CN104663348B - A kind of breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance Download PDFInfo
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- CN104663348B CN104663348B CN201510079343.6A CN201510079343A CN104663348B CN 104663348 B CN104663348 B CN 104663348B CN 201510079343 A CN201510079343 A CN 201510079343A CN 104663348 B CN104663348 B CN 104663348B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance, from Resistant rootstock, sowed with stock seed, pinching when stock grows to 50 120cm, to promote the generation of stock branch, after branch grows to suitable grafting rugosity, according to tree-like needs, the kind needed for grafting on 26 branches, pass through replanting again simultaneously, cut off main root, promote a large amount of generations and growth of fibrous root radicula, so as to cultivate with branch and the flourishing fruit tree seedlings of fibrous root, this seedlings not only take full advantage of the advantage of stock underground part resistance, it is also fully utilized by the advantage of stock overground part resistance, promote the lifting of the overall resistance of fruit tree, not only resistance strengthens after fruit nursery stock plant, and 23 years can result, fruit tree fruiting period is done sth. in advance significantly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance, this method is applied to cultivate big with paniculate fruit tree
Seedling, the stock speed of growth that is particularly suitable for use in is more than or close to the situation of Grafted Variety, is not suitable for the stock speed of growth and compares institute
The slow situation of Grafted Variety, such as various Nanking cherrys, strongly fragrant Lee's grafting peach, apricot, Apples Dwarf Stocks（M7、M9、MM106）Grafting apple
Deng.This method is particularly suitable for use in the dry trained fruit tree of non-stop layer.Fruit tree resistance is significantly improved after plant.The present embodiment is particularly suitable for
In for increasing drought resistance of fruit trees, salinity and alkalinity resistance, premunition increases quality, changes the florescence, the characteristic such as maturity period.
Background technology
At present, one of prominent and common problem is that fruit tree resistance is poor in cultivation of fruit tree.Cause cultivation of fruit tree into
This height, management are taken a lot of work, the bottleneck as Fruit Trees Development.It is to prevent ring spot disease from sending out in such as the northern area of China Apple Culture
It is raw, it usually needs spray chemical pesticide ten several times more than, western China is apple production optimum area, but is existed serious
Water shortage problem etc..Problems are too numerous to enumerate.Therefore improve fruit tree drought-resistant ability and seem especially prominent.Especially in adverse circumstance and evil
Serious area occurs for such as arid knob, waterlogged lowland area, varieties in saline-alkali areas, disease under the conditions of bad, is badly in need of improving fruit tree resistance.
Current solution is often difficult to because cost is too high.Fruit tree resistance, but fruit such as can be improved by breeding
Set breeding cycle often very long, generally require more than the more than ten years, and be difficult that yield height, quality better, resistance etc. is many excellent
Benign shape concentrates on a kind and embodied, if Fuji apple is the main cultivation apple variety of China, and yield is high, quality is excellent, resistance to storage
Fortune, but the disease such as easy infection ring spot, spot defoliation, premunition are poor.
Waterlogged lowland area, varieties in saline-alkali areas improved soil can solve flooded stain and saline and alkaline problem, but need for many years continue a large amount of throwings
Enter, effect is sometimes also undesirable.
Arid knob, which is built water conservancy projects, can solve Arid Problem, but huge because investing, and orchard worker is difficult to bear.Natural precipitation
Few, underground water lacks area and is more difficult to solve Arid Problem.
In order to solve the problems, such as fruit diseases, it is common practice that the use of agricultural chemicals is significantly increased, this not only increases cost, also band
Carry out food-safety problem.Still lack simple, solution conveniently, safely, cheap at present in a word.
