CN109168857A - A kind of jujube tree suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area do only after quick forming method - Google Patents
A kind of jujube tree suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area do only after quick forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109168857A CN109168857A CN201810960886.2A CN201810960886A CN109168857A CN 109168857 A CN109168857 A CN 109168857A CN 201810960886 A CN201810960886 A CN 201810960886A CN 109168857 A CN109168857 A CN 109168857A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The present invention relates to jujube cultivation technical fields, a kind of quick forming method after the jujube tree suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area does only is specifically disclosed, this method specifically: First Year is reserved first layer young sprout and cultivated after doing only, in spring in next year, with first layer, newly slightly stock is grafted, second layer young sprout is reserved in lower section simultaneously to be cultivated, spring in third year with the new slightly stock grafting of the second layer, in progress shaping in the 4th year, tree body direct forming.The method of the present invention wound is small, and healing is fast, high survival rate after grafting, and the windbreak death rate is low；Reserved shoot growth is fast, and branches and leaves amount is big, rejuvenation root system；And forming is fast, it is short into time high yield period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to jujube cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of jujube tree suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area does only
Quick forming method afterwards.
Background technique
Taihang mountain gneiss area be located at 36 ° 58 '~3 7 ° 22 of north latitude ', 113 ° 50 '~115 ° 23 of east longitude ', height above sea level 350
~700m, 10~12 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, day and night temperature is big, 175~190d of frost-free period, sunshine time 2534h, annual rainfall
580ml, and be unevenly distributed, 80% concentrates on summer, and drought and water shortage phenomenon is serious.Area's hill slope surface soil layer is shallow, and general 15
~20cm, soil belong to thick bone lean soil, and the content of organic matter is low, and soil development degree is poor, and retain water and nutrients ability is poor, effective mineral
Element is insufficient, and Desertification is serious.
Jujube drought resisting is resistance to lean, adaptable, becomes the main planting in the area, and area's jujube tree tree vigo(u)r is weaker, naturally growth and
Tree body is tall and big, and tree is up to 6~7m；Stemness is strong, does high 2~3m, and hat width is small, tree body closing；Tree body ventilation and penetrating light ability is poor, as a result
It is moved outside position；Low output, contracting fruit dehiscent fruit is serious, poor quality, needs to carry out veteran update.It is logical that jujube tree is updated replacement new varieties
Change the mode of hat frequently with grafting high and changing head or cutting strunk, using more, it is more prosperous to be suitable for tree vigo(u)r in Plain jujube area for grafting high and changing head mode
It contains, but fruit quality is poor, the jujube tree of low output, and such method is carried out on the basis of original tree-like, and trunk cannot be reduced
Highly.The method that Taihang Mountain gneiss jujube area update new varieties mostly use cutting strunk to change hat.
The method that cutting strunk changes hat be in spring current year jujube tree germination after 1~1.2m of trunk at cutting strunk, and section wound
Mouthful place grafting, using cortex grafting method, scion be plugged after with white agricultural film item package tight graft union.Grafting top priority answer and
When bud picking, remove on trunk newborn sprout tillers, generally need bud picking 5~7 times.When young sprout grows to 20cm or so, release above interface
The plastic film of bondage.Timely bondage young sprout is reached in new-tip length for the second time for the first time when new-tip length reaches 20~30cm
When to 50~60cm.First waddy or bamboo bar are tied up on stock when bondage, it is necessary to tie up twice.Generally 70cm is reached in new-tip length
Shi Jinhang pinching.Conventional trimming is carried out before second year germinates, and removes bondage waddy or bamboo bar.The method that cutting strunk changes hat is done only
Afterwards, overground part branches and leaves amount is small, and root system atrophy is dead；Wound is excessive, it is extremely difficult to heal, while graft union wrapping is difficult, interface is run
Wind gas leakage, survival rate is low after grafting；The newborn branch for surviving rear pumping easily fractures under the action of wet monsoon, rain, easily leads to
Whole strain jujube tree is dead, shows average mortality 11.5%~15.4% according to 2016~2017 years investigation results；Branch after grafting
Orthostatic is strong, and forming is slow, as a result late, long into jujube fruit time high yield period.
