CN104521670A - High-yield cultivation method for plums - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for plums. The method includes the steps of 1. selection and preparation of land, wherein deep, loose and fertile soil with good drainage is selected; 2. seedling selection, wherein high-quality saplings of pure varieties, having strong roots and full sprouts and being free of pest and disease damage, are selected; 3. plantation, wherein the saplings are planted in planting pits, and then watered and covered with soil, and 100-120 saplings are planted per mu; 4. nutrient and water management, wherein young trees of 1-2 years are fertilized once a month from sprouting to seven months, base fertilizer is applied once from nine months to ten months, and full-grown trees of over three years are fertilized three times a year; 5. pruning, wherein the natural open centre shape is adopted for pruning in the pruning modes of extending pruning and shoot thinning; 6. field management, wherein pit enlarging, deep tillage, and turning over of green manure are conducted every autumn, and root distribution is improved in a deepened mode. The high-yield cultivation method is more suitable for plum growth, lays a solid foundation for later growth of plums, and increases yield. Plums are good in quality and wonderful in taste, and economic benefit is improved.

Description

A kind of high-yield cultivating method of plum

Technical field

The present invention relates to fruit tree cultivation technical field, particularly relate to a kind of high-yield cultivating method of plum.

Background technology

Plum is the fruit of rosaceous plant Japanese plum, another name in Jiaqing, cloth continuous heavy rain, plum, Jade Emperor Lee, mountain plum.Ripe between 7 ~ August, full mellow and full, exquisitely carved, form is pretty and dazzling, and taste is sweet, extensively cultivates all over the world.Plum taste acid, the secretion of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice and peptic digest enzyme can be promoted, and can gastrointestinal peristalsis be promoted, and be improved appetite, promote digestion effect, especially to gastric anacidity, food after glutted, constipation person is effective.The amino acid such as serine, glycine, proline, glutamine in fresh Lee's meat, has the effect of inducing diuresis to reduce edema, has adjuvant treatment effect to cirrhosis.Containing multiple nutritional components in plum, the effect have skin maintenance, lubricating the skin and muscle, in plum, high surprising of oxidation preventive content, is rated as " the super fruit " of anti-ageing, anti-disease.But at present for the plantation family of plum, a kind of method also lacking system increases the output of plum under the prerequisite not affecting plum quality, thus increases economic efficiency.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of high-yield cultivating method of plum, more meet the growth needs of plum, for the growth of later stage plum is laid a solid foundation, improve output, plum quality better, mouthfeel rod, improves economic benefit.

The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A high-yield cultivating method for plum, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of land wholely: selection soil layer is deep, loosen fertile, to be beneficial to draining soil, P in soil H value is 6.0 ~ 6.5, on described soil, planting pit is opened by seeding row spacing 2 × 3m, described planting pit is triangular in shape, and straw 5kg, composite fertilizer 1.5kg and the dry dung polluted water 5kg of the fertile 25kg of slag of often spreading manuer in holes, chopping make base manure;

(2) seedling is selected: select that kind is pure, root system is healthy and strong, bud matter is full and without the high-quality sapling of damage by disease and insect;

(3) plant: in 10 ~ December, planted to by sapling in described planting pit, water after cultivation earthing, every mu of 100 ~ 120 strains of planting;

(4) rich water quality management: to the treelet of 1 ~ 2 year, from germination to July, monthly applies fertilizer once, comprises biological organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, execute a base manure 9 ~ October, comprise biological organic fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer; To more than 3 years bearing trees, annual fertilising three times, wherein first time used before fallen leaves in 9 ~ October, executed people and animals' liquid dung 2000 ~ 3000kg and superphosphate 60kg, accounted for 60% of annual total fertilization amount for every mu; Second time is used before germinateing by the end of February, executes people and animals' liquid dung 1500kg, accounts for 15% ~ 20% of annual total fertilization amount for every mu; Third time mid or late May young fruit expanding stage use, execute pig chicken manure water 2000kg, urea 30kg, superphosphate 20kg and potassium sulfate 20kg, account for 20% ~ 30% of annual total fertilization amount for every mu;

(5) pruning: select natural open centre shape to carry out shaping, fixed dry at 50 ~ 60cm place, select and remain 3 ~ 4 and be evenly distributed, the branch grown is as major branch, cut off 1/4 ~ 1/3 of described major branch length, all the other branches are all cut, and Bu Liu center is done, major branch spreading angle 40 ° ~ 50 °; Adopting length to put sparse branching trim mode, promote that brachyplast is formed, removing intensive branch, overlapping branch, intersection branch, sick branch, water sprout and thin and delicate branch, except sprouting 1 ~ 2 time after rudiment in spring;

(6) field management: carrying out expansions cave annual autumn, to plough deeply pressure green, deepens Root Distribution, rationally pour water, cover and intertill, guarantee root growth, 3 ~ September, rainy season, timely draining, intertilled once after winter pruning with crop straw overlay tree dish.

