CN113207524A - Pruning method and planting method for birch-leaf pear seedlings - Google Patents
Pruning method and planting method for birch-leaf pear seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207524A CN113207524A CN202110342859.0A CN202110342859A CN113207524A CN 113207524 A CN113207524 A CN 113207524A CN 202110342859 A CN202110342859 A CN 202110342859A CN 113207524 A CN113207524 A CN 113207524A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a method for pruning and planting birch-leaf pear seedlings. The birch is a commonly used stock for cultivating birch, and the birch is high in growth speed and low in growth speed due to vigorous growth potential of lateral branches in the growth process of birch seedlings, and is easily covered by weeds. The existing planting method of the Chinese gooseberry generally adopts a mode of pruning lateral branches and binding bamboo poles to strengthen the high growth of the Chinese gooseberry; but the pruning mode also influences the overall height of the nursery stock and has larger workload. The invention provides a pruning method of birch-leaf pear seedlings, which adopts a branch folding method, after branches grow out, one stout branch growing upwards is reserved as a main trunk, the rest branches are broken, and after seedlings grow higher than weeds, only branches in side branches, which are as thick as or thicker than the main trunk, are broken. The pruning method provided by the invention keeps the total biological amount of nutrition in the nursery stock, has high trunk growth speed and lower maintenance workload, and is a birch pear pruning method with wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nursery stock planting, and particularly relates to a method for pruning Chinese pear seedlings and a planting method for improving the survival rate of the Chinese pear seedlings.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Du pear (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge) Rosaceae, Pyrus deciduous tree, produced in Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, etc. The altitude of the plain or the mountain slope at the sun is 50-1800 m. The birch-leaf pear tree is drought-resistant, cold-resistant and cool, is usually used as a stock for cultivating various kinds of pears, and has the advantages of early fruiting period and long service life. The wood is compact and can be used as various utensils. The bark contains tannin, and can be used for extracting tannin extract and adding into medicine.
The lateral branches of the birch pear seedlings grow vigorously, grow slowly at high height and easily form a plurality of trunks. Particularly, after the trunk is cut off in the transplanting and planting process, the top end has weak superiority and more lateral branches, so that the side branches are easily covered by weeds, the management cost is increased, and the survival rate is reduced. The high growth of the birch pear seedlings is improved in the seedling stage, and the method is very important for improving the survival rate of afforestation. The existing measures include that high growth amount is increased by pruning side branches and binding bamboo poles, operation procedures are multiple, and cost is high; only the method of pruning the lateral branches is adopted, the integral growth amount of the nursery stock is influenced, and the workload of bud picking and the like is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the research background, the invention provides a method for pruning birch pear seedlings, aiming at the condition that lateral branches grow vigorously, the invention provides a branch folding method for pruning birch pear seedlings, and the method is mainly used for folding the lateral branches in the birch pear growing process, and has the advantages of simple operation and obvious effect. During the process of promoting the dry shape development of the birch pear nursery stock, the apical dominance is quickly formed, and the high growth is accelerated. The branch folding method only changes the distribution of nutrients of the birch-leaf pear, so that the nutrients are mainly supplied to the trunk, and the broken branches are still preserved to continuously create nutrient substances.
Based on the technical effects, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for pruning a seedling of pyrus betulaefolia, the pruning method being applied to a seedling of pyrus betulaefolia after transplantation in a field, the pruning method comprising the steps of: stumping the transplanted plantlets, reserving a thick and strong branch growing upwards as a trunk after the branch grows out, breaking the rest branches, and only breaking the branches with the trunk and the like or thicker branches in the side branches after the nursery stock grows to a certain height.
