CN103733943A - Big cherry tree shaping, trimming and managing technique - Google Patents
Big cherry tree shaping, trimming and managing technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN103733943A CN103733943A CN201410017539.8A CN201410017539A CN103733943A CN 103733943 A CN103733943 A CN 103733943A CN 201410017539 A CN201410017539 A CN 201410017539A CN 103733943 A CN103733943 A CN 103733943A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a big cherry tree shaping, trimming and managing technique. A big cherry tree which is high in wind resistance, early in fruiting, big in fruit, high in yield and easy to manage can be cultivated through a series of techniques of seedling selection, field planting, tree form cultivating, trimming, fertilizing and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pruning administrative skill of a kind of large cherry tree.
Background technology
The tree-like major part of large cherry early high-yield that each large cherry producing region, the whole nation and each large cherry research unit promote is at present all free spindle, generally adopts following two kinds of methods to carry out shaping:
Method one:
1, heading height 80-100 centimetre, late July to late August is pulled to 80-90 degree by major branch angle; Vertical branch is turned round to the tip or heavy pinching.
2, before Second Year rudiment in spring, carve bud: on trunk, send out as required the direction of branch every a bud at 10-15 centimetre of quarter, carve 6-7, to the primary tiller of evening up the previous year, except back bud, both sides and behind bud are all carved bud, until from 30 centimetres, the tip of a branch.After the dry branch in center is inscribed portion's bud sprouting, making dry center branch by oneself dry place upwards cuts off at about 1 meter place, 2nd, the elongated shoot of the dry branch in 3 Nian Dui centers and the same First Year of processing of competitive branch, elongated shoot to the major branch of selecting and remain then and the major branch selected and remain last year carries out angle of release to 80-90 degree, to the strong prosperous branch heavy pinching of each major branch back with turn round tip control, remove the heavy pinching that overstocked branch stays.Within 3 to 4 years, substantially complete tree-like arrangement.
Method two:
1, the First Year of planting: 80 centimetres of left and right of heading height, fixed dry rear the first bud under clip that retains, all buds in following 10 cm range of first bud of erasing, 10 centimetres following to 4-5 full buds of more than ground 30 centimetres of selections, above bud, with hacksaw blade, carving semicircle hinders to xylem, make each bud keep at a certain distance away and spiral escalation stay bud to send out branch, all the other buds are all erased, and the bud from ground to 30 centimetre is also all erased, late July to early August is drawn branch to cultivated a 4-5 major branch then, and making its spreading angle is 90 degree (parallel to the ground).
2, the Second Year of planting: all branches of spring First Year being evened up cutting back outside 30 centimetres, under clip, the first bud selection is selected the lower full bud of the back of the body, back bud is all erased, central authorities leader is done in 70-80 centimeters and cut off, the eye of erasing in following 10 centimetres of the first bud under clip, 10 centimetres of buds of 3-4 different azimuth of selecting and remain below, the distance of 15 centimetres of left and right, every bud interval is carved bud with hacksaw.Late July to late August draws branch to open a business to 90 degree to cultivated a 3-4 major branch.Summer since 4 months, the last ten-days period the strong prosperous branch of back of erasing, back, two side shoots are grown to about 10 centimetres beginning pinching or are removed.
3, plant the 3rd year: the major branch that First Year is cultivated is apart from base portion 80 centimeters cutting backs, and under clip, the first bud selection is selected bud under the full back of the body, the back bud of erasing.The dry secateurs in center is stayed to length, the dry same Second Year of processing of carving bud and other bud in center, processing processing to First Year major branch with Second Year of the major branch that Second Year is cultivated.
4, plant the 4th year: selecting and remain and carving bud and stay branch with the 3rd year the dry branch in center.The 3rd layer, the 4th layer branch carried out horizontal uniaxial extension, do not stay side shoot.
Through 3-4, substantially complete tree-like cultivation, 3 meters of left and right of the height of tree, 15 left and right of major branch.
Above-mentioned traditional beta pruning draws a mode to have following shortcoming:
(1) spindle level is drawn branch, and overhead too near because of lower floor's branch, management is inconvenient.
(2) level is drawn branch result (two side shoots are also upwards grown and become back branch) on a main backrest, to the continuously necessary and pinching year after year in growth season of back branch, and will constantly even up peripheral elongated shoot, has formed the vicious circle of taking a lot of work, requiring great effort.
(3) spindle level draws branch take back branch result as main, and after pinching take armpit bud result as main, and each fruit branch density is large, concentrated, exist that the bud quality is poor, not frost-resistant, fruit-setting rate is low, setting fruit position moves outward and the easy shortcoming such as deadwood, and the liftoff position of major branch, horizontal branch bottom is low, is difficult to bear fruit.