Described step (4) also comprises: at florescence of plum growth, the phase of bearing fruit, fruit expanding period, flower bud differentiation period and after gathering, the urea of 0.3% ~ 0.5% and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% is adopted to carry out foliage spray, and in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, in liquid, add fertilizer topdress.

Compared with prior art, the embodiment of the present invention at least has the following advantages:

In the embodiment of the present invention, the planting process of plum is divided into following six steps: selection of land wholely-select seedling--rich water quality management-pruning-field management of planting.In above-mentioned steps, all adopt the mode of the growth needs meeting plum most to cultivate, as selected excellent soil, open planting pit and basal dressing, select the high-quality sapling that kind is pure, the earthing that waters after cultivation guarantees survival rate, for the sapling rational application of fertilizer of different phase, natural open centre shape is selected to carry out shaping, adopt the long trim mode putting sparse branching, within 3 years, can be shaped, carry out annual autumn expansion cave plough deeply pressure green, deepen Root Distribution, guarantee health of root grows, intertillage is coordinated once after winter pruning, and in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, in liquid, add fertilizer topdress, this method meets the growth needs of plum more, for the growth of later stage plum is laid a solid foundation, improve output, plum quality better, mouthfeel rod, improve economic benefit.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and following examples are descriptive, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.

A high-yield cultivating method for plum, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of land wholely: selection soil layer is deep, loosen fertile, to be beneficial to draining soil, P in soil H value is 6.0 ~ 6.5, on soil, planting pit is opened by seeding row spacing 2 × 3m, planting pit is triangular in shape, and straw 5kg, composite fertilizer 1.5kg and the dry dung polluted water 5kg of the fertile 25kg of slag of often spreading manuer in holes, chopping make base manure;

Plum requires tight to soil, but because of its Root Distribution shallow, resistance to overhead flooding injury is weak, also should carry out trench on soil and improve the soil, namely between planting pit, open trench, facilitate drainage waterlogging prevention before therefore planting seedling.

(2) seedling is selected: select that kind is pure, root system is healthy and strong, bud matter is full and without the high-quality sapling of damage by disease and insect;

(3) plant: in 10 ~ December, planted to by sapling in planting pit, water after cultivation earthing, every mu of 100 ~ 120 strains of planting;

(4) rich water quality management: to the treelet of 1 ~ 2 year, from germination to July, monthly applies fertilizer once, comprises biological organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, execute a base manure 9 ~ October, comprise biological organic fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer; To more than 3 years bearing trees, annual fertilising three times, wherein first time used before fallen leaves in 9 ~ October, executed people and animals' liquid dung 2000 ~ 3000kg and superphosphate 60kg, accounted for 60% of annual total fertilization amount for every mu; Second time is used before germinateing by the end of February, executes people and animals' liquid dung 1500kg, accounts for 15% ~ 20% of annual total fertilization amount for every mu; Third time mid or late May young fruit expanding stage use, execute pig chicken manure water 2000kg, urea 30kg, superphosphate 20kg and potassium sulfate 20kg, account for 20% ~ 30% of annual total fertilization amount for every mu;

(5) pruning: select natural open centre shape to carry out shaping, fixed dry at 50 ~ 60cm place, select and remain 3 ~ 4 and be evenly distributed, the branch grown, as major branch, cuts off 1/4 ~ 1/3 of major branch length, and all the other branches are all cut, Bu Liu center is done, major branch spreading angle 40 ° ~ 50 °; Adopting length to put sparse branching trim mode, promote that brachyplast is formed, removing intensive branch, overlapping branch, intersection branch, sick branch, water sprout and thin and delicate branch, except sprouting 1 ~ 2 time after rudiment in spring;

Further, when the Second Year winter cuts, by major branch elongated shoot cutting back, and the branch selecting to grow laterally in the bottom of elongated shoot is as the first side shoot, cuts off about 1/3 of former length.Wherein the branch all risk insurance of below 5cm stays, in order to being trained bouquet shape fruit branch or fruit spur.Middle long shoot bar can cutting back, short its pumping developmental branch and fruit bearing shoot; Later annual appropriate cutting back elongated shoot, makes it expand tree crown, and the second, three side shoot of selecting and remain (being advisable to stay anticline side shoot).Each side shoot is in the distribution of major branch both sides, and about spacing 50cm, can be shaped for general 3 years.