Summary of the invention
For cutting strunk in the prior art change hat method wound it is big, it is refractory close, graft survival rate is low, branches and leaves amount is small, root system withers
Listless dead, pumping branch frangibility is dead and forming is slow, into time high yield period it is long the problems such as, the present invention provides a kind of be applicable in
Quick forming method after Taihang mountain gneiss area jujube tree does only, this method wound is small, and healing is fast, high survival rate after grafting,
The windbreak death rate is low；Reserved shoot growth is fast, and branches and leaves amount is big, rejuvenation root system；And forming is fast, it is short into time high yield period.
To achieve the above object of the invention, present invention employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of jujube tree suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area do only after quick forming method, be after First Year is done only
Reserved first layer young sprout is simultaneously cultivated, and in spring in next year, with first layer, newly slightly stock is grafted, while reserving second in lower section
Layer young sprout is cultivated, spring in third year with the new slightly stock grafting of the second layer, in progress shaping in the 4th year, tree body directly at
Shape.
Specifically, the quick forming method after the jujube tree that the present invention is suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area does only includes following step
It is rapid:
(1) before First Year spring jujube tree rudiment, only dry from 1.0~1.2m of trunk height to cut, wound applies fruit tree wound
Heal protective agent；
(2) after jujube tree rudiment, equally distributed young sprout 4~5 is reserved in trunk 80~100cm eminence, other sprout tillers are complete
Portion erases in time, and June is adjusted the reserved new angle slightly, forms first layer and reserves branch；
(3) mid or late April in next year reserves branch using the first layer in step (2) and is grafted as stock；
(4) equally distributed newly slightly 4~5 are reserved after grafting at 30~50cm in the case where first layer reserves branch, other are sprouted
Tiller is all erased in time, and June is adjusted the new angle slightly, is formed the second layer and is reserved branch；
(5) mid or late April in third year reserves branch using the second layer in step (4) and is grafted as stock；
(6) the 4th year spring reserved the angle of grafting twig on branch to the second layer and is adjusted.
Preferably, only dry to cut height 1.0m, the every increasing of ground diameter as trunk ground diameter 15cm in step (1) in step (1)
Add 1cm, is highly further added by 10cm, not more than 1.2m.
Preferably, it is to be maintained at 40~50 ° with trunk angle that new angle slightly is reserved described in step (2).
Preferably, in step (3), stock length is 15~20cm, and the grafting is cortex grafting method.
It is further preferred that in step (3), budder grow to 20cm when, release the plastic film of bondage on interface；When connecing
When bud grows to 30cm, bondage bracket is to prevent windbreak；The bracket of bondage is released to florescence after the spring rudiment of third year and holding connects
Bud and trunk are in 40~50 ° of angles.
Preferably, in step (4), newly angle slightly is 55~65 ° to be kept with trunk angle, and the second layer reserves branch
Length carries out pinching when reaching 70cm.
Preferably, stock length is 15~20cm in step (5), and the grafting is cortex grafting method.
It is further preferred that in step (5) budder grow to 20cm when, release interface on bondage plastic film；When connecing
When bud grows to 30cm, bondage bracket is to prevent windbreak.
Preferably, the bracket that the second layer reserves branch bondage is released to florescence after spring rudiment in the 4th year in step (6)
And it keeps buddering with trunk in 55~65 ° of angles.
What the present invention obtained by adopting the above technical scheme has the beneficial effect that:
1. net dry-cure reduces trunk height: the cutting strunk at away from 1.0~1.2m of ground, away from pre- at 80~100cm of ground
Branch first layer branch is stayed to be cultivated, second year reserves second layer branch below the first layer at 30~50cm, reduce tree
Dry height is conducive to the management such as grafting, pruning and harvesting.
2. reducing root system atrophy, be conducive to root system rejuvenating: pumping branch amount is big after net dry, stay first layer pre-terminated young sprout into
Row culture, shoot growth is rapid, and shoot and leaf growth amount is big；While branch grafting is reserved on second year upper layer, second is reserved in lower section
Layer young sprout, guarantees branches and leaves amount, reduces root system atrophy, is conducive to root system rejuvenation, conserves root system.
