CN106577142A - High-efficiency purple plum cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular to a high-efficiency purple plum cultivation method. The high-efficiency purple plum cultivation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: 1, selecting nursery stock; 2, digging big holes for planting; 3, performing planting; 4, performing pollinating; 5, performing reasonable pruning; 6, performing fruit thinning; 7, performing fertilizer and water management; and 8, performing watering. According to the purple plum cultivation method disclosed by the invention, due to reasonable field planting, soil and fertilizer management, pruning and disease prevention and treatment measures, the amount of fruits on purple plum trees is large, the quantity of plant diseases and insect pests is small, the size of the fruits is large, and the yield is high.

Description

A kind of efficient cultivation method of purple Lee

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of plant growing technical field, more particularly to a kind of efficient cultivation method of purple Lee.

Background technology

Fructus Pruni salicinae is the fruit of rosaceous plant Japanese plum, another name good Ying Zi, cloth continuous heavy rain, Fructus Pruni salicinae, Jade Emperor Lee, mountain Fructus Pruni salicinae, 7～8 Ripe between month, full mellow and full, exquisitely carved, form is pretty and dazzling, and taste is sweet, is one of favorite fruit of people, all over the world Extensively cultivation.

But existing Japanese plum cultural method is more extensive, the inadequate system of planting technology causes the yield of Fructus Pruni salicinae relatively low.

The content of the invention

For defect present in prior art or deficiency, the technical problem to be solved is：There is provided a kind of purple The efficient cultivation method of Lee, to solve the problems, such as that existing Japanese plum yields poorly.

To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is to provide a kind of efficient cultivation method of purple Lee, bag Include following steps：

Step 1：Nursery stock is chosen, to select 2-3 to give birth to the seedlings strong sprout of no disease and pests harm, trunk is healthy and strong, has many at backbone 40-60cm Individual branch, side shoot is evenly distributed, and one-sided root system is not healthy and strong, and fibrous root is more, and root system unfolds not curled, and nursery stock interface is all healed Close, nursery stock of the graft union less than base portion 20cm, band soil ball plant, the general 35-40cm of soil ball, or carry the previous year in nursery vacation Plant cultivation nursery stock, the woven bag 40cm × 50cm for heeling in, woven bag soil and fertilizer ratio 2：1, the high quality seedling for selecting 1-2 to give birth to It is planted in woven bag, selects tree-like good nursery stock to move bag plant in Second Year；Also 2 years raw Lee of growing directly from seeds, Second Year grafting can be planted；

Step 2：Hollow place plant is dug, the planting pit of 1m square is dug in the fall, cheating interior one layer of pad about

30cm thick crop material and weeds fallen leaves, shovel table soil and weeds straw etc. are inserted in hole during cultivation, often cheat that to apply 50kg again excellent Matter fertilizer, Special fruit tree composite fertilizer 1.5kg；

Step 3：Plant, is advisable with the plant of first arrival the first tenday period of a month in April, and seeding row spacing is advisable with 2.5m × 2.5m, 2.5m × 3m and 3m × 3m；

Step 4：Configuration pollination, plants a certain proportion of pollinated variety tree, and pollinated variety is with main breed with 1：2 or 1：3 are advisable；

Step 5：Rationally pruning, purple Lee is mainly happy shape, and after staying two layers of major branch, 3-4 major branch of ground floor, the second layer is stayed Two major branches, the second layer most go up look on a major branch it is happy at the big branch of angle changing rate；

Step 6：Fruit thinning, in the first tenday period of a month in May fruit thinning is started, and to be stayed big fruit, vigorous branches fruit and be rectified fruit, removes fruitlet, malformed fruit and disease Wormed fruit；

Step 7：Rich water quality management, control base manure, topdress, foliage spray；

Step 8：Water, whole year waters 7 times, Hua Qianshui, Hua Houshui, young fruit water, Fruit water, water before harvesting, after autumn water, freezes Water.

As a further improvement on the present invention, the reasonable pruning of the step 5 includes that purple Lee cuts and purple Li Xia fall prunings in the winter； Purple Lee's purple Lee cuts in the winter, the pruning of treelet and firstfruits tree：Purple Li Youshu and firstfruits tree growth potential are prosperous, and branch is more disorderly Disorderly, prune on the basis of whole good tree-shaped, cutting back is taken to raw prolongation branch and strong developmental branch then, cut off the 1/3 of branch； Its underpart is set to send the brachyplast with bud, a branch is only selected and remain one and extends branch, and remaining unnecessary branch is removed from base portion, as a result Slow the putting of branch is not taken the lead, and remaining vigorous branches, prosperous branch, auxiliary support branch draw branch, delay and put or prune off according to the angle of branch；

The summer fall pruning of purple Lee；Purple Li Youshu and the pruning of firstfruits tree：The tree growth of purple Li Youshu and firstfruits is vigorous, 6-7 months open the angle of bough using the method for drawing branch, relax the nutrient growth of branch so as to convert in terms of reproductive growth, Bud is formed, result is done sth. in advance with profit；For too strong major branch, suitably carry out band girdle and ring is carved, tree vigo(u)r is relaxed with profit, increase and produce Amount.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The implantation methods of purple Lee of the invention, it passes through rational field planting, Soil and fertilizer management, repaiies Cut and diseases prevention and treatment measure, it is ensured that the purple Japanese plum amount of bearing fruit is big, and pest and disease damage is few, fruit is big, yield is high.