(4) traditional spindle tree, for controlling its growth and precocity fruiting, must adopt dwarfing rootstock, or with plant hormone control tree vigo(u)rs such as paclobutrazol, PBO.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the pruning administrative skill of a kind of new large cherry tree is provided, large cherry tree adopts this pruning administrative skill, not only saving of labor, laborsaving manageability, and also result is early, and output is high.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme adopting is: the pruning administrative skill of a kind of large cherry tree, is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:
(1), selection of seedling: select large cherry seedling grafting mouth above highly for 80-150 centimetre, robust growth, the above 20-50 centimeters of grafting mouth eye is full, nothing is worn and torn, do not fall or summer that scarce bud, root system are complete or the one year seedling of spring grafting, stock is folium isatidis kind, nursery stock be go out garden mid or late November to early December through heat and moisture preserving processing, store sth. in a cellar seedling completely;
(2), field planting:
1,, before field planting, on ground, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (not biuret-containing), every mu organic fertilizer 200-500 kilogram, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50-100 kilogram, deep ploughing is digged, and active soil stratum is reached more than 40 centimetres;
2, field planting: spacing in the rows is 2.5-3.5 rice, line-spacing: 3.5-4.5 rice, the field planting time is before spring, soil germinateed to large cherry tree after thawing;
3, during field planting, first in planting pit, apply 0.1-0.3 kilogram of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, in microbial-bacterial fertilizer and cave, soil is planted after mixing thoroughly again, and the depth of planting will reach grafting part 0-10 centimetre above ground level;
(3), tree-like cultivation and fertilising:
1, the management of First Year:
(1), fixed dry: heading height is 30-50 centimetre, and (nursery stock is 30-40 centimetre compared with weak person's heading height, the more healthy and stronger person's heading height of nursery stock is 40-50 centimetre), surely the dry time is 5-20 days before seedling bud is sprouted, and under fixed dry clip and clip, the distance of the first bud is greater than 1 centimetre;
(2), the selection of the dry branch in center and the cultivation of ground floor major branch: when young sprout grows to 25-35 centimetre, select vigorous, the upright young sprout of topmost growth as the dry branch in center, every strain is other inserts one thick 2-3 centimetre, be highly greater than the bamboo bar of 3 meters, and dry the center of nursery stock and selection branch is strapped on bamboo bar; Regulating the angle between the dry branch of the second bud branch, San Yazhiyu center is 60 degree, and angle bottom branch being adjusted between the dry branch in center is 50 degree, as ground floor major branch, its rugosity be less than inserted part center dry 1/3;
(3), rich water quality management: 20-July 20 May after Survival rate of nursery stock, in conjunction with watering or raining, on ground, spread fertilizer over the fields urea or ditch spread potassium sulfate type high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 2-3 time, each every strain fertilizing amount is 0.05-0.1 kilogram, September 20 is to basal dressing on October 20, described base manure is the mixed fertilizer mixing by the weight ratio of 3:1 with biological organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, adopts radiation ditch spread or 0.5-1 kilogram/strain of hole application of mixed fertilizers material;
2, the management of Second Year:
(1), the pruning before germination in spring: the treelet that the center dry branch length of selecting and remain for First Year is greater than 1 meter, the ground floor major branch that First Year is selected and remain retains 3-5, and its spreading angle and direction are adjusted in continuation, control spreading angle at 50-60 degree, during pruning, the dry branch in cutting back center, on surely dry clip, 1-1.3 rice is chosen in full bud top and cuts and cut, cutting backs not of ground floor major branch; Ground floor is retained to the plant of 3 major branches of less than, more than surely dry clip or below on the dry branch in 20 centimetres of Nei centers, select full bud, with scissors cross cut two cuttves above full bud, the degree of depth will reach xylem, and the bark between two cuttves is removed, and making it form centre wide is 0.3 centimetre, biapiculate peeling incised wound, the half cycle of the dry branch in center that skinner length is cut position, or hinder with cutting the branch saw saw that directly saw reaches xylem, Qie Rao center dry branch half cycle deeply above the full bud of selecting; The treelet that the center dry branch length of selecting and remain for First Year is less than 1 meter, the dry branch in the center that First Year is retained and ground floor major branch all weigh cutting back: the dry branch in center retains 15-25 centimetre of cutting back, and ground floor major branch retains 5-10 centimetre of cutting back;
(2), summer management: to spring growing way good, ground floor major branch is the treelet of cutting back not, to new branch after the dry branch in cutting back in spring center, the strong branch of top one growing way that continues June to select and remain is done branch as center, and be strapped on bamboo bar, all the other new branch quantity exceed 3, and the branch of 3 the growing way golden means of the Confucian school of selecting and remain is made second layer major branch, remove the competitive branch that unnecessary growing way is strong, and the spreading angle of adjusting 3 second layer major branches selecting and remain is 50-60 degree; To the ground floor major branch top chief's who selects and remain spring shoot, each ground floor major branch is all selected and remain the straight branch of direction as ground floor major branch elongated shoot, other prosperous stool is all removed from base portion, only retain the extremely weak branch that 1-2 direction position is applicable to, to keep the growing way of ground floor major branch elongated shoot; To the shoot being sent out after spring incised wound or saw wound, adopt to the method for the branch of hanging oneself and strengthen growth potential, make its as early as possible with other ground floor major branch growing way balance, after balance, timely spreading angle is to 50-60 degree; To the treelet of heavy cutting back in spring, according to (2) article in the management of First Year " selection of the dry branch in center and the cultivation of ground floor major branch ", cultivate;
(3), rich water quality management: the individual plant weak to growing way, before July, every strain imposes urea or potassium sulfate type high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.2-0.5 kilogram, and the strong individual plant of growing way is not imposed to fertilizer summer; Fertilizer In Autumn base manure: September 20 was to October 20, weak to the slightly strong individual plant of the golden mean of the Confucian school to growing way, use the fertilizer that mixes that biological organic fertilizer mixes by the part by weight of 3:1 with potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, Mei Zhu application of mixed fertilizers material 1-2 kilogram, to the strong difficult individual plant that becomes to spend of growing way, biological organic fertilizer 0-1 kilogram is executed in every strain;
3, the management of the 3rd year:
(1), before germinateing spring, ground floor major branch and second layer major branch that the first two year selected and remain, continuing to adjust spreading angle is 50-60 degree, neither cutting back of the elongated shoot of all major branches, in ground floor major branch, the shoot that Second Year is sent out, continue to retain thin and delicate branch, remove prosperous branch and competitive branch, the dry branch in the center that Second Year is selected and remain, retains 0.8-1 rice and carries out cutting back on full bud top;
(2), June, to new branch after the dry branch in cutting back in spring center, the branch that the top growing way of selecting and remain is strong is done branch as center, and be strapped on bamboo bar, all the other new branch quantity exceed 3, the branch of 3 the growing way golden means of the Confucian school of selecting and remain is made the 3rd layer of major branch, removes the competitive branch that unnecessary growing way is strong, and the spreading angle of adjusting 3 the 3rd layer of major branches selecting and remain is 50-60 degree; To ground floor and the second layer major branch top chief's shoot, each major branch is all selected and remain the straight branch of direction as major branch elongated shoot, other prosperous stool is all removed from base portion, only retain the extremely weak branch that 1-2 direction position is applicable to, to keep the growing way of each major branch elongated shoot;
(3) rich water quality management: same Second Year;
