CN104620867A - Method for densely cultivating dwarf interstock big cherry trees in protected area - Google Patents
Method for densely cultivating dwarf interstock big cherry trees in protected area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104620867A CN104620867A CN201510038295.6A CN201510038295A CN104620867A CN 104620867 A CN104620867 A CN 104620867A CN 201510038295 A CN201510038295 A CN 201510038295A CN 104620867 A CN104620867 A CN 104620867A
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- bud
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- large cherry
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- cherry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention provides a method for densely cultivating dwarf interstock big cherry tress in a protected area. The method comprises the following steps that 1, selecting stocks, introduced big cherry dwarf interstocks are grafted to rootstocks; 2, dwarf interstock big cherry seedlings are cultivated; 3, dwarf interstock big cherry seedlings are densely planted. By the adoption of the method, the densely cultivated dwarf interstock big cherry trees are free of root knots, dry rot and other quarantine disease and insect pests, tree forms can be formed within two years, the trees can bear fruits within two years, the dwarf interstock big cherry tress bear fruits 2-3 years earlier than dwarf big cherry trees cultivated according to an existing dense cultivation method, the fruits come into the market earlier, the yield and quality of the big cherries are improved, high economic benefits are achieved, greenhouse cultivation and potted cultivation become possible, and the big cherry trees in the protected area have a bigger development space.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the planting culture method of a kind of large cherry in protecting field, be specifically related to the planting culture method of a kind of dwarfing interstock large cherry in protecting field.
Background technology
Cherry (Cherry) is the rose family (Rosaceae); Prunus (Prunus); the arbor type fruit tree of cherry subgenus (Cerasus), its cherry tree height is large, is not suitable with and grows at green house; self-sow enters fruiting period evening; need 5 ~ 6 years ability results, just can enter high yield period after 8 years, the input period of investment return is long; management cost is high, the development of serious restriction protecting field large cherry.
Cold region apple typically refers to and utilizes biology, the means such as cultivation, make tree low body little, tree crown is compact, be convenient to a kind of cultivation method of dense planting, now dwarfing fruit trees planting culture has become the important trend of the outer production of fruit trees development of Present Domestic, China's Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing mainly comprises and utilizes dwarfing rootstock, the multiple methods such as interstock (dwarfing interstock and common interstock) and the artificial Developing restraint of vigorous stock, not only there is precocity fruiting, the early advantage of high yield, and can increase the yield per unit area, extend the life-span of economic consequence, these have special meaning to fruit growing.
At present, the planting culture method dwarf degree of dwarfing interstock large cherry in protecting field is not high, and result is late, and crown gall is seriously ill, and early ageing is serious.Such as prior art CN201310289122.2 discloses a kind of cherry Cold region apple technology, and this invention needs shape for 3 years, 4 years ability results.CN201410094650.7 discloses a kind of method of breeding dwarfing interstock cherry seedling, it is made to grow up to seedling with folium isatidis cherry planting seed in this invention, as base anvil, with cherry dwarfing rootstock GiselaNo.5 as dwarfing interstock, this invention dwarf degree is low, and late, the root knot of yielding positive results after field planting occurs serious.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provide a kind of and can be embodied as that motility rate is high, precocity fruiting, high yield, high-quality and high benefit the planting culture method of dwarfing interstock large cherry in protecting field.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the employing of its technical problem is that the planting culture method of a kind of dwarfing interstock large cherry in protecting field, comprises the following steps:
(1) Root-stock selection, grafting: select resistance, anti-crown gall ability stronger, with the good stock of large cherry kind graft compatibility as base anvil, in autumn then, the large cherry dwarfing interstock grafting will introduced by the method for wooden bud grafting or square bud grafting on base anvil apart from 15 ~ 20cm place, ground.
(2) dwarfing interstock large cherry kind cultivating seedlings: in Second Year spring, carry out cutting anvil, 2cm place on the position grafting bud cutting anvil, and take off tied rope of buddering, erases new bud of sprouting on base anvil and retains grafting bud and sprout; To Second Year autumn, distance grafting mouth 10 ~ 12 centimeters on interstock, grafting large cherry improved seeds are carried out again by the method for wooden bud grafting or square bud grafting, the large cherry kind of grafting on interstock is before rudiment in spring in the 3rd year, on grafting bud, anvil is cut at 2cm place, has namely cultivated into dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock through the growth of a year.