Specific embodiment

With reference to explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is further described；

The present invention provides a kind of efficient cultivation method of purple Lee, comprises the following steps：

Step 1：Choose nursery stock：2-3 is selected to give birth to the seedlings strong sprout of no disease and pests harm, trunk is healthy and strong, has many at backbone 40-60cm Individual branch, side shoot is evenly distributed, not one-sided, with profit it is whole go out it is rationally tree-like；Root system is healthy and strong, and fibrous root is more, and root system is unfolded and do not rolled up Song, nursery stock interface all healed, nursery stock of the graft union less than base portion 20cm；Band soil ball plant, the general 35-40cm of soil ball, or Carry the previous year nursery heel in cultivation nursery stock, the woven bag 40cm × 50cm for heeling in, woven bag soil and fertilizer ratio 2：1, Select the high quality seedling that 1-2 gives birth to be planted in woven bag, select tree-like good nursery stock to move bag plant in Second Year；Also life in 2 years can be planted Lee of growing directly from seeds, Second Year grafting；

Step 2：Dig hollow place plant：The planting pit of 1m square is dug in the fall, one layer of about 30cm of the pad thick crop material in hole With weeds fallen leaves, shovel table soil and weeds straw etc. are inserted in hole during cultivation, are often cheated and are applied 50kg high-quality fertilizers, fruit tree specific complex again Fertile 1.5kg；

Step 3：It is advisable with the plant of first arrival the first tenday period of a month in April, seeding row spacing is advisable with 2.5m × 2.5m, 2.5m × 3m and 3m × 3m；

Step:4：Configuration pollination：Purple Japanese plum self-flowering fruiting power is not strong, and a certain proportion of pollinated variety tree must be planted during building well, Pollinated variety is with main breed with 1：2 or 1：3 are advisable, and pollinated variety is Jade Emperor Lee, peaceful red Lee, crystal sugar Lee and Sui thin silk fabric Lee；

Step 5：Rationally pruning：In Baotou Area, NeiMongol, purple Lee is mainly happy shape, after staying two layers of major branch, ground floor 3-4 major branch, the second layer stays two major branches, the second layer most go up look on a major branch it is happy at the big branch of angle changing rate；

Purple Lee's winter cuts；Purple Li Youshu and the pruning of firstfruits tree：Purple Li Youshu and firstfruits tree growth potential are prosperous, and branch is more disorderly Disorderly, prune on the basis of whole good tree-shaped, cutting back is taken to raw prolongation branch and strong developmental branch then, cut off the 1/3 of branch； Its underpart is set to send the brachyplast with bud, a branch is only selected and remain one and extends branch, and remaining unnecessary branch is removed from base portion, as a result Slow the putting of branch is not taken the lead, and remaining vigorous branches, prosperous branch, auxiliary support branch draw branch, delay and put or prune off according to the angle of branch；

The purple Japanese plum best fruiting period prunes：After purple lijin enters the best fruiting period, tree vigo(u)r is gradually weak；Vigorous branches, back branch should now be stayed more, raised Twig angle, above carries pressure off, the prolongation branch weight cutting back to master branches at different levels；To withered branch, intersect branch, descending branch, aging lopwood, Withered branch, weak long shoot, sick branch etc. are pruned off, with sharp ventilation printing opacity；Young sprout takes length next year to prune after putting, put with sparse branching, length, Based on cutting back and retraction, height of tree control is advisable in 2-2.5m；

The summer fall pruning of purple Lee；Purple Li Youshu and the pruning of firstfruits tree：The tree growth of purple Li Youshu and firstfruits is vigorous, in 6-7 Month opens the angle of bough using the method for drawing branch, relaxes the nutrient growth of branch so as to convert in terms of reproductive growth, is formed Bud, with profit result is done sth. in advance；For too strong major branch, suitably carry out band girdle and ring is carved, tree vigo(u)r is relaxed with profit, increase yield；

The purple Japanese plum best fruiting period prunes：Purple Lee grows the busy season in June, and shoot growth amount is big, and tree crown is strongly fragrant to be covered, branch is disorderly, interior thorax Thin and weak branch increases, the branch of excessive growth of back is also more；Therefore planned must continue to employ or remove, to the descendant without value It is thinning out；

Purple Japanese plum autumn prunes：Japanese plum autumn carries out extending the pinching of branch, and branch is enriched in control growth；

Step 6：Fruit thinning：Due to climate reasons, purple Lee easily forms biennial fruiting local, therefore in good year, every year on May Ten days starts fruit thinning, to stay big fruit, vigorous branches fruit and rectify fruit, removes fruitlet, malformed fruit and disease pest fruit, and yield is controlled in 2 000-2 500kg/667m2；