3. low at branch rate after solving the problems, such as part jujube tree cutting strunk: Taihang mountain gneiss area is few, native due to spring rainfall
Earth is barren, once stops if reserving branch after cutting strunk, and it is short and small, very thin that new shoot growth occurs often in tree vigo(u)r weak jujube tree in part,
It cannot lead to root system mortality at branch, tree vigo(u)r decline is serious, causes not restoring for many years.
4. reserved branch position, spreading angle are suitable, tree-like good: changing the nature of extensive management traditional in production
Globular model is cultivated by reserved two layers of young sprout, and young sprout position suitable, spreading angle is reasonable, after two layers of branch grafting, directly
Forming, tree body are trained two layers of dispersion shape.It is tree-like good, it is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light.
5. wound is small, healing is fast, and high survival rate after grafting: the method for the present invention wound is small, and healing is fast, general 3~5d wound
There is new callus, 7~10d wound healing, higher than tradition to connect big wound healing 15d early.High survival rate after grafting can reach
To 95% or more, crown height 5% is changed than traditional cutting strunk.
6. the windbreak death rate is low after jujube tree grafting: pumping branch is not easy windbreak death after grafting, is investigated the death rate and is only
1%, changing hat method than traditional cutting strunk significantly reduces 10% or more.
7. pumping shoot growth is fast, forming is fast, short into time high yield period: reserved shoot growth is fast, second year after grafting
Can be as a result, 4~5 years enter high yield period, changing hat mode than traditional cutting strunk, to enter high yield period 1~2 year early.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) net dry: First Year is before spring jujube tree rudiment, and progress is only dry from 1.0~1.2m of trunk height cuts, ground diameter
When 15cm, dry height 1.0m, the every increase 1cm of ground diameter are highly further added by 10cm, not more than 1.2m only.It is all on trunk
Branch is all removed from base portion.Net dry rear wound applies fruit tree wound healing protective agent (referring to ZL200910227816.7).
(2) first layer pre-terminated young sprout retains and cultivates: after jujube tree rudiment, starting in trunk 80~100cm eminence reserved new
4~5, the tip, it is desirable that young sprout is uniformly distributed, other sprout tillers are all erased in time.August carries out drawing branch to stayed young sprout, other branch is grasped
Make, branch and trunk angle is made to be kept for 45 °.
(3) scion acquisition and processing: the next spring, under the premise of jujube tree is ablastous, scion acquires more more late better.
Robust growth, the sturdy Secondary Branch of 1~2 year raw jujube first time branch of no disease and pests harm or part are selected, rugosity 0.3cm~1.0cm takes
Its middle part and top, every two bud are cut into one section, and intercepted length is 5~8cm, and branch stays 1cm or so above every section of upper end bud.Scion
Carry out sealing wax processing, method is sealed with wax method with conventional stiff wood scion in production.
(4) first layer is reserved young sprout grafting and is managed after connecing: in mid or late April, no rainy day grafting.Reserved branch it is smooth,
Straight place, generally stays 15~20cm, cuts off stock top, scabbles section.Grafting uses cortex grafting method.The left side 20cm is grown to buddering
When right, the plastic film of bondage above interface is released.When budder grow to 30cm or more when, bondage bracket is to prevent windbreak.In time into
The row prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
(5) second layer pre-terminated young sprout retains and culture: starting to stay pre- at 30~50cm below the first layer young sprout after grafting
Connect young sprout 4~5, it is desirable that young sprout is uniformly distributed, other sprout tillers are all erased in time.It is plucked when branch length reaches 70cm
The heart controls branch length.June carries out drawing branch to pre-terminated young sprout, other branch operates, and branch and trunk angle is made to be kept for 60 DEG C.Simultaneously
To the bracket of the first layer bondage of grafting twig releasing, carries out other branch and draw branch operation, its angle between trunk is made to be maintained at 45 °.
(6) second layer is reserved young sprout grafting and is managed after connecing: grafting in mid or late April in third year, engrafting method and after connecing
Management is the same as (3) and (4).
(7) pruning: to florescence after spring rudiment in the 4th year, releasing the bracket of second layer branch bondage, to its into
Row draws the other branch of branch, its angle between trunk is made to be maintained at 60 °.Growth period removes the newborn jujube head branch other than reserved branch in time.Tree
Shape is trained happy shape.