(3) dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock planting culture: the dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock cultivated in the winter of the 3rd year or the 4th year spring carrying out planting step (2) by the seeding row spacing of 2 × 4m or 2 × 3m, manage according to normal Protectorate cultivation administrative skill, adopt the shaping of coronule many major branches shape, after planting, First Year 60 ~ 70cm does surely, height 60 ~ the 70cm of grafting large cherry improved seeds is counted from base anvil, under large cherry improved seeds clip, the first bud is kept here, two, three, four buds are erased, 5th bud is kept here, a bud is retained often to erase two buds from the 6th bud, erase three buds again and retain a bud, continue to erase two buds again and retain a bud, then erase three buds and retain a bud, one is stayed according to smearing two, then smear three and stay a mode of repeatedly carrying out, until liftoff 30cm, below 30cm bud is all erased, the bud stayed all carries out 0.5cm on bud and carves wound before germination, inspire into major branch, carry out drawing branch to autumn, all major branches all draw and Horizon, no longer carry out cutting back, Second Year after planting, the dry extending head of central authorities that the large cherry improved seeds of grafting grow continues carry out bud picking according to the mode of the previous year, carve bud, tree body stays 20 ~ 25 major branches, keep the absolute predominance that central authorities are dry simultaneously, carry out cultivation management according to normal Protectorate cultivation technology, obtain dense planting dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock.
Further, in step (1), described stock is selected from cherry, mahaleb cherry; The large cherry dwarfing interstock of described introduction is No. 2, Hungarian horse Harry.
Further, in step (2), described large cherry improved seeds are selected from ruby morning, early large fruit, the red light that applicable canopy is planted.
Further, in step (3), when pruning in the winter time, major branch and central authorities do and will pull open level time, if major branch rugosity is greater than 1/3 of the dry rugosity of central authorities, extremely will weigh cutting back to described major branch, allow it retransmit, postpone 1 year branch age, keep the absolute predominance that central authorities are dry.
The planting culture method of dwarfing interstock large cherry in protecting field of the present invention, institute's dense planting dwarfing interstock large cherry is without root knot, dry rot and other quarantine damage by disease and insect, within 2 years, can be formed tree-like, within 2 years, result can be carried out, 2 ~ 3 annual bearings can be shifted to an earlier date than the dwarfing large cherry of existing planting culture method gained, go on the market in advance, also improve cherry yield and quality simultaneously, produce higher economic benefit, for the canopy of large cherry is planted and potted plantly provides possibility, protecting field large cherry is had larger development space, as can be seen here, dwarf degree of the present invention is higher, early fruiting character is better, have employed horse Harry to make base anvil and stopped the generation of root knot completely, improve salinity and alkalinity resistance, add the result life-span, anti-early ageing.
Facts have proved, the maturing stage shifts to an earlier date a wheat harvesting period, and fruit-setting rate can reach more than 40%, reduces nature frostbite rate, and output can reach 2 times of tree open country of the same age plantation, reduces the utilization of agricultural chemicals, due to ripen in advance, decreases the harm probability of cherry fruit bat, decrease dose index.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further.
Embodiment 1
(1) first using the cherry after breeding as base anvil, in autumn then, No. 2, the Hungary large cherry dwarfing interstock horse Harry introduced with the method grafting of wooden bud grafting or square bud grafting, grafting is at base anvil overhead 20cm place.
(2) in Second Year spring, carry out cutting anvil at interstock and 2cm place, upper end, base anvil joint portion, and take off tied rope of buddering, erase at any time on base anvil and newly sprout bud; To Second Year autumn, distance grafting mouth 10cm place on interstock, grafting large cherry improved seeds early large fruit is carried out again by the method for wooden bud grafting or square bud grafting, interstock needs 2cm in grafting large cherry kind to cut anvil, this has just cultivated into dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock, and survival rate is more than 90%.