4, the management of the 4th year:
(1), before germinateing spring, first, second and third layer of major branch of selecting and remain continued to adjust spreading angle at 50-60 degree, balance growing way, make its rugosity be less than 1/3 of the dry branch in inserted part center, remove the strong prosperous back branch on competitive branch and each major branch at each major branch elongated shoot rear portion, strong prosperous two side shoots and overstocked branch, make the rugosity of each branch on each major branch all be less than 1/3 of inserted part major branch rugosity, to each branch on each major branch, all retain one and take the lead branch, continue to get rid of and put and uniaxial extension, the dry secateurs in center is stayed to 80-100 centimetre;
(2), after June, large cherry gathered, the dry secateurs in center in spring is stayed to the rear chief's shoot, the strong prosperous branch in top of selecting and remain is as the dry branch in center, retains 3 golden mean of the Confucian school branches as the 4th layer of major branch and to adjust spreading angle be 50-60 degree, removes competitive branch; To ground floor, the second layer and the 3rd layer of major branch top chief's shoot, each major branch is all selected and remain the straight branch of direction as major branch elongated shoot, remove all branches beyond the weak branch of depolarization, the branch at each major branch rear portion is continued to remove strong prosperous back branch, strong prosperous two side shoots, interior thorax be in the light branch and unnecessary skirt branch;
(3), rich water quality management: growing way is weak, Yi Chenghua, kind that fruit-setting rate is high have formed output, at fruit development period, in conjunction with the strain of watering, execute high potassium type quick-acting fertilizer 0.5-1 kilogram, the kind that growing way is stronger is not applied fertilizer, autumn is during basal dressing, to the kind that growing way relaxes, a large amount of one-tenth is spent, fruit-setting rate is high, use mixed fertilizer, described mixed fertilizer is that fertilizer, composite fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer mix by the part by weight of 4:1:0.5, strain application of mixed fertilizers material 2-3 kilogram, executes 0-1 kilogram to the strong difficult individual plant that becomes to spend of growing way;
5, the 5th year and later management in 5 years:
(1), growing way a little less than, the kind of Yi Chenghua starts to enter the just full bearing period on the 5th year, except continuing (1) in the employing management of the 4th year, article (2) two, outside the trimming and finishing method of recording in, growing way is relaxed, a large amount of one-tenth flowers, the kind that fruit-setting rate is high, when each major branch elongated shoot year increment is delayed to 55-65 centimetre, before germinateing start each major branch elongated shoot of every one deck to weigh cutting back spring, the dry branch in Bing Dui center falls on happy supreme three major branches that stay for a year, annual maintenance major branch elongated shoot all reaches more than 55-65 centimetre later, while not reaching, will in time major branch be extended to end of the branch retraction cuts to Second Year or the 3rd year raw position, to keep new long elongated shoot year increment at 55-65 centimetre, the dry branch in Bing Jiang center falls head to the 3rd layer to the 4th layer major branch,
(2), strong to growing way, difficult become flower, kind that fruit-setting rate is low, continue to adopt the not trim mode of cutting back of each major branch uniaxial extension, the dry branch in center is cut every year and is stayed 60-70 centimetre, until cut, be left to layer 6 major branch, when each major branch elongated shoot year increment is delayed to 30 centimetres, before germinateing spring, start each major branch elongated shoot to adopt cutting back pruning the major branch top that dry of the Bing Jiang center head that falls forms for happy supreme 1 year; Work as large result, when fruit starts to diminish, each major branch is bounced back and cut to Second Year or the 3rd year raw position, happily to the of the head four layers of major branch top that fall, dry of Bing Jiang center;
(3), rich water quality management: the kind colored to a large amount of one-tenth, fruit-setting rate is high, basal dressing during 20-October 20 September, adopt radial canal shape to apply mixed fertilizer, described mixed fertilizer is that fertilizer, composite fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer mix by the part by weight of 4:1:0.5, strain application of mixed fertilizers material 4-5 kilogram, before Second Year is bloomed spring, the radial Gao Jia of imposing type composite fertilizer or Xie Huahou impose the quick-acting punching fertilisings of high potassium type in conjunction with watering, every strain imposes Gao Jia type composite fertilizer or the quick-acting punching fertilising of high potassium type 1-2 kilogram; To the kind that difficulty becomes to spend, fruit-setting rate is low, during 20-October 20 September, the mixed fertilizer that application of organic fertilizers, composite fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer mix by the part by weight of 4:1:0.5, every strain 0-2 kilogram, when large cherry is set a large amount of Cheng Huahou, at Xie Huahou, impose high potassium type quick-acting fertilizer 0-2 kilogram.
The spreading angle of each layer of described major branch all refers to the angle between the dry branch of each layer of major branch and center.
Most preferred embodiment of the present invention is:
In the management of Second Year, before germinateing the spring in (1) article, for guaranteeing that ground floor major branch quantity reaches 3-5, two full buds of set direction at each scarce branch hurt or saw wound at an upper portion thereof, if these two buds are all sent out branch, at Second Year, select a direction, position, the better branch of growing way to retain spring, another branch removes, and maybe this branch is evened up and is got rid of and put as interim fruit bearing shoot.
In the management of Second Year, in the summer management in (2) article, the branch a little less than the growing way that 3 major branch bottoms are sent out, do not affecting under the condition of major branch growth and interlayer ventilation and penetrating light, retain and get rid of and put year after year, as interim fruit bearing shoot, when affecting illumination, removing.
In the management of the 3rd year, the management before germinate the spring in (1), it is 30-50 degree that the major branch a little less than growing way is first adjusted to spreading angle, after growing way balance, then spreading angle is to 50-60 degree.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, trunk is low, and wind resistance power is strong.
2, branch angle is light, the upward life of major branch, and overhead position is high in ground floor major branch periphery, and when large cherry tree reaches the full bearing period, people can walk upright in the ranks, and management, fruit picking conveniently, have solved spindle level and have drawn branch, manage inconvenient shortcoming.
3, output is high: seldom have strong prosperous back branch, the strong prosperous branch of indivedual backs is removed from base portion, thereby make back, both sides, have fruit bearing shoot behind, density is suitable, and the leaf curtain thickness of every layer is large, easily realizes high yield.
4, saving of labor, laborsaving, high efficiency: because the weak back branch to each major branch and both sides and back of the body undershoot are not pinched head, not pinching without exception, the broken head of spring pruning, cutting back not, all get rid of year after year and put (can remove unnecessary branching), thereby saving of labor, laborsaving.After large cherry tree large result, more how many according to tree vigo(u)r power, flower amount and result, fruit bearing shoot is bounced back and removed.
That 5, according to method of the present invention, prunes is tree-like, because branch angle is light, interlamellar spacing large, overhead position is high for major branch, and leaf curtain thickness is large, each branch on dry to major branch Shang He center gets rid of and puts year after year, easily forms a large amount of bouquet shape fruit branches, and flower amount is large and bud fruit-setting rate is high, frost-resistant ability is strong, the continuous bearing capacity of fruit branch is strong, and setting fruit position moves outward slowly, is difficult for withered.And traditional spindle level draws branch take back branch result as main, and after pinching take armpit bud result as main, and each fruit branch density is large, concentrated, have that the bud quality is poor, not frost-resistant, fruit-setting rate is low, setting fruit position moves outward and the easy shortcoming such as deadwood, and the liftoff position of major branch, horizontal branch bottom is low, is difficult to bear fruit.A major branch in same upright projection situation, output of the present invention can reach traditional spindle level and draw a 3-5 of pruning output doubly.