(8) cultivation management: other same Routine Managements of cultivation management measure.
Test example
By taking the Baoding village Fuping County Bei Gudong testing site as an example, hat method is changed using traditional cutting strunk and the present invention is fast rapid-result
Shape method compares test.Details is as follows:
It tests and was carried out in 2013~2017 years in the Baoding village Fuping County Bei Gudong mother-in-law's jujube garden, area 0.25hm2, soil category
Thick bone sand, fertility is low, weaker for examination jujube tree tree vigo(u)r, 35~40a of the age of tree.If two processing, A1: tradition load is dry to change hat
Method；A2: the method for the embodiment of the present invention 1.Each each 20 trees of grafting of processing, repeat, random district's groups arrangement three times.Grafting product
Kind is dawn jujube, and test tree two sides are equipped with nurse tree.Other all management are all the same.
1,15~20d checks whether scion survives after grafting, investigates graft survival rate, tree body stops growing at the end of October
When investigation grafting after the jujube tree windbreak death rate, the results are shown in Table 1.
Survival rate and mortality survey table after the grafting of 1 different disposal of table
Seen from table 1, the survival rate after A2 (method of the invention) grafting is significantly higher than A1 (traditional cutting strunk changes hat method)
Processing, the survival rate average out to 95.56% of A2 processing, the survival rate average out to 89.44% of A1 processing improve 6.12%.Point
Analyse its reason, traditional cutting strunk changes that hat method wound area is excessive, and healing is difficult, needs the time long；Graft union wrapping simultaneously is difficult,
Interface runs wind gas leakage, causes survival rate after grafting low.
The windbreak death rate after A2 grafting is extremely significant lower than A1 processing, the death rate average out to 1.26% that A2 is handled, at A1
The death rate average out to 13.50% of reason, reduces 12.24%.Traditional cutting strunk is changed the high reason of the hat method death rate and is into
The newborn branch of pumping easily fractures under the action of wet monsoon, rain after work, and it is dead to easily lead to whole strain jujube tree.
2, in 2016,2017 after the completion of jujube tree physiological fallen fruit on July 25, length, every is hung to the jujube of each processing respectively
Stock raw jujube hang number, hang each indexs such as fruit ratio and investigated, the results are shown in Table 2；In jujube fruit entirely red crisp ripe phase to newborn jujube head growth
Length, rugosity measure, and measure vertical diameter, the transverse diameter of jujube fruit, mean fruit weight；Investigation records list is distinguished after harvest sunning
Strain yield, the results are shown in Table 3.
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to growth and development of jujube trees
Obtained by 2 two years test data analyzers of table: the newborn jujube head growth length of A2 processing, rugosity, jujube stock pumping jujube are hung
Number, jujube, which hang growth length and hang fruit ratio, is significantly higher than A1 processing, and test result trend is consistent within 2 years.The newborn jujube head of A2 processing
Two annual of growth length is 51.85cm, increases by 21.27% than A1；The newborn jujube head rugosity of A2 processing is 0.78cm, is increased than A1
Add 19.08%.The jujube stock pumping jujube of A2 processing hangs number average out to 3.63, increases by 6.30% than A1.The jujube stock of A2 processing is taken out
The growth length average out to 17.97cm that raw jujube is hung increases by 9.58% than A1.A2 processing hangs fruit than average out to 1.92, increases than A1
Add 14.97%.Relatively showing that A2 handles quick forming method by data, Growth status is healthy and strong, and tree-like ventilation and penetrating light is good,
Growth status physically well develops, and growth result is good.