Fruit-tree grafting is to solve one of effective way of resistance problem.Grafting be conventional fruit tree asexual reproduction method it
One, using the new plant of propagation by grafiting, can keep the merit of scion can utilize the good characteristic of stock again.General scion
Variety and quality is excellent, and yield is high, and genetic force is stable, and to be often people make use of its adaptive faculty wide to stock, and resistance is easily numerous
The features such as growing.Traditional engrafting method is that after stock growth, grafting scion variety at 5-10cm, fixed after scion sprouting from the ground
Do or directly use stock piece-root grafting.There is also following deficiency for this method：Although scion variety fruit quality is good, fruit is big, yield
Height, but general resistance is poor compared with stock, and such as disease resistance, winter resistance, Flood resistance, saline-alkali tolerance are not so good as stock, and adaptive faculty is poor.And
Traditional engrafting method does not give full play to and using stock resistance and other features again, cause in cultivation often because disease resistance is poor,
The reasons such as winter resistance is poor, Flood resistance is poor, not salt resistance alkali limit the yield and quality of fruit variety, therefore maximum limit of how trying one's best
Degree plays stock resistance feature, fruit tree is fully increased resistance after planting, reduces cost, improves yield and quality, expands fruit tree and plants
Growing area domain and scope, are urgent problems to be solved in production of fruit trees.
The content of the invention
The present invention solves the technical problem of provide a kind of breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance, the nursery stock cultivated
Trunk and branched base part are formed by stock development, and after replanting again, fibrous root is flourishing, nursery stock upper and lower part send out
Educate substantial, nursery stock is healthy and strong, resistance is further enhanced, survival rate after plant
Significantly improve, and effectively shorten the result time, resistance is remarkably reinforced, Early fertile capability is good, economic benefit
It is good.
To solve above technical problem, the present invention uses following technical scheme：A kind of breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance,
Characterized in that, the breeding method includes：From Resistant rootstock, rootstock seedling is cultivated in early spring sowing, treats that stock grows to 50-120cm
Dry-cure is determined in Shi Jinhang pinching, and 6- Benzyl base adenine pulvis is sprayed after pinching to promote the generation of stock branch, strengthens rich water
Management, imposes quick-acting fertilizer such as urea or ammonium nitrate based on nitrogenous fertilizer etc. 2-3 times, pours moisture, promotes every plant of stock to send out branch 5-15
Bar.After side shoot reaches grafting rugosity, according to required tree-like, select 2-6 branch of different azimuth to carry out bud and connect, budder away from trunk
5-10cm.Center need to be left and do tree-like nursery stock, the young sprout righting that grafting bud in top is sprouted, state of being kept upright.Second Year
After seedling from spring, cuts off main root, and carries out replanting again, with growth-promoting radicula, so as to cultivate the strong sprout with branch.Going out before garden will
Non- grafting branch is cut off from base portion.Only retain the branch of grafting.
Described stock seed need to carry out Stratificated treatment in advance, i.e., before freeze-up, by seed with three times with the wet of upper volume
Sand is fully mixed thoroughly, and humidity is advisable with holding not dissipate, and 0 ° -5 ° is kept in In Shade or freezer at least more than 30 to 100 days, such as
General 60 to 100 days of wild peach, mountain peach, apricot etc., apple rootstock is 30 days to more than 60 days as Mains micromalus, Pear rootstock such as birch-leaf pear
60 to 80 days, the processing time of different cultivars was different.
Sowed after spring break, also can after vernalization program request in nutritive cube or hole tray, the slow kind of the speed of growth such as apple,
The stocks such as pears can shift to an earlier date the nursery in Small plastic shed.
Described pinching is done surely should Bu Tong take different time-triggered protocols respectively with grafting according to kind.
For the faster kind of the stock speed of growth such as peach, apricot, Lee, pinching can be carried out in 5-7 months, according to required tree
Shape, is trimmed to stock, retains 30-80cm, and carry out pinching.Start to impose quick-acting fertilizer 2-3 times based on nitrogenous fertilizer after rudiment,
Moisture is poured, promotes every plant of stock hair branch 5-15 bar.
, typically should be after secondary transplanting for the kind that the stock speed of growth such as apple, pears, hawthorn is slower, i.e. spring next year
Carried out before Ji Mengya, according to required tree-like, trimming stock, retain 30-100cm, and done surely, start to impose nitrogen after rudiment
Quick-acting fertilizer based on fertilizer, pours moisture, promotes every plant of stock hair branch 5-15 bar.