Step 7：Rich water quality management：Base manure；It is annual in mid or late September basal dressing, apply 50kg for per plant and become thoroughly decomposed high-quality fertilizer（It is local with Based on sheep stool）, with wide 50cm, the semicircle ditch spread of depth 30-40cm, fertilizer is mixed thoroughly with soil, and the orientation that staggers every year is repeated fertilising, does To jin fruit jin fertilizer；

Topdress；Annual combination is watered and is topdressed 3 times, early April（Hua Qianfei）, quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer is applied, per plant is applied 0.5kg, mid-May （Hua Houfei）Apply compound fertilizer, every plant of 0.5kg, mid-June（The pit stone phase）, per Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.5kg；Fertilizing method is in tree Radial furrow 5-8 bars are dug in disk, deep 10-15cm grows to tree disk side, applies rear earthing and water；

Foliage spray；Every year in Growing season（Mid-May-mid-June）Spray 2 foliage fertilizers；

Step 8；Water；Whole year waters 7 times, Hua Qianshui（Early April）, Hua Houshui（At the beginning of 5 months）, young fruit water（Late May）, fruit Expand water（Mid-June）, water before harvesting（Mid-July, according to rainfall, many this water of rainfall are just without pouring）, water after autumn（September The last ten-days period）, freeze water（At the beginning of 11 months）；In Inner Mongolia of China, spring early summer is short of rain, should water more, and 7 the middle ten days-late August should Control is watered；

Above content is to combine specific preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert this It is bright to be embodied as being confined to these explanations；For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, do not taking off On the premise of present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the protection of the present invention Scope.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of efficient cultivation method of purple Lee, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：

Step 1：Nursery stock is chosen, to select 2-3 to give birth to the seedlings strong sprout of no disease and pests harm, trunk is healthy and strong, has many at backbone 40-60cm Individual branch, side shoot is evenly distributed, and one-sided root system is not healthy and strong, and fibrous root is more, and root system unfolds not curled, and nursery stock interface is all healed Close, nursery stock of the graft union less than base portion 20cm, band soil ball plant, the general 35-40cm of soil ball, or carry the previous year in nursery vacation Plant cultivation nursery stock, the woven bag 40cm × 50cm for heeling in, woven bag soil and fertilizer ratio 2：1, the high quality seedling for selecting 1-2 to give birth to It is planted in woven bag, selects tree-like good nursery stock to move bag plant in Second Year；Also 2 years raw Lee of growing directly from seeds, Second Year grafting can be planted；

Step 2：Hollow place plant is dug, the planting pit of 1m square is dug in the fall, cheating interior one layer of pad about

30cm thick crop material and weeds fallen leaves, shovel table soil and weeds straw etc. are inserted in hole during cultivation, often cheat that to apply 50kg again excellent Matter fertilizer, Special fruit tree composite fertilizer 1.5kg；

Step 3：Plant, is advisable with the plant of first arrival the first tenday period of a month in April, and seeding row spacing is advisable with 2.5m × 2.5m, 2.5m × 3m and 3m × 3m；

Step 4：Configuration pollination, plants a certain proportion of pollinated variety tree, and pollinated variety is with main breed with 1：2 or 1：3 are advisable；

Step 5：Rationally pruning, purple Lee is mainly happy shape, and after staying two layers of major branch, 3-4 major branch of ground floor, the second layer is stayed Two major branches, the second layer most go up look on a major branch it is happy at the big branch of angle changing rate；

Step 6：Fruit thinning, in the first tenday period of a month in May fruit thinning is started, and to be stayed big fruit, vigorous branches fruit and be rectified fruit, removes fruitlet, malformed fruit and disease Wormed fruit；

Step 7：Rich water quality management, control base manure, topdress, foliage spray；

Step 8：Water, whole year waters 7 times, Hua Qianshui, Hua Houshui, young fruit water, Fruit water, water before harvesting, after autumn water, freezes Water.

2. the efficient cultivation method of purple Lee according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The reasonable shaping of the step 5 is repaiied Cut and cut in the winter and purple Li Xia fall prunings including purple Lee；Purple Lee's purple Lee cuts in the winter, the pruning of treelet and firstfruits tree：Purple Li Youshu and just Bearing-age tree growth potential is prosperous, and branch is more disorderly, prunes on the basis of whole good tree-shaped, and to raw then branch and strong development are extended Branch takes cutting back, cuts off the 1/3 of branch；Its underpart is set to send the brachyplast with bud, a branch is only selected and remain one and extends branch, its Remaining unnecessary branch is removed from base portion, and slow the putting of fruitful branch is not taken the lead, and remaining vigorous branches, prosperous branch, auxiliary support branch are drawn branch, delayed according to the angle of branch Put or prune off；

The summer fall pruning of purple Lee；Purple Li Youshu and the pruning of firstfruits tree：The tree growth of purple Li Youshu and firstfruits is vigorous, 6-7 months open the angle of bough using the method for drawing branch, relax the nutrient growth of branch so as to convert in terms of reproductive growth, Bud is formed, result is done sth. in advance with profit；For too strong major branch, suitably carry out band girdle and ring is carved, tree vigo(u)r is relaxed with profit, increase and produce Amount.