6, result early, high yield early: outside the dry branch in treelet Qi Chu center, all branches cutting back not without exception, can farthest relax tree vigo(u)r, form in advance bud precocity fruiting, as: prosperous to tree vigo(u)r, the difficult red light kind that forms bud result, within the 3rd year, more than 50% can form axillary bud result, the 4th year 100% result, to early kind of U.S., the 3rd annual bearing strain rate is more than 80%, the 4th year whole result, commute becomes the kinds such as god of fortune, Rabin Si, black pearl, crystal, the sand honey beans of flower, after field planting the 3rd year can 100% result.And adopt traditional spindle level to draw a Training system, red light kind, within the 3rd year, more than 20% can form axillary bud result, the 4th year 50% result, to early kind of U.S., the 4th annual bearing strain rate is more than 50%, the 6th year whole result, commute becomes the kinds such as god of fortune, Rabin Si, black pearl, crystal, the sand honey beans of flower, within after field planting the 4th year, can have 80% fruiting rate.
7, traditional spindle level draws a shaping generally to select dwarfing rootstock or with plant hormone control tree vigo(u)rs such as paclobutrazol, PBO; The present invention is owing to adopting the pruning administrative law that relaxes to greatest extent tree vigo(u)r, and fertilizing amount is to determine according to tree vigo(u)r, in production: one without dwarfing rootstock, and the tree that enters the full bearing period, because there is powerful root system supply nutrient, fruit is large, output is high, tree vigo(u)r be difficult for weak, tree body life time is long; Two do not use the plant growth regulator such as paclobutrazol, PBO, are conducive to production high-quality green non-pollution fruit.
Embodiment
For describing the present invention in detail, below in conjunction with the concrete example of implementing, the present invention is done to further detailed description, but described embodiment should not explain in the mode of restriction.
One, selection of seedling:
Selecting large cherry seedling grafting mouth is highly 80-150 centimetre above, robust growth, the above 20-50 centimeters of grafting mouth eye is full, without wearing and tearing, do not fall (lacking) bud, root system is more complete, fresh summer grafting or spring grafting one year seedling, stock must be folium isatidis, preferably adopted Zhifu folium isatidis kind, selected nursery stock must be go out garden winter (mid or late November is to early December) store sth. in a cellar seedling (not revealing young sprout while storing sth. in a cellar) completely, whole seedling is completely through heat and moisture preserving processing, the such sapling in the winter time wound of its root system can heal completely, whole seedling is not subject to freeze injury, after field planting in spring, germinate fast, survival rate is high, growing way is prosperous.
Two, field planting:
1, (autumn, winter or early spring) before field planting, enough fertilizers fully becoming thoroughly decomposed and high-quality potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (not biuret-containing) are spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, general every mu of organic fertilizer 200-500 kilogram, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50-100 kilogram, in conjunction with whole deep ploughing, dig, active soil stratum is reached more than 40 centimetres.
2, field planting: spacing in the rows is 2.5-3.5 rice, line-spacing is 3.5-4.5 rice (specifically can determine according to factors such as soil condition, fertile soil degree and kinds).The field planting time be spring soil after thawing, to large cherry tree, germinate before (Yantai, Shandong Province is that early March is to early April).
3, during field planting, first in planting pit, apply left Tian Shi " treasured " or other high-quality microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.1-0.3 kilogram, after mixing thoroughly with cave soil, row is planted again, the depth of planting to reach that grafting part flushes with ground or 10 centimetres above ground level in, be also that the depth of planting will reach grafting part 0-10 centimetre above ground level.
Three, tree-like cultivation and fertilising:
1, the management of First Year:
(1) fixed dry: heading height is 30 centimetres-50 centimetres: nursery stock is 30-40 centimetres compared with weak person's heading height, the more healthy and stronger person's heading height of nursery stock is 40-50 centimetres, surely the dry time is 5-20 days before seedling bud is sprouted, under fixed dry clip and clip, the distance of the first bud is greater than 1 centimetre, with 1-2 centimetre, is advisable.
(2) selection of the dry branch in center and the cultivation of ground floor branch: when young sprout grows to 30 centimetres of left and right (25-35 centimetre), select topmost growth vigorous, upright young sprout is as the dry branch in center (leader's branch), every strain is other inserts one thick 2-3 centimetres, high 3 meters of above straight bamboo bars, dry the center of nursery stock and selection branch is strapped in to (elongated shoot of the dry branch in later annual Dou Yaoba center is strapped on bamboo bar) on bamboo bar, makes its upright healthy and strong growth.Strong to growing way, the second bud branch that angle is not opened a business, the 3rd bud branch, spreading angle to 60 degree (angle between the dry branch in Ya Zhiyu center) in time, available toothpick angle of release or make " own " shape or " E " shape open-angle device carries out angle of release with No. 14 to No. 8 iron wires, and often smooth out with the fingers branch, take branch angle of release, weaken second, the growing way of three, a little less than growing way, the bottom branch that spreading angle is large, one of available cloth is tied up on weak branch, tie up on the appropriate location of bamboo bar other end, by branch pull-up, make its spreading angle at 30-50 degree, that the growing way of each branch of balance is as ground floor major branch order, when the branch of pull-up with carry out after the branch growing way balance of angle of release, again the branch of pull-up is decontroled, making its spreading angle is 50-60 degree (weak branch 50 degree, compared with enriching shoot 60, spend), and after being shaped, result remains that ground floor major branch spreading angle is 50-60 degree, ground floor major branch rugosity is less than 1/3 of the dry branch in its inserted part center.
(3) rich water quality management: want duty to water when weather is arid spring, guarantees Survival rate of nursery stock healthy and strong growth.After Survival rate of nursery stock, (the 20-7 month in May 20) combination is watered or rains, and spreads fertilizer over the fields urea or ditch spread potassium sulfate type high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 2-3 time on ground, and each every strain fertilizing amount is 0.05-0.1 kilogram.After August, control amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, impel large cherry branch development to enrich, safe overwintering.Carried out autumn basal dressing on September 20 to October 20: employing biological organic fertilizer coordinates potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (biological organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are mixed into mixed fertilizer by the part by weight of 3:1) to radiate ditch spread or execute in hole, general strain application of mixed fertilizers material 0.5-1 kilogram, to difficulty become the bow structure red light in fruit evening, beautiful early, the extremely prosperous individual plant of growing way (the elongated shoot amount of growth of center-pole branch reaches more than 1.5 meters) of the kind such as Italy is early red can not apply fertilizer or only execute a small amount of biological organic fertilizer, not to fertilize.