Described grafting for the faster kind of the stock speed of growth such as peach, apricot, Lee, should in late August to early September,
According to required tree-like, select 2-6 branch of different azimuth to carry out bud and connect, budder away from trunk 5-10cm；
Center need to be left and do tree-like nursery stock, the good bud of trunk connects, and graft position 5-30cm above branch, grafting bud is sprouted
By young sprout righting after hair, state of being kept upright, other branch growth selections are gentle, with the big branch grafting of trunk angle, it is other
Non- grafting twig winter wipes out.Tightly wrapped immediately with plastic sheeting after connecing, prevent dehydration.Wait to budder after grafting and survive the modeling of parcel
Expect that film is released, winter-spring season is buddered after surviving wipes out stock branch at the top 2-3cm that budders, and makes to budder as branch
The stock rudiment of other non-graftings of the branch is erased after top bud, germination and growth of buddering, for buddering for not survived after connecing,
Benefit can be carried out in autumn then or Second Year spring to connect, i.e., bud connects again on former stock.
Described grafting for the slower kind of the stock speed of growth such as apple, pears, hawthorn, should in Second Year 5-6 months,
According to required tree-like, select 2-6 branch of different azimuth to carry out bud and connect, budder away from trunk 5-10cm；Center Gan Shu need to be left
The nursery stock of shape, the good bud of trunk connects, graft position 5-30cm above branch, and the young sprout righting that grafting bud is sprouted, and keeps
Erectility.Branch growth selection is gentle, with the big branch grafting of trunk angle, other non-graftings grow vigorous branch and wipe out,
The non-grafting of 3-5 bars can be retained and the gentle branch of growth is smoothed out with the fingers after branch pushes maintenance growth, bud germination and growth to be grafted to 20cm and wiped out.
Notice that growth period controls non-grafting young sprout to be unable to over growth, smooth out with the fingers a control in time when excessively prosperous or wipe out.
Tightly wrapped immediately with plastic sheeting after connecing, prevent dehydration.Wait to budder after grafting and survive the plastic sheeting releasing of parcel,
And wipe out stock branch at the top 2-3cm that budders.Make to budder as branch top bud.
For buddering for not survived after connecing, benefit can be carried out in month summer 6-7 and connect.
Described sowing and transplanting, after planting stays seedling quantity, every mu 6000-15000 plants for the first time.Per furrow 2-3 rows, furrow are wide
40-60cm, line-spacing 10-30cm, spacing in the rows 5-15cm.
Again after replanting, every mu of 1500-4000 plants of planting number, per furrow 2-3 rows, furrow wide 40-60cm, line-spacing 20-40cm,
Spacing in the rows 10-30cm.
At present, northern China fruit tree includes apple, pears, peach, apricot, cherry, Lee, hawthorn etc., and it is conventional tree-like including evacuation
Shape, spindle, happy shape, Y-shaped etc. are layered, happy shape, Y-shaped are dereliction dry type, and evacuation is layered shape, spindle etc. to have master
Dry type.It is that known to those skilled in the art, this programme can start culture in seedling stage by above-mentioned tree-like.
It is generally believed that fruit tree resistance is directly related with the age of tree.Resistance of Seedling is most weak after general germination, easily susceptible, fearness
Drought is afraid of flood, not impoverishment tolerant, it is necessary to which sufficient nutrition, in suitable soil natural environment and climate ability normal growth, 1 year seedling resistance is
Improve, two, tree body resistance gradually strengthens after 3 years.Therefore culture has branch seedlings, then by stock branch Grafted Variety, makes anvil
Wooden resistance is given full play to, and this combination measure significantly improves fruit tree resistance, and can bloom ahead of time, result.
The present invention uses above technical scheme, compared with prior art, has the following advantages that：
1. using causing that the resistance advantage of stock overground part is fully played by the way of stock branch grafting.Two
Secondary plant nursery, well developed root system, resistance are stronger, and combination measure is to the enhancing tool synergistic effect of fruit tree resistance, and effect is notable.