Plum is based on cluster fruit spur result.The apical dominance of its branch is comparatively obvious, and the easy pumping developmental branch of tip and long fruit branch during treelet, weak fruit spur is then easily germinated in middle and lower part.Therefore, branch group be paid attention to and cultivate, go weakly to stay strong, make fruit spur and bouquet shape fruit branch result in turn.The fruit branch resting bud life-span is long, and old branch upgrades easily, and the water sprout grown caducity tree middle and lower part is feasible draws branch or suitable cutting back, inspires branch and pumping fruit bearing shoot, to fill tree crown.Because germination rate is with to become principal stresses strong, the short bud of branch internode is many, and the young sprout of generation is many, and kryptoblast is also easily sprouted, and causes branch overstocked, except sprouting 1 ~ 2 time after rudiment in spring, reducing branch quantity, improving illumination condition and nutritional condition.The cultivation of branch group can take cutting back or slow method of putting: evened up by water sprout, guide the orientation had living space into and be trained a group.Middle long fruit branch can delay to be put, and also can be trained middle sprig group by cutting back.Note during pruning balancing tree vigo(u)r, maintain the master slave relation of skeleton branch at different levels.The prosperous skeleton branch of growing way takes spreading angle, reduces branch amount, and dredge is cut the measure of grade and relaxed growing way less, and the weak skeleton branch of growing way is then taked to increase branch amount, elevation angle, dredges many sections less and waits measure growth promotion.

(6) field management: carrying out expansions cave annual autumn, to plough deeply pressure green, deepens Root Distribution, rationally pour water, cover and intertill, guarantee root growth, 3 ~ September, rainy season, timely draining, intertilled once after winter pruning with crop straw overlay tree dish.

Wherein, step also comprises in (4): at florescence of plum growth, the phase of bearing fruit, fruit expanding period, flower bud differentiation period and after gathering, the urea of 0.3% ~ 0.5% and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% is adopted to carry out foliage spray, and in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, in liquid, add fertilizer topdress.

Compared with prior art, the planting process of plum is divided into following six steps by the present invention: selection of land wholely-select seedling--rich water quality management-pruning-field management of planting.In above-mentioned steps, all adopt the mode of the growth needs meeting plum most to cultivate, as selected excellent soil, open planting pit and basal dressing, select the high-quality sapling that kind is pure, the earthing that waters after cultivation guarantees survival rate, for the sapling rational application of fertilizer of different phase, natural open centre shape is selected to carry out shaping, adopt the long trim mode putting sparse branching, within 3 years, can be shaped, carry out annual autumn expansion cave plough deeply pressure green, deepen Root Distribution, guarantee health of root grows, intertillage is coordinated once after winter pruning, and in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, in liquid, add fertilizer topdress, this method meets the growth needs of plum more, for the growth of later stage plum is laid a solid foundation, improve output, plum quality better, mouthfeel rod, improve economic benefit.

The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.

Claims (2)

1. a high-yield cultivating method for plum, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of land wholely: selection soil layer is deep, loosen fertile, to be beneficial to draining soil, P in soil H value is 6.0 ~ 6.5, on described soil, planting pit is opened by seeding row spacing 2 × 3m, described planting pit is triangular in shape, and straw 5kg, composite fertilizer 1.5kg and the dry dung polluted water 5kg of the fertile 25kg of slag of often spreading manuer in holes, chopping make base manure;

(2) seedling is selected: select that kind is pure, root system is healthy and strong, bud matter is full and without the high-quality sapling of damage by disease and insect;

(3) plant: in 10 ~ December, planted to by sapling in described planting pit, water after cultivation earthing, every mu of 100 ~ 120 strains of planting;

(4) rich water quality management: to the treelet of 1 ~ 2 year, from germination to July, monthly applies fertilizer once, comprises biological organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, execute a base manure 9 ~ October, comprise biological organic fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer; To more than 3 years bearing trees, annual fertilising three times, wherein first time used before fallen leaves in 9 ~ October, executed people and animals' liquid dung 2000 ~ 3000kg and superphosphate 60kg, accounted for 60% of annual total fertilization amount for every mu; Second time is used before germinateing by the end of February, executes people and animals' liquid dung 1500kg, accounts for 15% ~ 20% of annual total fertilization amount for every mu; Third time mid or late May young fruit expanding stage use, execute pig chicken manure water 2000kg, urea 30kg, superphosphate 20kg and potassium sulfate 20kg, account for 20% ~ 30% of annual total fertilization amount for every mu;

(5) pruning: select natural open centre shape to carry out shaping, fixed dry at 50 ~ 60cm place, select and remain 3 ~ 4 and be evenly distributed, the branch grown is as major branch, cut off 1/4 ~ 1/3 of described major branch length, all the other branches are all cut, and Bu Liu center is done, major branch spreading angle 40 ° ~ 50 °; Adopting length to put sparse branching trim mode, promote that brachyplast is formed, removing intensive branch, overlapping branch, intersection branch, sick branch, water sprout and thin and delicate branch, except sprouting 1 ~ 2 time after rudiment in spring;

(6) field management: carrying out expansions cave annual autumn, to plough deeply pressure green, deepens Root Distribution, rationally pour water, cover and intertill, guarantee root growth, 3 ~ September, rainy season, timely draining, intertilled once after winter pruning with crop straw overlay tree dish.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (4) also comprises:

At florescence of plum growth, the phase of bearing fruit, fruit expanding period, flower bud differentiation period and after gathering, adopt the urea of 0.3% ~ 0.5% and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% to carry out foliage spray, and in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, in liquid, add fertilizer topdress.