseed cake 2kg becoming thoroughly decomposed or the farmyard manure 5kg becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step 1; Described in step 2, apply base manure and refer to that every tree executes the rapeseed cake 4kg becoming thoroughly decomposed or the farmyard manure 8kg becoming thoroughly decomposed autumn; Described in step 3, apply base manure and refer to that every tree executes the rapeseed cake 5kg becoming thoroughly decomposed or the farmyard manure 10kg becoming thoroughly decomposed autumn.
The invention has the advantages that: the tree-like skeleton branch of frame is all birchleaf pear rootstock, because birchleaf pear rootstock growth is fast, branch the first transaction of a day's business is good, diseases and insect pests resistance and strong drought resistance, in the management of frame pears, do not need to draw branch in early days, do not go and buy Chinese medicine and pour water, can be according to the direct standardization preparation grafting side shoot of existing frame tree structure and elongated shoot; Adopt scissors method to carry out bud grafting and scion grafting, its operating process is more simply more convenient, is easy to grasp; The treelet phase adopts the high-order location grafting of birchleaf pear rootstock frame pears RP technique; its trunk and major branch are all birch-leaf pear anvil; then on major branch, carry out canopy in cultivar grafting, its trunk rugosity, hat width, light intensity, photosynthesis are all significantly higher than conventional shaping frame pears technology; The present invention can save manpower, as manually drawn branch, tie up branch, the labor cost such as go and buy Chinese medicine, pour water, and save production cost material resources and time, and significantly reduce field pesticides usage amount.
Accompanying drawing explanation
fig. 1 isframe tree structure
1 is major branch prolongation twig; 2 is the second order side shoot bud; 3 is the first order side shoot bud: 4 is birchleaf pear rootstock major branch; 5 for doing at birchleaf pear rootstock center.
Embodiment
embodiment 1: birchleaf pear rootstock and grafting sapling up-growth amount and growing way comparison
(1) test is carried out in Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute gardening institute's resource garden, yellow soil, middle fertility.
Test is divided into experimental group and control group, and experimental group is birch-leaf pear treelet, and control group is respectively the emerald green hat of birch-leaf pear root seedlings picking abundance of water treelet, birch-leaf pear root seedlings picking treelet, birch-leaf pear root seedlings picking early summer green treelet and the beautiful hat of birch-leaf pear root seedlings picking treelet.
Each kind of experimental group and control group is respectively selected 20 strains, its trunk diameter rugosity 8 millimeter, and three open-center shape, heading height is 1.8m, seeding row spacing 4 m * 5 m; Trunk rugosity adopt slide measure trunk overhead 10cm measure at place.The trunk rugosity amount of growth that records experimental group and control group in 5 years, result is as shown in table 1.
Between table 1 different year, the kind such as birch-leaf pear is to the comparison of trunk rugosity amount of growth (unit: centimetre)
| The |
2 |
3 years | 4 years | 5 years |
| Birch-leaf pear | 2.56 a | 3.91 a | 4.78 a | 7.49 a |
| Birch-leaf pear-abundance of water | 1.13 c | 1.57 b | ?2.54 bc | ?4.36 bc |
| Birch-leaf pear-kingfisher hat | 1.25 b | 1.51 b | 2.67 b | 4.13 c |
| Birch-leaf pear-early summer is green | 1.18 c | 1.48 b | 2.45 c | 4.08 c |
| Birch-leaf pear-jade hat | 1.28 b | 1.64 b | 2.70 b | 4.64 b |
*
after same column form, mark different alphabetical persons and represent significant difference (P<0.05), lower same.
as shown in Table 1:it is high that the remarkable beguine of Seedling Stage birch-leaf pear trunk rugosity connects kind.According to formula:
Birch-leaf pear seedling rugosity raising amount=4 kind of a root connects product seedling trunk average boldness/birch-leaf pear seedling rugosity * 100%
Known, the birch-leaf pear seedling beguine of life in 2 years connects product seedling trunk rugosity and on average improves and reach 60% in 52%, the three year, the trend that tapers off subsequently, but still reached 42% by the 5th year.
(2) test is carried out in Jiangsu Province's academy of agricultural sciences horticulture institute's resource garden.Test is divided into experimental group and control group, and experimental group is birch-leaf pear seedling; Control group is respectively 5 years raw birch-leaf pear roots and connects abundance of water seedling, 5 years raw birch-leaf pear roots and connect that emerald green hat seedling, 5 years raw birch-leaf pear roots connect green seedling early summer, 5 years raw pears roots connect the beautiful seedling of being preced with.