Influence of 3 different disposal of table to jujube fruit character and yield
The jujube fruit fruit that can be seen that A2 processing by 3 data of table is bigger than the jujube fruit of A1 processing, and the jujube fruit of A2 processing is average
Single fruit weight and average single plant yield are all remarkably higher than A1 processing, and test result trend is identical within 2 years.The vertical diameter of the jujube fruit of A2 processing
It is respectively 4.35cm and 3.35cm with transverse diameter average value, increases separately 10.13% and 6.35% than A1.The average fruit of A2 processing
Weight is 17.03g, increases by 6.34% than A1 processing.The average single plant yield of A2 processing is 5.59kg, is increased than A1 processing
19.47%.These results suggest that the quick forming method of A2 processing, general net do can enter high yield period for latter 3~5 years, and A1
The cutting strunk of processing changes hat method then than late 1~2 year of A1 processing.A1 processing grafting is essentially consisted in early although tracing it to its cause, and is transferred
It is small to connect rear shoot growth amount, root system atrophy, and branch orthostatic is strong, tree-like forming is slow, as a result late；And A2 handles shoot growth amount
Greatly, it is conducive to root system rejuvenation, and reserved branch spreading angle is good, forming is fast, tree-like good, is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, when into high yield period
Between it is short.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of jujube tree suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area only do after quick forming method, it is characterised in that: First Year is net
First layer young sprout is reserved after dry and is cultivated, and in spring in next year, with first layer, newly slightly stock is grafted, while reserved in lower section
Second layer young sprout is cultivated, and spring in third year, in progress shaping in the 4th year, tree body was direct with the new slightly stock grafting of the second layer
Forming.
The quick forming method after 2. a kind of jujube tree suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area does only as described in claim 1,
Be characterized in that the following steps are included:
(1) before First Year spring jujube tree rudiment, only dry from 1.0~1.2m of trunk height to cut, wound applies fruit tree wound healing
Protective agent；
(2) after jujube tree rudiment, reserve equally distributed young sprout 4~5 in trunk 80~100cm eminence, other sprout tillers all and
When erase, June is adjusted the reserved new angle slightly, forms first layer and reserves branch；
(3) mid or late April in next year reserves branch using the first layer in step (2) and is grafted as stock；
(4) equally distributed newly slightly 4~5 are reserved after grafting at 30~50cm in the case where first layer reserves branch, other sprout tillers are complete
Portion erases in time, and June is adjusted the new angle slightly, forms the second layer and reserves branch；
(5) mid or late April in third year reserves branch using the second layer in step (4) and is grafted as stock；
(6) the 4th year spring reserved the angle of grafting twig on branch to the second layer and is adjusted.
3. the quick forming method after being done only suitable for the jujube tree of Taihang mountain gneiss area as claimed in claim 2, feature
Be: in step (1), as trunk ground diameter 15cm, only dry to cut height 1.0m, the every increase 1cm of ground diameter is highly further added by
10cm, not more than 1.2m.
4. the quick forming method after being done only suitable for the jujube tree of Taihang mountain gneiss area as claimed in claim 2, feature
Be: it is to be maintained at 40~50 ° with trunk angle that new angle slightly is reserved described in step (2).
5. the quick forming method after being done only suitable for the jujube tree of Taihang mountain gneiss area as claimed in claim 2, feature
Be: in step (3), stock length is 15~20cm, and the grafting is cortex grafting method.
6. the quick forming method after being done only suitable for the jujube tree of Taihang mountain gneiss area as claimed in claim 5, feature
Be: in step (3), budder grow to 20cm when, release interface on bondage plastic film；When budder grow to 30cm when, tie up
Bracket is tied up to prevent windbreak；To florescence release the bracket of bondage after the spring rudiment of third year and holding budder with trunk in 40~
50 ° of angles.
7. the quick forming method after being done only suitable for the jujube tree of Taihang mountain gneiss area as claimed in claim 2, feature
Be: in step (4), newly angle slightly is to be kept for 55~65 ° with trunk angle.
8. the quick forming method after being done only suitable for the jujube tree of Taihang mountain gneiss area as claimed in claim 2, feature
Be: in step (4), the length that the second layer reserves branch carries out pinching when reaching 70cm.
9. the quick forming method after being done only suitable for the jujube tree of Taihang mountain gneiss area as claimed in claim 2, feature
Be: stock length is 15~20cm in step (5), and the grafting is cortex grafting method；It budders when growing to 20cm, releases on interface
The plastic film of bondage；When budder grow to 30cm when, bondage bracket is to prevent windbreak.
10. the quick forming method after being done only suitable for the jujube tree of Taihang mountain gneiss area as claimed in claim 9, feature
It is: releases the second layer to florescence after spring rudiment in the 4th year in step (6) and reserve the bracket of bondage and holding on branch
It budders with trunk in 55~65 ° of angles.
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