The lateral branches of the birch pear seedlings grow vigorously, grow slowly at high height and easily form a plurality of trunks. Particularly, after the trunk is cut off in the transplanting and planting process, the top end has low superiority and more side branches, so that the side branches are easily covered by weeds, and the survival rate is reduced if the management is not timely. The method is very important for reducing management cost such as weeding and the like, improving the survival rate of afforestation and improving the high growth of the birch pear nursery stock in the early stage of afforestation. The pruning method provided by the invention does not influence the total biological quantity in the plant body, the broken branches can still be metabolized to generate nutrient substances and are transported to the main trunk through the phloem, the nutrient substances in the growth stage of the pyrus betulaefolia seedlings are effectively redistributed, the top end advantage is improved, the plant height is improved, and the survival rate of the seedling stage can also be effectively improved.
In a second aspect of the invention, a planting method for improving survival rate of birch-leaf pear seedlings is provided, and the planting method comprises the pruning method of birch-leaf pear seedlings in the first aspect.
The beneficial effects of one or more technical schemes are as follows:
by adopting the pruning method, the high growth speed of the birch pear seedlings is high, the seedlings with the ground diameter of 8mm can quickly form a main trunk after sprouting in 3 months after stumping, the seedlings grow to about 1.1 m in 4 months, and the normal growth of the seedlings can be ensured only by simply treating high weeds around the seedlings in a vigorous growing season. Compared with the existing birch pear seedling planting process, the method does not need to adopt the modes of frequently bud picking, bamboo pole binding and the like, and the method obviously reduces the labor cost.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a seedling of Pyrus betulaefolia planted according to the seedling trimming method described in example 1.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As introduced in the background art, in the prior art, the lateral branches of the birch pear seedlings grow vigorously and slowly, and are easily covered by weeds in the growing process to increase the management cost.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for pruning a seedling of pyrus betulaefolia, the pruning method being applied to a seedling of pyrus betulaefolia after transplantation in a field, the pruning method comprising the steps of: stumping the transplanted plantlets, reserving a thick and strong branch growing upwards as a trunk after the branch grows out, breaking the rest branches, and only breaking the branches with the trunk and the like or thicker branches in the side branches after the nursery stock grows to a certain height.
Preferably, the birch pear seedlings are 1-2 year old seedlings; furthermore, the birch pear plantlet is an annual plantlet.
Furthermore, stumping is carried out after the birch pear plantlets are transplanted into the field, and the parts above the rootstock parts of the plantlets are removed.
Furthermore, when the small seedlings are used for stumping, trimming is carried out at a position 1.5-2.5 cm close to the ground. In a specific embodiment, the trimming is performed from 2 cm.
Preferably, after the branches grow out and the height of the nursery stock reaches 15-25 cm, a trunk is selected.
Preferably, the branches are broken in a continuous manner.
Preferably, the shoot break point is located at a position from one third to one half of the length of a shoot (as calculated from the top of the shoot).
Further, the branches are broken in the following specific manner: and (3) bending the position of one third to one half (calculated from the top end of the branch) of the length of the branch to bend the branch without breaking, and forming short branches downwards after bending.
In a specific embodiment, the bending point is a position of half of the length of the branch (calculated from the top end of the branch).
Preferably, after the nursery stock grows to be higher than 1-1.2 meters, only the branches with the same thickness or thicker than the trunk in the lateral branches are broken.
The seedlings transplanted by the branch folding method grow quickly, when the growth height of the seedlings exceeds that of weeds, all lateral branches can not be broken, and only the thicker branches are selected to be broken. According to the research experience of the method, when the growth height of the birch pear seedlings reaches 1-1.2 m, the growth vigor of the birch pear seedlings can completely suppress nutrition competitors such as weeds in the field.
In a second aspect of the invention, a planting method for improving survival rate of birch-leaf pear seedlings is provided, and the planting method comprises the pruning method of birch-leaf pear seedlings in the first aspect.
Preferably, in the planting method, the plant-row spacing of the planted birch pear seedlings is 1.8-2.2 m multiplied by 3.8-4.2 m. In the planting method, soil preparation is combined before planting, enough base fertilizer is applied, and soil moisture is supplemented in time according to soil moisture content.