2, the management of Second Year:
(1) before germinateing spring: the treelet (length of the dry branch in center is greater than 1 meter) that growing way is good, the ground floor major branch that First Year is selected and remain retains 3-5, and spreading angle and direction are adjusted in continuation, balance growing way, the branch large to spreading angle a little less than growing way continues to the branch of hanging oneself, and enriching shoot spreading angle is to 60 degree.Prune outside the dry branch in Shi Chu center, neither cutting back pruning of other all ground floor major branches is to relax tree vigo(u)r, precocity fruiting order.To staying for the first time the plant of 3 major branches of less than, can be more than surely dry clip or below on 20 centimetres of dry branches in Nei centers, the full bud that choice direction, position are applicable to, deeply reach xylem with scissors cross cut two cuttves above full bud, skin is removed, making it wide in the middle of forming is the peeling incised wound of dry branch half cycle centered by 0.3 centimetre, pointed at both ends, length, or directly above the full bud of selecting, saw reaches xylem deeply, around center, the saw of dry branch half cycle is hindered with cutting branch saw.For guaranteeing that ground floor major branch quantity reaches 3-5, can hurt at an upper portion thereof or saw wound at two full buds of set direction of each scarce branch, if these two buds are all sent out branch, can select a direction, position, the better branch of growing way to retain spring at Second Year, another removes or evens up, gets rid of and put as interim fruit bearing shoot (in the situation that not affecting major branch growth).To the elongated shoot of the dry branch in the center of selecting and remain will be on surely dry clip 1-1.3 rice be chosen in full bud top and cut and cut, the select and remain principle of length of the dry branch in center is: one deck major branch quantity is more, amount of growth is larger, center is dry cut stay highly larger; Otherwise cut and stay shortlyer, be that maintenance center is dry coordinates with the growing way of major branch order, and keeps treelet phase tree body slightly upper strong; The treelet (curtailment of First Year Liu Xuan center dry branch 1 meter) weak to growing way, can according to circumstances weigh cutting back in conjunction with stopping ground floor major branch (3-5), and the dry branch in center retains 15-25 centimetre of cutting back, and ground floor major branch retains 5-10 centimetre of cutting back; The plant (center dry elongated shoot curtailment 30 centimetre) extremely weak to growing way, can dig in whole strain, again plants healthy and strong nursery stock.
(2) summer management: for spring growing way good, ground floor major branch is the treelet of cutting back not, to new branch after the dry branch in cutting back in spring center, the strong branch of top growing way that continues June to have selected and remain is done branch as center, and is strapped on bamboo bar, the branch that all the other are new, quantity exceedes 3, and the branch of 3 the growing way golden means of the Confucian school of can selecting and remain, as second layer major branch, removes the competitive branch that unnecessary growing way is strong, and the spreading angle of adjusting three second layer major branches selecting and remain is 50-60 degree, balance growing way.The branch that the growing way that 3 major branch bottoms are sent out is weak, in the situation that not affecting major branch growth and interlayer ventilation and penetrating light, can retain and get rid of year after year and put as interim fruit bearing shoot, and when affecting illumination or whole tree amount, branch enough used times of amount, then row removes.To the ground floor major branch top chief's who selects and remain spring shoot, each ground floor major branch is all selected and remain the straight branch of direction as ground floor major branch elongated shoot, other prosperous stool is all removed from base portion, only retain the extremely weak branch that 1-2 direction position is applicable to, to keep the growing way of ground floor major branch elongated shoot; To the shoot being sent out after spring incised wound or saw wound, adopt to the method for the branch of hanging oneself and strengthen growth potential, make its as early as possible with other ground floor major branch growing way balance, after balance, adopt in time by method spreading angles such as branches to 50-60 degree, and prevent from base portion splitting; To the treelet of heavy cutting back in spring, according to (2) article in the management of First Year " selection of the dry branch in center and the cultivation of ground floor branch ", cultivate.
(3) rich water quality management: the individual plant weak to growing way can water in conjunction with arid, and every strain imposes urea or potassium sulfate type high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.2-0.5 kilogram before July.The individual plant stronger to growing way, does not impose fertilizer summer.Autumn basal dressing: September 20 is to October 20, continues to use the fertilizer that mixes that biological organic fertilizer mixes by the part by weight of 3:1 with potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to growing way is weak to the slightly strong plant of the golden mean of the Confucian school, adopts radial canal shape to use, and 1-2 kilogram expects in strain application of mixed fertilizers.To the strong difficult individual plant that becomes to spend of growing way, can not apply fertilizer or only use a small amount of biological organic fertilizer (slow, underground control on the ground), generally according to individual plant growing way, execute biological organic fertilizer 0-1 kilogram.
3, the management of the 3rd year:
(1) before germinateing spring, to the ground floor of having selected and remain and second layer major branch, according to the strong and weak continuation adjustment of growing way spreading angle, it is 50-60 degree, to the major branch a little less than growing way, can first adjust angle is 30-50 degree, after growing way balance, spreading angle is to 50-60 degree again, and the elongated shoot of all major branches not cutting back, broken head without exception, to the shoot that on ground floor major branch, Second Year is sent out, continue to retain thin and delicate branch, remove strong prosperous branch, competitive branch.The dry branch in center that Second Year is selected and remain, according to the growing way of ground floor major branch and second layer major branch, cuts and stays 0.8-1 rice, on full bud top, carries out cutting back, and object is the dry growing way in the each major branch of balance and center, and keeps tree body slightly upper strong.
(2) June, to new branch after the dry branch in cutting back in spring center, the branch that the top growing way of selecting and remain is strong is done branch as center, and be strapped on bamboo bar, all the other new branch quantity exceed 3, the branch of 3 the growing way golden means of the Confucian school of selecting and remain is made the 3rd layer of major branch, removes the competitive branch that unnecessary growing way is strong, and the spreading angle of adjusting 3 the 3rd layer of major branches selecting and remain is 50-60 degree; The branch that the growing way that 3 major branch bottoms are sent out is weak, in the situation that not affecting major branch growth and interlayer ventilation and penetrating light, can retain and get rid of year after year and put as interim fruit bearing shoot, and when affecting illumination or whole tree amount, branch enough used times of amount, then row removes.To ground floor and the second layer major branch top chief's shoot, each major branch is all selected and remain the straight branch of direction as major branch elongated shoot, other prosperous stool is all removed from base portion, only retain the extremely weak branch that 1-2 direction position is applicable to, to keep the growing way of each major branch elongated shoot; To the weak branch chief's who stays spring elongated shoot and branch: select and remain a direction and the applicable branch continued growth of growing way that growing way is more prosperous, all the other remove without exception, and the weak next year treated of growing way is processed spring again.