2. density is big after transplanting for the first time, density is small after replanting again, clips main root and promotes fibrous root development, makes absorbing surface
Product increase, further enhancing the resistance of fruit tree, while fibrous root also promotes the development of aerial part fruit tree, make to produce on the ground
More healthy and strong gentle fruit branches, reduce the prosperous branch of excessive growth, coordinate the growth of ground upper and lower part, development is enriched.
3. can be got bumper crops ahead of time after the seedlings field planting of band branch, do sth. in advance result 1-3 than conventional cultivation, improve early stage benefit,
In addition, concentrating nursery and early yield high equivalent to having saved land resource.
4. be stock with the nursery stock trunk and branched base part after this programme grafting survival, because stock have it is stronger degeneration-resistant
Property so that nursery stock can integrally show stronger disease-resistant, resistance, make the more healthy and stronger of seedling growth, while one can be reduced
The pest and disease damage easily occurred a bit in conventional grafting on trunk.Such as two apple variety Fuji apples, the newly reds that cultivated area is maximum
Magnitude Trunk canker, scurf occur seriously, tree body can be caused weak and fruit yield and quality is influenceed, as restriction China
The bottleneck of Apple development, annual orchard worker need to put into a large amount of manpower and materials, and trunk needs repeatedly to strike off, bactericide use ten times with
On.And present invention utilization is difficult susceptible blue or green anvil one, roundleaf Malus spectabilis, hupehensis Rehd, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple etc. and does stock, using in anvil
Wooden high level cadre, branch grafting, then the trunk generation without ring spot completely.Branches and leaves, fruit occurring degree are significantly reduced.Blue or green anvil one
Number, hupehensis Rehd premunition it is extremely strong, also have more resistance to powdery mildew, spot defoliation.Such as using Peach rootstock GF677,
GF43, GF1869 grafting Peach cultivars use this programme engrafting method, and drought resistance is greatly improved, watered 1-2 times every year after cultivation.
, can be without drawing after branch grafting 5. the first, biennial stock Branching Ratio wants the branch of Grafted Variety is more open and more flat to releive
Branch, spreading angle, time saving and energy saving, gentle branch is advantageously in result.
6. survival rate is high after plant, because stock resistance is stronger, generally performance more drought resisting, nursery stock root is produced with reference to this programme
System is flourishing, and branch enriches, and develops, and survival rate is high after cultivation, and especially Drought Mountain Area becomes apparent from.Such as embodiment 2, what stock was stayed gets over
Long, drought resistance is better.Especially according to the present invention in trunk 50cm, three branch's Relationship between Graft Effect are best.Pouring the premise of a water
Under, survival rate is still up to 98%, and only survives 58% from base portion 10cm graftings.
7. this programme is with low cost, effect is significantly, economical and practical.To increase the most simple approach of fruit tree resistance, than improvement
Soil, build water conservancy projects, spray scrape tree cost low tens even hundred times.
The present embodiment is particularly suitable for increasing drought resistance of fruit trees, and salinity and alkalinity resistance, premunition increases quality, changed
Become the florescence, the characteristic such as maturity period, in Drought Mountain Area, varieties in saline-alkali areas, disease seriously occur area cash it is more prominent.
For more specifically, trunk and branched base part are also resided in by stock development benefit：Conventional cultivation is generally transferred in base portion
Connect, the characteristics of only make use of stock underground part resistance, aerial part is underused.The technical program takes full advantage of stock
The epharmony of ground upper and lower part, and main root is cut off, promote fibrous root development.Because tree body upper and lower part be corresponding, underground fibrous root
Many, then tree body aerial part golden mean of the Confucian school branch, gentle branch, healthy and strong branch are more, and the branch of excessive growth, prosperous long shoot are few, therefore can enter one after replanting again
Step promotes radicula, so as to also promote the healthy and strong branch of overground part, the generation of gentle branch, branch spreading angle is big.