Preferably, the planting method further comprises fertilization, and the fertilization mode is as follows: applying nitrogen fertilizer for 1-3 times from 8 last ten days to 9 months bottom, wherein the fertilizing amount is 450-550 kg.hm-2The fertilizer is applied in the middle ten days of October in an amount of 450-550 kg.hm-2。
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
(1) Selecting 1 year old small birch pear seedlings with good growth vigor, transplanting the small birch pear seedlings into a field after forestation in spring of 3 months, and removing branches and leaves which are attached to the ground and have the height of more than 2cm after the cultivation to prevent the seedlings from being drained.
(2) After the birch pear plantlets sprout, a plurality of tender buds appear, and at the moment, bud picking is not carried out until branches grow out; when the branches grow and the height of the plantlets reaches 20cm, one upward-growing thick branch is reserved as a trunk, and the rest branches are bent downwards from the position with the length of about 1/2 degrees. The branches are broken continuously by adopting a breaking mode, and the branches are still connected with the bark part after being bent, so that the broken short branches naturally droop.
(3) After the growth height of the birch pear plantlets reaches more than 1 meter and is obviously higher than the height of weeds in a field, all lateral branches outside the trunk are not bent any more, and only branches as thick as or thicker than the trunk are bent.
FIG. 1 shows a seedling of Pyrus betulaefolia grown by the method of example 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the broken shoot is still growing, but with the shoot pointing downwards, the growth is delayed and does not hinder the creation of a nutrient supply trunk. The high growth is slow compared to the main trunk, because the nutrient flow is changed after the branch breaking, and the existence of the apical dominance makes the nutrient preferentially supplied to the main trunk.
Example 2
(1) Selecting 1 year old small birch pear seedlings with good growth vigor, transplanting the small birch pear seedlings into a field after forestation in spring of 3 months, and removing branches and leaves which are attached to the ground and have the height of more than 2cm after the cultivation to prevent the seedlings from being drained.
(2) After the birch pear plantlets sprout, a plurality of tender buds appear, and at the moment, bud picking is not carried out until branches grow out; when the branches grow and the height of the plantlets reaches 15cm, one upward-growing thick branch is reserved as a trunk, and the rest branches are bent downwards from the position with the length of about 1/3 degrees. The branches are broken continuously by adopting a breaking mode, and the branches are still connected with the bark part after being bent, so that the broken short branches naturally droop.
(3) When the growth height of the birch pear plantlets reaches more than 1.0 m, the lateral branches outside the trunk are not bent completely, and only the branches as thick as or thicker than the trunk are broken.
Example 3
(1) Selecting 1 year old small birch pear seedlings with good growth vigor, transplanting the small birch pear seedlings into a field after forestation in spring of 3 months, and removing branches and leaves which are attached to the ground and have the height of more than 2cm after the cultivation to prevent the seedlings from being drained.
(2) After the birch pear plantlets sprout, a plurality of tender buds appear, and at the moment, bud picking is not carried out until branches grow out; when the branches grow and the height of the plantlets reaches 25cm, one upward-growing thick branch is reserved as a trunk, and the rest branches are bent downwards from the position with the length of about 1/2 degrees. The branches are broken continuously by adopting a breaking mode, and the branches are still connected with the bark part after being bent, so that the broken short branches naturally droop.
(3) After the growth height of the birch pear plantlets reaches more than 1 meter and is obviously higher than the height of weeds in a field, all lateral branches outside the trunk are not bent any more, and only branches as thick as or thicker than the trunk are bent.
Example 4
In this embodiment, a planting method for improving survival rate of a seedling of pyrus betulaefolia is provided, and the planting method includes the pruning method of the seedling of pyrus betulaefolia as described in embodiment 1. In addition, the planting method further comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation is combined before planting, enough base fertilizer is applied, and soil moisture is supplemented in time according to soil moisture content. The plant-row spacing of the birch pear plantlets is 2.0m multiplied by 4.0 m.