(3) rich water quality management: same Second Year.
4, the management of the 4th year:
(1) before germinateing spring, it is 50-60 degree that first, second and third layer of major branch of selecting and remain continued to adjust spreading angle, balance growing way, make its rugosity be less than 1/3 of the dry branch in inserted part center, remove strong prosperous two side shoots on competitive branch and each major branch at each major branch elongated shoot rear portion, strong prosperous back branch and overstocked branch, make the rugosity of the each branch on each major branch all be less than 1/3 of its inserted part major branch rugosity, to each branch on each major branch, all retain one and take the lead branch adjust direction, continue to get rid of and put and uniaxial extension, remove unnecessary branching.To the dry branch in center can be according to tree vigo(u)r strong and weak and upper and lower strong and weak ratio cut and stay 80-100 centimetre keeping omiting on strong basis.
(2), after June, large cherry gathered, the dry secateurs in center in spring is stayed to the rear chief's shoot, the strong prosperous branch in top of selecting and remain is as the dry branch in center, retains 3 golden mean of the Confucian school branches as the 4th layer of major branch and to adjust spreading angle be 50-60 degree, removes competitive branch; To ground floor, the second layer and the 3rd layer of major branch top chief's shoot, each major branch is all selected and remain the straight branch of direction as major branch elongated shoot, remove all branches beyond the weak branch of depolarization, the branch at each major branch rear portion is continued to remove strong prosperous back branch, strong prosperous two side shoots, interior thorax be in the light branch and unnecessary skirt branch etc.
(3), rich water quality management: growing way a little less than, Yi Chenghua, the kind that fruit-setting rate is high has formed output, at fruit development period, in conjunction with the strain of watering, execute high potassium type quick-acting fertilizer 0.5-1 kilogram, the kind that growing way is stronger is not applied fertilizer, autumn is during basal dressing, growing way is relaxed, a large amount of one-tenth flowers, the kind that fruit-setting rate is high, suitably strengthen the amount of application of fertilizer and composite fertilizer, and enrich middle trace element fertilizer, that is: use mixed fertilizer, described mixed fertilizer is fertilizer, composite fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer mix by the part by weight of 4:1:0.5, adopt radial canal shape to apply mixed fertilizer, strain application of mixed fertilizers material 2-3 kilogram, to growing way strong difficult become the individual plant of flower execute can Shaoshi or do not apply fertilizer, be generally 0-1 kilogram,
5, the 5th year and later management in 5 years:
(1) growing way a little less than, the kind of Yi Chenghua starts to enter the just full bearing period on the 5th year, except continuing (1) in the employing management of the 4th year, article (2) two, outside the trimming and finishing method of recording in, growing way is relaxed, a large amount of one-tenth flowers, the kind that fruit-setting rate is high, when the year increment of the elongated shoot of each major branch is delayed to 55-65 centimetre, before germinateing start each major branch elongated shoot of every one deck to weigh cutting back spring, the dry branch in Bing Dui center falls on happy supreme three major branches that stay for a year, annual maintenance major branch elongated shoot all reaches more than 55-65 centimetre later, while not reaching, will in time major branch be extended to end of the branch retraction cuts to Second Year or the 3rd year raw position, to keep new long elongated shoot year increment at 55-65 centimetre, the dry branch in Bing Jiang center falls head to the 3rd layer to the 4th layer major branch, to on each major branch raw fruit branch, because getting rid of, single shaft for many years puts, formed a large amount of bouquet shape fruit branches, extremely weak branch and heavy long shoot are bounced back in time, make Quan Shuhua amount suitable, tree vigo(u)r stalwartness is slightly strong, reach fruit individual large, the object that output is high.
(2) strong to growing way, difficult one-tenth flower, the kind that fruit-setting rate is low, continue to adopt mitigation tree vigo(u)r, not cutting back of each major branch uniaxial extension, the not trim mode of broken head, the dry branch in center stays 60-70 centimetre every year, continue upwards to stay every year one deck branch, until cut, be left to layer 6 major branch, the lower amount of application of controlling nitrogenous fertilizer in combination, when the elongated shoot year increment of each major branch is delayed to 30 centimetres of left and right, all kinds of buds of a large amount of formation of full tree, tree vigo(u)r obviously relaxes on the weak side, before germinateing spring, start each major branch elongated shoot to adopt cutting back pruning, the major branch top that dry of the Bing Jiang center head that falls forms for happy supreme 1 year.Work as large result, fruit starts to diminish, when tree vigo(u)r is more weak, want timely cutting back, each major branch is bounced back and cut to Second Year, the 3rd year raw position, happily to the of the head four layers of major branch top that fall, dry of Bing Jiang center, and remain the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, really large, high yield.
(3) rich water quality management: growing way is relaxed, a large amount of one-tenth flowers, the kind that fruit-setting rate is high, increase autumn basal dressing quantity, basal dressing during 20-October 20 September, adopt radial canal shape to apply mixed fertilizer, described mixed fertilizer is fertilizer, composite fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer mix by the part by weight of 4:1:0.5, strain application of mixed fertilizers material 4-5 kilogram, Second Year is before blooming spring, adopt the radial method that imposes to impose Gao Jia type composite fertilizer or Xie Huahou and in conjunction with watering, impose the quick-acting punchings fertilisings of high potassium type, every strain imposes Gao Jia type composite fertilizer or the quick-acting punching fertilising of high potassium type 1-2 kilogram.More prosperous to tree vigo(u)r, difficult one-tenth flower, the kind that fruit-setting rate is low, before and after the florescence and fruit harvesting water on a small quantity as last, do not topdress, when entering the full bearing period, can thank spend after, tree vigo(u)r situation how many according to bearing fruit, determine to impose quick-acting fertilizer number (in conjunction with watering).Generally, during 20-October 20 September, the mixed fertilizer that application of organic fertilizers, composite fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer mix by the part by weight of 4:1:0.5,0-2 kilogram (to more prosperous not the applying fertilizer of tree vigo(u)r) executed in every strain, when large cherry is set a large amount of Cheng Huahou, at Xie Huahou, impose 0-2 kilogram, high potassium type quick-acting fertilizer (few tree is not applied fertilizer to bearing fruit).Just trees in richful production period, tree vigo(u)r is more healthy and stronger, after fruit picking, can not apply fertilizer.