To experimental group and control group side shoot spreading angle, adopt angle square to measure; Hat width adopts tape measure to measure; Canopy light transmittance adopts Zhejiang University to produce ZDR-14 type illuminometer, from trunk central point east, south, west, north, measures 4 points and averages for high 40 centimetres.
Measurement result is as shown in table 2.
The comparison of the kinds such as 5 years raw birch-leaf pears of table 2 to side shoot spreading angle hat width and light transmittance
As shown in Table 2: 5 years raw birch-leaf pear seedlings and root connect kind birch-leaf pear seedling under without any feelings of drawing branch open a business best,
According to formula: birch-leaf pear seedling angle increase=4 kind of a root connects product seedling side shoot spreading angle/birch-leaf pear seedling side shoot spreading angle * 100%;
Can calculate birch-leaf pear seedling spreading angle and on average increase 57% than 4 Grafted Varieties; And birch-leaf pear seedling hat width and canopy light transmittance are all significantly higher than root seedlings picking, therefore birch-leaf pear seedling is applicable to early stage frame pear tree shape pruning needs very much, can solve that early stage frame pears major branch spreading angle is little, main breed draws branch difficulty and the little difficult problem of seedling growth amount in early days.
Embodiment 2:
the cultivation of the high-order location grafting of birchleaf pear rootstock frame pears Quick-forming
Transplanted seedling tree
The excavation of field planting ditch and backfill: field planting ditch depth, wide 80cm left and right; During excavation, by subsoil and the native pile up separately of table, the soil of only filling in a form during backfill is without subsoil.The organic matters such as the corn stalk that paving 20cm left and right, bottom is thick or straw straw, then mix half table soil and fill out in the above, every mu of 5t left and right of farmyard manure consumption with farmyard manure.The table of backfill topmost soil.The degree of depth of backfill soil is plane 4-5cm above Ground, so that it is heavy real rear equal with ground to pour water.During practical operation, also can adopt the square planting pit of 0.8-1m to replace field planting ditch.
Field planting in spring: the spring is planted in carries out late March to mid-April.In the field planting ditch that digs also backfill, dig the ditch that 30-40cm is dark, the birch-leaf pear seedling that then immersion has been dipped in to mud is placed in hole again, and spread apart root system bankets over after root system, with have gentle hands, gently proposes seedling shake, then banket full to hole, and having peace of mind.After cultivation, pour water immediately, righting nursery stock.As arid in spring, after 1 week, pour water for the 2nd time, the soil moisture conservation of will loosening the soil when ground is half-dried.Also can after pouring water, cover grass or mulch film soil moisture conservation by tree dish.
Management after planting:
First Year: according to birchleaf pear rootstock seedling size, be to negate dry, while doing less than 1.8m as seedling, surely do not do, in the season of growth, treat that seedling grows to 1.8m pinching again, promote sprouting of lateral bud,
Field planting: birchleaf pear rootstock carries out field planting in late March to mid-April.The field planting line-spacing of birchleaf pear rootstock is 5m, and spacing in the rows is 4m, and heading height 1.8m selects 2-3 major branch 4 between the 1.5-1.8m of trunk 5, and trunk is inserted dry tying up of bamboo, prevents nursery stock lodging.The 5-6 month is executed urea water 2-3 time, every minor tick 10 days, each every tree 20～50g urea.Apply base manure autumn, base manure take that 2kg is executed in the every strain of rapeseed cake of becoming thoroughly decomposed or the every strain of farmyard manure 5kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed as main.The season of growth does not go and buy Chinese medicine, does not pour water; Do not prune winter yet.