(3) Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing in booth is carried out in the winter of the 3rd year or the spring of the 4th year, the dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock cultivated of planting is carried out by the seeding row spacing of 2 × 4 (rice) or 2 × 3 (rice), manage according to normal Protectorate cultivation administrative skill, adopt the shaping of coronule many major branches shape, after planting, First Year 60 ~ 70cm does surely, fixed dry is the height counting grafting large cherry improved seeds from ground, under large cherry improved seeds clip, the first bud is kept here, two, three, four buds are erased, 5th bud is kept here, six, seven buds are erased, 8th bud is kept here, nine, ten, 11 buds are erased, 12 buds are kept here, smear two like this, the method of three of smearing is until liftoff 30cm, below 30cm bud is all erased, the bud stayed all carries out hindering before germination 0.5 centimetre of quarter on bud, inspire into major branch, carry out drawing branch to autumn, all major branches all draw and Horizon, do not carry out cutting back process, Second Year after planting, the dry extending head of central authorities that continuation grows on the large cherry improved seeds of grafting is kept here according to the first bud under clip, and two, three, four buds are erased, and the 5th bud is kept here, six, seven buds are erased, 8th bud is kept here, and nine, ten, 11 buds are erased, and 12 buds are kept here, smear two like this, smear the method for three until the branch 20cm place that evens up apart from upper one year, all the other are all erased, and the bud stayed all carries out 0.5cm on bud and carves before germination, and tree body stays 20 major branches, when pruning in the winter time, major branch and central authorities do and will pull open level time, if major branch rugosity is greater than 1/3 of the dry rugosity of central authorities, extremely will weigh cutting back to this major branch, and allow it retransmit, postpone 1 year branch age, keep the absolute predominance that central authorities are dry, within 2 years, can be formed tree-like, carry out cultivation management according to normal Protectorate cultivation technology, within 2 years, can result be carried out.Maturing stage shifts to an earlier date a wheat harvesting period, has 50% dwarfing interstock large cherry to yield positive results, and within the 4th year, can enter the full bearing period, fruit-setting rate can reach 40%, and sugar content increases, and cherry per mu yield can reach 2000 jin, single plant yield is 20 jin, and early large fruit Mean Fruit Weight is that 9 ~ 10 maximum fruits are heavily 13 grams.Thus, carry out Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method in booth like this, 2 ~ 3 annual bearings can be shifted to an earlier date compared with other Cold region apple cherries, enter the full bearing period early, dwarfing is strong, and tree crown is little, manageable, admittedly property strong, the tree that bears fruit does not need to support, without root knot, dry rot and other damage by disease and insect of quarantining.
Embodiment 2
(1) first mahaleb cherry seed is sowed, with the mahaleb cherry nursery stock grown for base anvil, in autumn then, No. 2, the Hungary large cherry dwarfing interstock horse Harry introduced with the method grafting of wooden bud grafting or square bud grafting, grafting is at base anvil overhead 20cm place.
(2) in Second Year spring, carry out cutting anvil at interstock and 2cm place, upper end, base anvil joint portion, and take off tied rope of buddering, erase at any time on base anvil and newly sprout bud; To Second Year autumn, distance grafting mouth 12 centimeters on interstock, grafting large cherry improved seeds red light is carried out again by the method for wooden bud grafting or square bud grafting, interstock needs 2cm in grafting large cherry kind to cut anvil, this has just cultivated into dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock, and survival rate is 90%.
(3) Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing in booth is carried out in the winter of the 3rd year or the spring of the 4th year, the dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock cultivated of planting is carried out by the seeding row spacing of 2 × 4 (rice) or 2 × 3 (rice), manage according to normal Protectorate cultivation administrative skill, adopt the shaping of coronule many major branches shape, after planting, First Year 60 ~ 70cm does surely, under large cherry improved seeds clip, the first bud is kept here, two, three, four buds are erased, 5th bud is kept here, six, seven buds are erased, 8th bud is kept here, nine, ten, 11 buds are erased, 12 buds are kept here, smear two like this, the method of three of smearing is until liftoff 30cm, below 30cm bud is all erased, the bud stayed all carries out hindering before germination 0.5 centimetre of quarter on bud, inspire into major branch, carry out drawing branch to autumn, all major branches all draw and Horizon, do not carry out cutting back process, Second Year after planting, continue according to carrying out bud picking the previous year, carving bud on newly sending out dry elongated shoot central, tree body stays 20 major branches, when pruning in the winter time, major branch and central authorities do and will pull open level time, if major branch rugosity is greater than 1/3 of the dry rugosity of central authorities, extremely cutting back will be weighed to this major branch, allow it retransmit, postpone 1 year branch age, keep the absolute predominance that central authorities are dry, within 2 years, can be formed tree-like, cultivation management is carried out according to normal Protectorate cultivation technology, within 2 years, result can be carried out, maturing stage shifts to an earlier date a wheat harvesting period, percentage 50 dwarfing interstock large cherry is had to yield positive results, within 3rd ~ 4 years, the full bearing period can be entered, fruit-setting rate can reach more than 40%, sugar content increases, cherry per mu yield can reach 2000 jin, single plant yield is 20 jin, red light Mean Fruit Weight is 9 ~ 10 grams, maximum fruit is heavily 15 grams.Thus, carry out Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method in booth like this, 2 ~ 3 annual bearings can be shifted to an earlier date compared with other Cold region apple cherries, enter the full bearing period early, dwarfing is strong, and tree crown is little, manageable, admittedly property strong, the tree that bears fruit does not need to support, without root knot, dry rot and other damage by disease and insect of quarantining.