The solid fertilizer of described fertilizer, composite fertilizer and trace element fertilizer (or middle trace element fertilizer) for directly buying on market.
Claims (3)
1. a pruning administrative skill for large cherry tree, is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:
(1), selection of seedling: select large cherry seedling grafting mouth above highly for 80-150 centimetre, robust growth, the above 20-50 centimeters of grafting mouth eye is full, nothing is worn and torn, do not fall or summer that scarce bud, root system are complete or the one year seedling of spring grafting, stock is folium isatidis kind, nursery stock be go out garden mid or late November to early December through heat and moisture preserving processing, store sth. in a cellar seedling completely;
(2), field planting:
(1), before field planting, on ground, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, every mu organic fertilizer 200-500 kilogram, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50-100 kilogram, deep ploughing is digged, and active soil stratum is reached more than 40 centimetres;
(2), field planting: spacing in the rows is 2.5-3.5 rice, and line-spacing is 3.5-4.5 rice, and the field planting time is before spring, soil germinateed to large cherry tree after thawing;
(3), during field planting, first in planting pit, apply 0.1-0.3 kilogram of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, in microbial-bacterial fertilizer and cave, soil is planted after mixing thoroughly again, and the depth of planting will reach grafting part 0-10 centimetre above ground level;
(3), tree-like cultivation and fertilising:
(1), the management of First Year:
1.. fixed dry: heading height is 30-50 centimetre, the surely dry time is 5-20 days before seedling bud is sprouted, and under fixed dry clip and clip, the distance of the first bud is greater than 1 centimetre;
2.. the selection of the dry branch in center and the cultivation of ground floor major branch: when young sprout grows to 25-35 centimetre, select vigorous, the upright young sprout of topmost growth as the dry branch in center, the other slotting thick 2-3 centimetre of every strain, is highly greater than the bamboo bar of 3 meters, and dry the center of nursery stock and selection branch is strapped on bamboo bar; Regulating the angle between the dry branch of the second bud branch, San Yazhiyu center is 60 degree, by the angle between dry to bottom branch adjustment and center branch, is 50-60 degree, as ground floor major branch, its rugosity be less than that inserted part center does 1/3;
3.. rich water quality management: the 20-7 month in May 20 after Survival rate of nursery stock, in conjunction with watering or raining, on ground, spread fertilizer over the fields urea or ditch spread potassium sulfate type high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 2-3 time, each every strain fertilizing amount is 0.05-0.1 kilogram, September 20 is to basal dressing on October 20, described base manure is the mixed fertilizer mixing by the weight ratio of 3:1 with biological organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, adopts radiation ditch spread or 0.5-1 kilogram/strain of hole application of mixed fertilizers material;
(2), the management of Second Year:
1.. the pruning before germinate spring: the treelet that the center dry branch length of selecting and remain for First Year is greater than 1 meter, the ground floor major branch that First Year is selected and remain retains 3-5, and its spreading angle and direction are adjusted in continuation, control spreading angle at 50-60 degree, during pruning, the dry branch in cutting back center, on surely dry clip, 1-1.3 rice is chosen in full bud top and cuts and cut, cutting backs not of ground floor major branch; Ground floor is retained to the plant of 3 major branches of less than, more than surely dry clip or below on the dry branch in 20 centimetres of Nei centers, select full bud, with scissors cross cut two cuttves above full bud, the degree of depth will reach xylem, and the bark between two cuttves is removed, and making it form centre wide is 0.3 centimetre, biapiculate peeling incised wound, the half cycle of the dry branch in center that skinner length is cut position, or hinder with cutting the branch saw saw that directly saw reaches xylem, Qie Rao center dry branch half cycle deeply above the full bud of selecting; The treelet that the center dry branch length of selecting and remain for First Year is less than 1 meter, the dry branch in the center that First Year is retained and ground floor major branch all weigh cutting back: the dry branch in center retains 15-25 centimetre of cutting back, and ground floor major branch retains 5-10 centimetre of cutting back;
2.. summer management: to spring growing way good, ground floor major branch is the treelet of cutting back not, to new branch after the dry branch in cutting back in spring center, the strong branch of top one growing way that continues June to select and remain is done branch as center, and be strapped on bamboo bar, all the other new branch quantity exceed 3, and the branch of 3 the growing way golden means of the Confucian school of selecting and remain is made second layer major branch, remove the competitive branch that unnecessary growing way is strong, and the spreading angle of adjusting 3 second layer major branches selecting and remain is 50-60 degree; To the ground floor major branch top chief's who selects and remain spring shoot, each ground floor major branch is all selected and remain the straight branch of direction as ground floor major branch elongated shoot, other prosperous stool is all removed from base portion, only retain 1-2 extremely weak branch, to keep the growing way of ground floor major branch elongated shoot; To the shoot being sent out after spring incised wound or saw wound, adopt to the method for the branch of hanging oneself and strengthen growth potential, make its as early as possible with other ground floor major branch growing way balance, after balance, timely spreading angle is to 50-60 degree; To the treelet of heavy cutting back in spring, according to the in the management of First Year 2. article " selection of the dry branch in a center and cultivation for ground floor major branch " cultivate;
3.. rich water quality management: the individual plant weak to growing way, before July, every strain imposes urea or potassium sulfate type high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.2-0.5 kilogram, and the strong individual plant of growing way is not imposed to fertilizer summer; Fertilizer In Autumn base manure: September 20 was to October 20, weak to the slightly strong individual plant of the golden mean of the Confucian school to growing way, use the fertilizer that mixes that biological organic fertilizer mixes by the part by weight of 3:1 with potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, Mei Zhu application of mixed fertilizers material 1-2 kilogram, to the strong difficult individual plant that becomes to spend of growing way, biological organic fertilizer 0-1 kilogram is executed in every strain;
(3), the management of the 3rd year:
1.. before germinateing spring, ground floor major branch and second layer major branch that the first two year selected and remain, continuing to adjust spreading angle is 50-60 degree, neither cutting back of the elongated shoot of all major branches, in ground floor major branch, the shoot that Second Year is sent out, continue to retain thin and delicate branch, remove prosperous branch and competitive branch, the dry branch in the center that Second Year is selected and remain, retains 0.8-1 rice and carries out cutting back on full bud top;