It is generally believed that fruit tree resistance is directly related with the age of tree.Resistance of Seedling is most weak after general germination, easily susceptible, fearness
Drought is afraid of flood, not impoverishment tolerant, it is necessary to which sufficient nutrition, in suitable soil natural environment and climate ability normal growth, 1 year seedling resistance is
Improve, two, tree body resistance gradually strengthens after 3 years.Therefore culture has branch seedlings, by stock branch Grafted Variety, makes stock
Resistance is given full play to, and can ahead of time bloom, result.
Experiment proves that peach is respectively ground above 10cm in height；30cm；50cm；Trunk 50cm pinching, branch is from master
Grafting at dry 10cm, counts survival rate, as a result survival rate is respectively 58%, 65% after totally four processing Second Year spring germinations,
76%, 98%.It can be seen that stock stay it is longer, drought resistance is better.Especially according to the present invention in trunk 50cm, three branch's Relationship between Graft Effect
It is best.On the premise of a water is poured, survival rate is still up to 98%, and only survives 58% from base portion 10cm graftings.
The nursery stock produced by the technical program, nursery stock is healthy and strong, and fibrous root is flourishing, and with branch and bud, resistance, seedling
After wood is planted, 2-3 high yields, benefit highly significant.Grafting wild apricot apricot is used in experiment, in the southern knob plant in Weifang, second
520 jin of annual bearing, the 3rd year 2500 jin, annual spring and autumn of watering was each once since the 4th year, and growth result is normal, drought resistance
It is good.
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
A kind of embodiment 1, breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance is specific as follows：
The implementation time：- 2012 years 2008
Enforcement place：Fruit trees flower plants research institute of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Weifang City proving ground
Test material：Stock：Peach qing zhou, scion：' Xia Dan '
Test method step：
Peach qing zhou seed Jing Guo lamination is carried out seeding and seedling raising by March, 2008.Seeding row spacing 10cm × 30cm, per furrow four
OK, furrow spacing 60cm.
Mid-July, when stock grows to 70cm, cut, retain 50cm and carry out pinching processing, promote stock to sprout
A plurality of side shoot.
Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 10 jin of urea every time, and 5 jin of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) three times, is watered 6 times totally.Germination starts after 30 days, often
Every fertilising in 30 days or so once, watered immediately after fertilising, water every minor tick 15-20 days or so, it is wet to cross soil layer 30cm.Under
Except rainy day.
On August 28th, 2008, branch slightly reaches more than 0.3cm, and separate index number is chosen the close stock of growing way and entered up to more than 5
Row grafting, every plant of stock selects the shallower branch of different azimuth 3 to carry out bud and connect, and by happy shape requirement, budders away from trunk 8cm.
Whether inspection is buddered all takes over a job, and that does not take over a job connects in the progress of autumn then benefit, mends socket part position in last time grafting portion
Near position.
In March, 2009 lifting, the top stock part that will budder is wiped out, and cuts off main root, carry out it is secondary transplant, seeding row spacing becomes
For 30cm × 50cm, autumn grows 3 branches, and fibrous root is flourishing.
Result of the test：With ' Xia Dan ' after grafting of the present invention, the southern knob in Weifang is planted in, flood is poured after cultivation,
Rewatered after first quarter moon once, set disk covering with plastic film, then survival rate 100%, 25 jin of Second Year per plant, the 3rd year statistics master
Dry no disease is produced, and strong drought resistance only needs spring to water once every year.It is same with ' Xia Dan ' after conventional method grafting
Method is transplanted, and survival rate 84.5%, the non-result of Second Year, the 3rd year 6 jin of per plant, need to water 2-3 times every year then, ability
Normal growth result, according to statistics the 3rd year bleeding disease morbidity strain number account for 16%.Since Second Year, water every year once（Spring）
Can normal growth result, blade is without wilting phenomenon, and control need to water 2-3 times since Second Year, and otherwise blade is in fine day
Wilting occurs in noon.Certainly this is that, in normal fertilizer effects, precipitation time on the low side or June to August part continue not having for more than 15 days
There is effective precipitation, increase irrigation times.