Second Year: continue to cultivate birchleaf pear rootstock trunk, 2-3 major branch, removes competitive branch between 1.5-1.8m.The season of growth, every minor tick 10 days, set 50～100g urea for each every every executing urea water 2-3 time.Qiu Jie carries out the first order side shoot 3 cultivar scissors bud graftings, with scissors, at birchleaf pear rootstock side shoot, cut a breach, 30 degree tilt, dark about 1cm, scion is the incubation simple bud of cultivar, remove blade, stay the petiole of long 0.3cm left and right, at the about 0.3cm of the top of bud distance, angle is that 20 degree are cut a kerf downwards, and then in the bottom of bud 0.5cm distance, angle 45 degree are cut scion, finally bud cutting is entered in clip stock, scion and birchleaf pear rootstock form layer one side docking and coincide, then use plastic foil tighten Bao Yan; Graft position major branch apart from center dry 30-40cm place, interface is in major branch side, and being directed upwardly of scion bud head.Apply base manure autumn, base manure is the every strain of farmyard manure 8kg that the every strain of rapeseed cake of becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed 4kg or become thoroughly decomposed; The season of growth does not go and buy Chinese medicine, does not pour water; Wipe out other competitive branchs that trunk is selected and remain winter, wipe out simultaneously and extend and increase thick competition branch to affecting major branch.
The 3rd year: before setting body bud and sprout spring, adopt scissors method to carry out the second order side shoot 2 and the 1 preparation grafting of major branch elongated shoot, with scissors, cut flat birchleaf pear rootstock interface, in stock cross section 1/3 edge-perpendicular, cut the opening of dark about 2cm, scion is the annual incubation branch of cultivar, scion rugosity is 0.6-1.0cm, full pair of bud, scion bud upper end cuts flat, the about 0.4cm of bud apart from topmost, descend most bud-end mouth from the about 2cm of bud, cut off from the top down lower end cross section 2/3 section, section is about 1.3cm, from opposite, cut again the long section of about 0.8cm, section is that one is long and the other is short, one of scion section length is faced the large one side of stock cross section, then insert in clip, scion and birchleaf pear rootstock form layer one side docking and coincide, use again plastic foil tighten Bao Yan, graft position is apart from grafting in autumn bud 30-40cm, at growth quarterly inspection graft survival rate, grafting is sprouted to branch and suitably draw branch, prevent the dark recessed grafting mouth of grafting bandage.Growth season, every minor tick 10 days, set 100～150g urea for each every every executing urea water 2-3 time.Apply base manure autumn, base manure is 5 kilograms of the every strains of rapeseed cake of becoming thoroughly decomposed or 10 kilograms of every strains of farmyard manure of becoming thoroughly decomposed.Winter pruning, carries out middle cutting back to grafting twig, wipes out all branches except grafting, does not stay stake.
The 4th year and enter the management of normal frame pears later.Frame building method referring to " pears pergola system support body is built and pruning technique " (Yang Qingsong, Lin's warp are contained Baolong, Yan Zhimei, Li Xiaogang, Chang Youhong, southern china fruit tree, 2006,35(2): the 72-77) associated description in a literary composition.
Adopt a birch-leaf pear high position in embodiment 2 to locate grafting method in grafting frame pears RP technique scheme, test with producing conventional ' T ' shaped budding and scion grafting, cleft grafting grafting method, relatively the amount of growth of its survival rate, bud grafting time and annotinous branch.
Tested autumn in 2007 and spring in 2008 and carry out, stock is 3 years raw birch-leaf pears, and scion is emerald green hat, and experiment is divided into 4 groups,
1 group adopts scissors method in embodiment 2 to carry out bud grafting;
2 groups adopt scissors method in embodiment 2 to carry out scion grafting;
3 groups adopt tradition " T " bud grafting;
4 groups adopt scion grafting, cleft grafting grafting method;
40 buds of every group of each grafting.
Shield budding is also named in tradition " T " bud grafting, and its method is:
While getting bud, choose in scion, the full bud on top, above bud, 3-5cm place cross cut half-turn, reaches xylem deeply, then from the below 1cm of the bud cutter of upwards splaying, cuts to the horizontal edge of a knife of bud top, then pinches petiole and bud, horizontal one turns round, and takes off bud sheet.Stock overhead 5-6cm select at place smooth position, first horizontal partial application, width ratio is buddered slightly wide, deeply reaches xylem, then in the middle of the horizontal edge of a knife with the downward standardized vertical incision of bud grafting point of a knife, length and bud sheet adapt.The otch of two cuttves is in T shape.With point of a knife, pry open gently stock cortex, buddering of peeling inserted rapidly, the transverse incision of make to budder upper end and stock connects airtight, and remainder and stock are closely affixed, then with plastic strip tighten from top to bottom.