2. .6 month, to new branch after the dry branch in cutting back in spring center, the branch that the top growing way of selecting and remain is strong is done branch as center, and be strapped on bamboo bar, all the other new branch quantity exceed 3, the branch of 3 the growing way golden means of the Confucian school of selecting and remain is made the 3rd layer of major branch, removes the competitive branch that unnecessary growing way is strong, and the spreading angle of adjusting 3 the 3rd layer of major branches selecting and remain is 50-60 degree; To ground floor and the second layer major branch top chief's shoot, each major branch is all selected and remain the straight branch of direction as major branch elongated shoot, other prosperous stool is all removed from base portion, only retain the extremely weak branch that 1-2 direction position is applicable to, to keep the growing way of each major branch elongated shoot;
3.. rich water quality management: same Second Year;
(4), the management of the 4th year:
1.. before germinateing spring, first, second and third layer of major branch of selecting and remain continued to adjust spreading angle at 50-60 degree, balance growing way, make its rugosity be less than 1/3 of the dry branch in inserted part center, remove the strong prosperous back branch on competitive branch and each major branch at each major branch elongated shoot rear portion, strong prosperous two side shoots and overstocked branch, make the rugosity of each branch on each major branch all be less than 1/3 of inserted part major branch rugosity, to each branch on each major branch, all retain one and take the lead branch, continue to get rid of and put and uniaxial extension, the dry secateurs in center is stayed to 80-100 centimetre;
2. after .6 month large cherry is gathered, the dry secateurs in center in spring is stayed to the rear chief's shoot, the strong prosperous branch in the top of selecting and remain is as the dry branch in center, retains 3 golden mean of the Confucian school branches as the 4th layer of major branch and to adjust spreading angle be 50-60 degree, removes competitive branch; To ground floor, the second layer and the 3rd layer of major branch top chief's shoot, each major branch is all selected and remain the straight branch of direction as major branch elongated shoot, remove all branches beyond the weak branch of depolarization, the branch at each major branch rear portion is continued to remove strong prosperous back branch, strong prosperous two side shoots, interior thorax be in the light branch and unnecessary skirt branch;
3.. rich water quality management: growing way is weak, Yi Chenghua, kind that fruit-setting rate is high have formed output, at fruit development period, in conjunction with the strain of watering, execute high potassium type quick-acting fertilizer 0.5-1 kilogram, the kind that growing way is stronger is not applied fertilizer, autumn is during basal dressing, to the kind that growing way relaxes, a large amount of one-tenth is spent, fruit-setting rate is high, use mixed fertilizer, described mixed fertilizer is that fertilizer, composite fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer mix by the part by weight of 4:1:0.5, strain application of mixed fertilizers material 2-3 kilogram, executes 0-1 kilogram to the strong difficult individual plant that becomes to spend of growing way;
(5), the 5th year and later management in 5 years:
1.. growing way a little less than, the kind of Yi Chenghua starts to enter the just full bearing period on the 5th year, except continuing to adopt the in the management of the 4th year 1., 2. outside the trimming and finishing method of recording in two, growing way is relaxed, a large amount of one-tenth flowers, the kind that fruit-setting rate is high, when each major branch elongated shoot year increment is delayed to 55-65 centimetre, before germinateing start each major branch elongated shoot of every one deck to weigh cutting back spring, the dry branch in Bing Dui center falls on happy supreme three major branches that stay for a year, annual maintenance major branch elongated shoot all reaches more than 55-65 centimetre later, while not reaching, will in time major branch be extended to end of the branch retraction cuts to Second Year or the 3rd year raw position, to keep new long elongated shoot year increment at 55-65 centimetre, the dry branch in Bing Jiang center falls head to the 3rd layer to the 4th layer major branch,
2.. to the kind that strong, the difficult one-tenth of growing way is spent, fruit-setting rate is low, continue to adopt the not trim mode of cutting back of each major branch uniaxial extension, the dry branch in center is cut every year and is stayed 60-70 centimetre, until cut, be left to layer 6 major branch, when each major branch elongated shoot year increment is delayed to 30 centimetres, before germinateing spring, start each major branch elongated shoot to adopt cutting back pruning the major branch top that dry of the Bing Jiang center head that falls forms for happy supreme 1 year; Work as large result, when fruit starts to diminish, each major branch is bounced back and cut to Second Year or the 3rd year raw position, happily to the of the head four layers of major branch top that fall, dry of Bing Jiang center;
3.. rich water quality management: the kind colored to a large amount of one-tenth, fruit-setting rate is high, basal dressing during 20-October 20 September, adopt radial canal shape to apply mixed fertilizer, described mixed fertilizer is that fertilizer, composite fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer mix by the part by weight of 4:1:0.5, strain application of mixed fertilizers material 4-5 kilogram, Second Year bloom spring before the radial Gao Jia of imposing type composite fertilizer or Xie Huahou in conjunction with watering, impose the quick-acting punchings fertilisings of high potassium type, every strain imposes Gao Jia type composite fertilizer or the quick-acting punchings fertilising of high potassium type 1-2 kilogram; To the kind that difficulty becomes to spend, fruit-setting rate is low, during 20-October 20 September, the mixed fertilizer that application of organic fertilizers, composite fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer mix by the part by weight of 4:1:0.5, every strain 0-2 kilogram, when large cherry is set a large amount of Cheng Huahou, at Xie Huahou, impose high potassium type quick-acting fertilizer 0-2 kilogram.
2. according to the pruning administrative skill of large cherry tree claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the management of Second Year, before germinateing the spring the in 1. article, for guaranteeing that ground floor major branch quantity reaches 3-5, two full buds of set direction at each scarce branch hurt or saw wound at an upper portion thereof, if these two buds are all sent out branch, at Second Year, select a direction, position, the better branch of growing way to retain spring, another branch removes, maybe this branch is evened up and got rid of and put as interim fruit bearing shoot.
3. according to the pruning administrative skill of large cherry tree claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the management of Second Year, in summer management in 2. article, branch a little less than the growing way that 3 major branch bottoms are sent out, do not affecting under the condition of major branch growth and interlayer ventilation and penetrating light, retain and get rid of and put year after year, as interim fruit bearing shoot, when affecting illumination, removing.
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| CN107232006A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-10-10 | 界首市大自然养殖专业合作社 | It is a kind of to solve the low method of car li fruit-setting rate |
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| CN107567934A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-12 | 聊城大学 | A kind of pruning administrative skill of large cherry tree |
| CN107996249A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-08 | 阜阳市鸿业生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of administrative skill after peach fruit harvesting |
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