Embodiment 2, grafting height influences on peach planting survival rate
According to the method culture peach seedling described in embodiment 1, point four height, with peach qing zhou grafting ' Xia Dan ', height
Respectively ground above 10cm；30cm；50cm；Trunk 50cm pinching, branch reaches respectively from four processing rugosity at trunk 10cm
Grafting ' Xia Dan ' is distinguished after 0.2cm, each 30 plants, autumn lifting is heeled in, and selects rugosity good respectively, 20 plants of well developed root system peach seedling, next year
It is planted in this institute Experimental Base March 20 spring, soil property is sandy loam, and level land, fertility preferably, digs width 40cm, and deep 40cm ditches are planted
Fill flood immediately afterwards, line-spacing 100cm, spacing in the rows 50cm set disk cover mulch film, then do not rewater, do not apply fertilizer after 3 days, the Second Year spring
Survival rate is counted after Ji Faya, as a result such as following table：
| Ground above grafting height（cm） | 10cm | 30cm | 50cm | Trunk 50cm, three branch's graftings |
| Survival rate（%） | 58 | 65 | 76 | 98 |
It can be seen that stock stay it is longer, drought resistance is better.Especially according to the present invention in trunk 50cm, three branch's Relationship between Graft Effect
It is best.On the premise of a water is poured, survival rate is still up to 98%, and only survives 58% from base portion 10cm graftings.
A kind of embodiment 3, breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance is specific as follows：
The implementation time：- 2014 years 2010
Enforcement place：Fruit trees flower plants research institute of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Weifang City proving ground
Test material：Stock：Lee little Huang, scion：' black onyx '
Test method step：
Stock seed Jing Guo lamination is carried out seeding and seedling raising by March, 2010.Seeding row spacing 10cm × 15cm.
When stock grows to 80cm, cut, retain 60cm and carry out pinching processing, promote stock to sprout a plurality of side
Branch.
Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 10 jin of urea every time, and 5 jin of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) three times, is watered 6 times totally.Germination starts after 30 days, often
Every fertilising in 30 days or so once, watered immediately after fertilising, water every minor tick 15-20 days or so, it is wet to cross land for building.Rainy day
Except.
On June 25th, 2010, choose the close stock of growing way and carry out grafting, every plant of stock selects 4 branches of different azimuth
Carry out bud to connect, budder away from trunk 8-10cm.
Whether inspection is buddered all takes over a job, and that does not take over a job carries out benefit in July next year and connect.
The young sprout righting that grafting bud in top is sprouted, state of being kept upright makes it develop into center and done.
In March, 2011 lifting, the top stock that will budder is wiped out, and cuts off main root, carry out it is secondary transplant, seeding row spacing is changed into
25cm × 40cm, after sprouting of buddering, removes other stock rudiments, autumn nursery stock reaches garden standard, and nursery stock has 4 branches and palpus
Root is flourishing, thick more than the 2.5cm of seedling.
Result of the test：With the plum of grafting of the present invention in the 3rd annual production up to 2400 jin, and trunk does not have disease generation.
Just result is started within the 3rd year with the cherry of conventional method grafting.
A kind of embodiment 4, breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance is specific as follows：
The implementation time：- 2014 years 2010
Enforcement place：Anqiu City mountain area
Test material：Stock：Ansu apricot, scion：' the golden sun '
Test method step：
Stock seed Jing Guo lamination is carried out seeding and seedling raising by March, 2010 in Anqiu City mountain area.Seeding row spacing 10cm ×
15cm。
When stock grows to 70cm, cut, retain 50cm and carry out pinching processing, promote stock to sprout a plurality of side
Branch.
Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 10 jin of urea every time, 5 jin of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), totally three times,.Germination started after 30 days, every 30 days
Left and right is applied fertilizer once, is watered immediately after fertilising, wet to cross land for building.Except rainy day.Late October carries out once big fill.
On September 10th, 2010, chooses the close stock of growing way and carries out grafting, every plant of stock selects 3 branches of different azimuth
Carry out bud to connect, budder away from trunk 8cm.
Whether inspection is buddered all is taken over a job, and the progress in the fall do not taken over a job is mended and connect.