Claims (4)
1. the planting culture method of dwarfing interstock large cherry in protecting field, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) Root-stock selection, grafting: select resistance, anti-crown gall ability stronger, with the good stock of large cherry kind graft compatibility as base anvil, in autumn then, the large cherry dwarfing interstock grafting will introduced by the method for wooden bud grafting or square bud grafting on base anvil apart from 15 ~ 20cm place, ground.
(2) dwarfing interstock large cherry kind cultivating seedlings: in Second Year spring, carry out cutting anvil, 2cm place on the position grafting bud cutting anvil, and take off tied rope of buddering, erases new bud of sprouting on base anvil and retains grafting bud and sprout; To Second Year autumn, distance grafting mouth 10 ~ 12 centimeters on interstock, grafting large cherry improved seeds are carried out again by the method for wooden bud grafting or square bud grafting, the large cherry kind of grafting on interstock is before rudiment in spring in the 3rd year, on grafting bud, anvil is cut at 2cm place, has namely cultivated into dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock through the growth of a year.
(3) dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock planting culture: the dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock cultivated in the winter of the 3rd year or the 4th year spring carrying out planting step (2) by the seeding row spacing of 2 × 4m or 2 × 3m, manage according to normal Protectorate cultivation administrative skill, adopt the shaping of coronule many major branches shape, after planting, First Year 60 ~ 70cm does surely, height 60 ~ the 70cm of grafting large cherry improved seeds is counted from base anvil, under large cherry improved seeds clip, the first bud is kept here, two, three, four buds are erased, 5th bud is kept here, a bud is retained often to erase two buds from the 6th bud, erase three buds again and retain a bud, continue to erase two buds again and retain a bud, then erase three buds and retain a bud, one is stayed according to smearing two, then smear three and stay a mode of repeatedly carrying out, until liftoff 30cm, below 30cm bud is all erased, the bud stayed all carries out 0.5cm on bud and carves wound before germination, inspire into major branch, carry out drawing branch to autumn, all major branches all draw and Horizon, do not carry out cutting back process, Second Year after planting, the dry extending head of central authorities that the large cherry improved seeds of grafting grow continues carry out bud picking according to the mode of the previous year, carve bud, tree body stays 20 ~ 25 major branches, keep the absolute predominance that central authorities are dry simultaneously, carry out cultivation management according to normal Protectorate cultivation technology, obtain dense planting dwarfing interstock large cherry kind nursery stock.
2. the planting culture method of dwarfing interstock large cherry according to claim 1 in protecting field, is characterized in that, in step (1), described stock is selected from cherry, mahaleb cherry; The large cherry dwarfing interstock of described introduction is No. 2, Hungarian horse Harry.
3. the planting culture method of dwarfing interstock large cherry according to claim 1 and 2 in protecting field, is characterized in that, in step (2), described large cherry improved seeds are selected from ruby morning, early large fruit, the red light that applicable canopy is planted.
4. according to the planting culture method of the dwarfing interstock large cherry one of claims 1 to 3 Suo Shu in protecting field; it is characterized in that; in step (3); when pruning in the winter time, major branch and central authorities do and will pull open level time, if major branch rugosity is greater than 1/3 of the dry rugosity of central authorities; extremely cutting back will be weighed to described major branch; allow it retransmit, postpone 1 year branch age, keep the absolute predominance that central authorities are dry.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106358912A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-01 | 王少雷 | Apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock high-position dwarf cultivation method |
| CN107094510A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-08-29 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of morello |
| CN108605613A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-10-02 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | It downgrades large cherry and grafts planting culture method |
| CN108605549A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-10-02 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | Downgrade large cherry engrafting method |
| CN111149601A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 辽宁省经济林研究所 | Seedling raising method for increasing yield of late-bearing walnuts |
| CN113994842A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2022-02-01 | 北京东方力原生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for enabling large cherries to enter full bearing period in advance |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN111149601A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 辽宁省经济林研究所 | Seedling raising method for increasing yield of late-bearing walnuts |
| CN113994842A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2022-02-01 | 北京东方力原生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for enabling large cherries to enter full bearing period in advance |
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