Scion grafting, cleft grafting grafting method are:
During grafting, first stock is cut off, scabbled, select more level and smooth one side, with grafting knife, in stock one side (xylem is slightly about the 1/5-1/4 of diameter on cross section), cut vertically downward dark about 2-3 centimetre.While cutting scion, in scion, to retain 2-3 complete full bud, by scion from apart from the nearest back side, bud position of lower cut, with grafting knife, to inscribe, reach xylem (not surpassing medulla), the downward parallel end that is cut to immediately, the long 2-3 centimetre of tangent plane, then in back side end, be whittled into the little inclined-plane of 0.8-1 centimetre.By the scion of cutting, long bevel is inserted people's stock otch inwards, makes both sides form layer aligning and connects airtight.Last tighten Bao Yan.Experimental result is as shown in table 3:
Table 3 scissors method and conventional production bud grafting comparative test
By table 3 result of the test, shown: adopt the bud grafting of scissors method grafting and scion grafting suitable with cleft grafting survival rate with traditional T shaped budding, but the grafting of employing scissors method approximately saves time, raise labour efficiency.
Embodiment 4:
the comparision of production of birch-leaf pear high-order location grafting frame pears RP technique and conventional shaping frame pears technology
Be divided into experimental group and control group, experimental group adopts the high-order location grafting of birch-leaf pear frame pears RP technique scheme in embodiment 2 to carry out the plantation of frame pears; Control group adopts conventional shaping frame pears technology, and its contrast is as shown in table 4:
Table 4 birch-leaf pear high-order location grafting frame pears RP technique and the comparison of conventional shaping frame pears technology
result is as shown in Table 4:adopt the high-order location grafting of birch-leaf pear frame pears RP technique, its field is simple to operate, leicht fallen D/A, and conventional shaping frame pears field pruning very complicated is compared remarkable labor cost (draw branch, tie up branch, the labour such as go and buy Chinese medicine, pour water) and the production cost (agricultural chemicals etc.) saved with conventional shaping frame pears technology.Birchleaf pear rootstock trunk is smooth, and without the longicorn harm of getting into the cave, early stage blade is also without pest damages such as aphid, chafers.
Embodiment 5
plant strain growth gesture, light intensity and the photosynthetic comparison of birchleaf pear rootstock high-order location grafting frame pears RP technique and conventional shaping frame pears technology
Be divided into experimental group and control group, experimental group is selected 6 years raw abundance of water pears plant that in embodiment 2, the high-order location grafting of birchleaf pear rootstock frame pears RP technique scheme is planted;
Control group is selected 6 years raw abundance of water pears plant of conventional shaping frame pears technology plantation; Described conventional shaping frame pears technology be pears pergola system support body build and pruning technique (Yang Qingsong, Lin's warp are contained Baolong, Yan Zhimei, Li Xiaogang, Chang Youhong,, southern china fruit tree, 2006,35(2): the method that 72-77) literary composition is recorded.
Trunk rugosity is measured with slide calliper rule at 10cm place liftoff; Canopy light intensity adopts Zhejiang University to produce ZDR-14 type illuminometer, from trunk central point east, south, west, north, measures 4 points and averages for high 40 centimetres; Photosynthetic mensuration is utilized the U.S. to produce the photosynthetic instrument of LI-6400 and is measured, and chooses 30 blades and measures, its Net Photosynthetic Rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), space between cells CO on each side shoot
2concentration (Ci) directly records by instrument.Experimental result is as shown in table 5.
Plant strain growth gesture, light intensity and the photosynthetic comparison of the table 5 high-order location grafting of raw birch-leaf pear in 6 years and conventional shaping frame pears technology
*
lowercase represents longitudinal significant difference.
result of the test is bright by table 5:adopt high-order location grafting frame pears RP technique, trunk rugosity, hat width, light intensity, photosynthesis are all significantly higher than conventional shaping frame pears technology.This is owing to adopting birchleaf pear rootstock graft technology, and tree body branch distributes and more rationally all claims, and the first transaction of a day's business is good.