In March, 2011 lifting, the top stock part that will budder is wiped out, and cuts off main root, carry out it is secondary transplant, seeding row spacing becomes
For 25cm × 40cm, after sprouting of buddering, remove other stock rudiments, autumn nursery stock reaches garden standard, nursery stock have 4 branches and
Fibrous root is flourishing, thick more than the 2.0cm of seedling.
Result of the test：With 1500 jin of the 2nd annual bearing amount of apricot after grafting of the present invention, the 3rd annual bearing amount is up to 3200 jin, and master
Dry no disease is produced, strong drought resistance, it is only necessary to water once, can normal growth result, and compare using same method plant,
Management, but need to water 2-3 times, ability normal growth result has just started result on the 3rd year with the apricot of conventional method grafting.
A kind of embodiment 5, breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance is specific as follows：
The implementation time：- 2014 years 2008
Enforcement place：Fruit trees flower plants research institute of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Weifang City proving ground
Test material：Stock：' hupehensis Rehd ', scion：' Fuji '
Test method step：
Program request after the stock presprouting of seeds by lamination is selected into resistance anvil in nutritive cube or hole tray in by the end of February, 2008
Wood, takes Small plastic shed nursery.Break the 4-5 months its main root, is transplanted to big Tanaka, seeding row spacing 10cm × 15cm.Per the row of furrow 3, furrow are wide
100cm, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm.
Germination starts after 30 days, and every fertilising in 30 days or so once, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 5 jin of urea, phosphorus every time for the first time
Sour 5 jin of two ammonium, waters immediately after fertilising, the two or three time every mu spread fertilizer over the fields 15 jin of urea every time, 5 jin of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is poured after ground is dry
Water is wet to cross 30cm.Except rainy day.
Autumn stock has grown to more than 100cm.
In March, 2010 lifting, the top stock part that will budder is wiped out, and cuts off main root, carries out secondary transplant
Transplanted seedling tree：Planting density is according to every mu（667m2）2500 plants or so of plant, line-spacing 0.8m, spacing in the rows 0.3m.Lifting
The methyl α-naphthyl acetate soluble powder 30ppm root dippings of nursery stock 20% are handled 12 hours before plantation, are transplanted immediately after processing.Retain 80cm after cultivation
And progress is determined dry finishing and cut, Second Year stock is promoted to sprout a plurality of side shoot.
On May 20th, 2008, stock carries out grafting, and every plant of stock selects 3 branches of different azimuth to carry out buds and connect, budder away from
Trunk 8cm, the good bud of trunk connects, grafting part 8cm above the topmost branch of grafting bud.
Whether inspection is buddered all is taken over a job, and the progress in the fall do not taken over a job is mended and connect.
The young sprout righting that grafting bud in top is sprouted, state of being kept upright makes it develop into center and done.
Autumn nursery stock reaches garden standard, and nursery stock has 4 branches and fibrous root is flourishing, thick more than the 2.0cm of seedling.
Result of the test：With ' Fuji ' the 3rd year its result quantities of grafting of the present invention up to 1800 jin, and trunk is without ring spot etc.
Disease occurs.Limb disease index is lighter, is 33.5%, the incidence of disease 34.2%, with ' Fuji ' the 3rd year of conventional method grafting just
Start result, 85% plant has ring spot generation according to statistics, need to strike off in time, limb disease index weight, is 89.5%, the incidence of disease
93.2%。
The method of investigation statisticses limb field incidence uses the universal standard, per 20 branches of Varietal Investigation, severity Scaling
Standard：0 grade refers to side shoot disease-free spot；1 grade refers to and has fragmentary scab, and collateral generation is had no significant effect；2 grades refer on side shoot have many places disease
Spot, lesion area integrates the half no more than morbidity section area；3 grades refer on side shoot and have many places scab, and lesion area, which is integrated, to be exceeded
The half of morbidity section area；4 grades refer to side shoot and spread all over scab, and collateral generation gesture is very weak.Disease index and morbidity are calculated accordingly
Rate.The incidence of disease（%）Total branch number × 100 of=disease index/investigation, disease index=Σ（Sick level index × this grade of typical value）/ investigation
Total branch number × highest morbidity level typical value.