(2) The fertilizing mode of the birch pear seedlings is as follows: applying urea for 2 times from last ten days of 8 months to the end of 9 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 500kg hm-2The compound fertilizer is used in the middle ten days of October, and the fertilizing amount is 500kg hm-2。
Comparative example 1
In this example, as a control, the birch pear seedlings with similar height and growth vigor in example 1 were selected and transplanted into a field, and the seedlings were not trimmed during their growth. The planting result shows that the birch pear plantlet planted by the method of the embodiment can form a plurality of branches, is aligned with each other and grows slowly; the crops are covered by weeds in the season of vigorous growth, and the survival rate is reduced.
Comparative example 2
In the embodiment, a method for pruning a birch pear plantlet in the prior art is provided:
(1) selecting 1 year old small birch pear seedlings with good growth vigor, transplanting the small birch pear seedlings into a field after forestation in spring of 3 months, and removing branches and leaves which are attached to the ground and have the height of more than 2cm after the cultivation to prevent the seedlings from being drained.
(2) After the birch pear plantlets sprout, a plurality of tender buds appear, one tender bud is reserved as a main stem, and the rest tender buds are timely wiped. The method can ensure high growth, but can cause nutrient loss of the nursery stock, the nursery stock is not vigorous in growth, the later growth is influenced, and the labor cost is increased by bud picking.
The growth conditions of the birch seedlings in comparative examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 2 are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for pruning seedlings of pyrus betulaefolia is characterized in that the pruning method is applied to the seedlings of the pyrus betulaefolia after the transplantation of a field, and comprises the following steps: stumping the transplanted plantlets, reserving a thick and strong branch growing upwards as a trunk after the branch grows out, breaking the rest branches, and only breaking the branches with the trunk and the like or thicker branches in the side branches after the nursery stock grows to a certain height.
2. The method for pruning seedling of pyrus betulaefolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyrus betulaefolia seedling is a 1-2 year old seedling; preferably, the birch pear plantlet is a 1-year-old plantlet.
3. The method for pruning seedling of pyrus betulaefolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stumping is performed after transplanting the young pyrus betulaefolia seedlings into the field, and the part above the root and stem of the young pyrus betulaefolia seedlings is removed; preferably, when the small seedlings are stumped, the small seedlings are trimmed at a position 1.5-2.5 cm close to the ground.
4. The method for pruning birch pear seedlings according to claim 1, wherein a trunk is selected after the branches grow and the height of the seedlings reaches 15-25 cm.
5. The method for pruning seedling of pyrus betulaefolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shoot breakage is in a discontinuous manner.
6. The method for pruning a seedling of pyrus betulaefolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the branch-breaking point is located at a position from one third to one half of the length of the branch.
7. A method for pruning young birch plants according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the branches are broken in the following manner: bending the position of one third to one half of the length of the branch to bend the branch without breaking, and forming a short branch downwards after bending; furthermore, the bending point is a position of half of the length of the branch.
8. The method for pruning the birch pear seedlings according to claim 1, wherein only branches with the same thickness as the trunk or thicker branches in the lateral branches are broken after the seedlings grow to be higher than 1-1.2 m.
9. The method for pruning the birch pear seedlings according to claim 1, wherein only branches with the thickness equal to or larger than the trunk in the lateral branches are broken after the seedlings grow to be higher than 1-1.2 m and the height exceeds the growth height of weeds in the field.
10. A planting method for improving survival rate of birch-leaf pear seedlings, which is characterized by comprising the step of pruning the birch-leaf pear seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 9;
preferably, in the planting method, the plant-row spacing of the planted birch pear seedlings is 1.8-2.2 m multiplied by 3.8-4.2 m; or, in the planting method, the method further comprises fertilization, wherein the fertilization mode is as follows: applying nitrogen fertilizer for 1-3 times from 8 last ten days to 9 months bottom, wherein the fertilizing amount is 450-550 kg.hm-2The fertilizer is applied in the middle ten days of October in an amount of 450-550 kg.hm-2。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113853967A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-31 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Method for storing wild pyrus calleryana germplasm resources in different places and through rapid rejuvenation and application |
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