Claims (4)
1. the cultivation method of a high-order location grafting frame pears Quick-forming, comprise field planting birchleaf pear rootstock, grafting, the management of pear tree frame, it is characterized in that, grafting opportunity is Second Year autumn and the 3rd year spring, wherein, Second Year adopts the bud grafting of scissors method autumn, and adopt the scion grafting of scissors method the 3rd year spring, and concrete grammar is:
(1) First Year: late March carries out the field planting of birchleaf pear rootstock to mid-April, the field planting line-spacing of birchleaf pear rootstock is 5m, and spacing in the rows is 4m, and heading height 1.8 ± 0.1m selects 2-3 major branch between trunk 1.5-1.8m; During field planting, trunk is inserted dry tying up of bamboo; The 5-6 month is executed urea water 2-3 time, every minor tick at least 10 days, each every tree 20～50g urea; Fertilizer In Autumn base manure;
(2) Second Year: continue to cultivate the selected major branch of First Year, remove competitive branch, the 5-6 month is executed urea water 2-3 time, every minor tick at least 10 days, each every tree 50-100g; Carry out bud grafting with scissors method to the first order side shoot autumn, and scion is cultivar, and the autumn applies base manure, wipes out other competitive branchs that trunk selects and remain winter and extend and increase thick competition branch to affecting major branch;
(3) the 3rd years: before setting body bud and sprout spring, to the second order master branch and major branch elongated shoot, adopt scissors method to carry out scion grafting, scion is cultivar, grafting is sprouted to branch and suitably draw branch, the 5-6 month is executed urea water 2-3 time, every minor tick at least 10 days, each every tree 100-150g urea; Apply base manure autumn, winter pruning, carries out middle cutting back to grafting twig, wipes out all branches except grafting, does not stay stake;
(4) the 4th years and later conventional pear tree frame management.
2. the cultivation method of high-order location grafting frame pears Quick-forming according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, with scissors method, the first order side shoot being carried out to bud grafting described autumn refers to, at major branch, apart from center, do 30-40cm place, with scissors, at birchleaf pear rootstock the first order side shoot, cut a breach, 30 degree tilt, dark 1 ± 0.1cm, scion is the cultivar incubation simple bud of raw developmental branch then, remove blade, stay the petiole of long 0.3 ± 0.05cm, at the top 0.3 ± 0.05cm apart from bud, angle is that 20 degree are cut a kerf downwards, and then at the 0.5 ± 0.05cm place, bottom apart from bud, angle 45 degree are cut scion, finally bud cutting is entered in birchleaf pear rootstock clip, scion and birchleaf pear rootstock form layer one side docking and coincide, use again plastic foil tighten Bao Yan,
Describedly to the second order side shoot and major branch elongated shoot, adopt scissors method to carry out scion grafting to refer to, with scissors, cut flat birchleaf pear rootstock interface, in stock cross section 1/3 edge-perpendicular, cut the opening of dark 2 ± 0.1cm, scion is that cultivar rugosity is the annotinous branch of 0.6-1.0cm, on branch, there is full pair of bud, scion bud upper end is cut flat, bud 0.4 ± 0.05cm apart from topmost, descend most bud-end mouth from bud 2 ± 0.05cm, cut off from the top down lower end cross section 2/3 section, long 1.3 ± the 0.05cm of section, from opposite, cut again the long section of 0.8 ± 0.05cm, section is that one is long and the other is short, one of scion section length is faced the large one side of stock cross section, then insert in clip, scion and birchleaf pear rootstock form layer one side docking and coincide, use again plastic foil tighten Bao Yan.
3. the cultivation method of high-order location grafting frame pears Quick-forming according to claim 2, is characterized in that, carry out cultivar bud grafting with scissors method to the first order side shoot described autumn, and breach is in major branch side, and being directed upwardly of bud head; Describedly to major branch the second order side shoot and major branch elongated shoot, adopt scissors method to carry out scion grafting, first bud head direction is upward, second bud head and First Year grafting in autumn bud head opposite direction.
4. according to the cultivation method of the arbitrary described high-order location grafting frame pears Quick-forming of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that,
Described in step 1, Fertilizer In Autumn base manure refers to that every tree executes the rapeseed cake 2kg becoming thoroughly decomposed or the farmyard manure 5kg becoming thoroughly decomposed;
Described in step 2, apply base manure and refer to that every tree executes the rapeseed cake 4kg becoming thoroughly decomposed or the farmyard manure 8kg becoming thoroughly decomposed autumn;
Described in step 3, apply base manure and refer to that every tree executes the rapeseed cake 5kg becoming thoroughly decomposed or the farmyard manure 10kg becoming thoroughly decomposed autumn.
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