Fruit shape includes the dry such as spindle in center, dredges layer shape, globular model, non-stop layer it is dry as many major branch shapes,
Happy shape, V-arrangement etc., the engrafting method that this programme is referred to is that bud connects, and is preferred scheme, but is not limited to budding method, is such as split
Connect, cut side grafting, cortex grafting etc..
One or more of following situations situation belongs to protection category of the present invention.First, nursery plot edaphic condition is poor, or has spy
Do not need, nursery stage can postpone 1 year in nursery.2nd, seed is directly sowed in nursery crop field, or with hole tray, nutritive cube and arch
Canopy nursery etc..3rd, stock fast growth（Such as peach）With it is slow（Such as apple）Two kinds of measures are simply because of growth speed
Degree is different, causes grafting time different, goes out garden time difference, the two has no the difference in method.Different speed of growth seeds
Interchangeable application, stands good, but should be noted that grafting rugosity will reach requirement.It is such a to change with reference to this specification, general fruit tree
Cultivation technique personnel may operate.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of breeding method for improving fruit tree resistance, it is characterised in that the breeding method includes：From Resistant rootstock, early spring
Rootstock seedling is cultivated in sowing, and stock carries out spraying 6- Benzyl base adenine pulvis after pinching, pinching promoting anvil when growing to 50-120cm
The generation of wooden branch, strengthens rich water quality management, imposes quick-acting fertilizer 2-3 time based on nitrogenous fertilizer, pours moisture, promotes every plant of stock to send out branch
5-15 bars, after branch rugosity reaches more than 0.3cm, kind needed for grafting；
Second Year spring lifting, cuts off main root, and carries out replanting, to promote it to produce more radiculas, cultivates with branch
Strong sprout；
Described grafting, should be in late August to early September, according to institute for peach, apricot, the faster kind of Lee's stock speed of growth
What is needed is tree-like, selects 2-6 branch of different azimuth to carry out bud and connects, budders away from trunk 5-10cm；
Center need to be left and do tree-like nursery stock, the good bud of trunk connects, graft position 5-30cm above branch, after grafting bud is sprouted
By young sprout righting, state of being kept upright, other branch growth selections are gentle, with the big branch grafting of trunk angle, it is other not transfer
Grafting bar winter wipes out；
The kind of 8-9 autumn, grafting month is buddered and survived 10-20 days after grafting in spring next year, the kind of Growing season grafting
Afterwards, stock branch is cut at the top 2-3cm that budders, makes to budder as branch top bud, the branch after germination and growth of buddering
The stock rudiment of other non-graftings is erased, and has center form to keep trunk graft bud vertical growth, tree-like needed for culture；
For peach, apricot, Japanese plum kind, if thering is what is do not survived to budder after grafting, carry out benefit in autumn then or Second Year spring and connect；
After planting stay seedling quantity for the first time, every mu 6000-15000 plant, every furrow 2-3 rows, furrow wide 40-60cm, line-spacing 10-30cm,
Spacing in the rows 5-15cm；
After secondary transplanting, every mu of 1500-4000 plants of planting number, per furrow 2-3 rows, furrow wide 40-60cm, line-spacing 20-40cm, spacing in the rows
10-30cm；
Pinching processing, should 5-7 months enter then after planting for peach, apricot, the faster seeds of Lee's stock speed of growth
OK, when stock grows into 50-120cm, according to required tree-like carry out pinching, 30-80cm is retained.
2. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that need to be in spring next year lifting during secondary plant, and cut off
Main root, retains lateral root and radicula, before secondary plant, nursery stock is handled with 20% methyl α-naphthyl acetate soluble powder 10-50ppm root dippings.
3. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the 6-benzyladenine pulvis that sprays refers to germination
When 6-benzyladenine pulvis 1-2 times of content 99% is sprayed by 30-150ppm, promote branch, spray interval 5-12 days.
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