CN106358912A - Apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock high-position dwarf cultivation method - Google Patents
Apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock high-position dwarf cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358912A CN106358912A CN201610732551.6A CN201610732551A CN106358912A CN 106358912 A CN106358912 A CN 106358912A CN 201610732551 A CN201610732551 A CN 201610732551A CN 106358912 A CN106358912 A CN 106358912A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention relates to an apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock high-position dwarf cultivation method and belongs to the technical field of apple grafting cultivation and aims at solving the problem of providing an apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock high-position dwarf cultivation method with fast growth, early fruiting, consistent tree body, consistent fruit shape and consistent coloring. According to the adopted technical scheme, the apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock high-position dwarf cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a Chinese flowering crabapple nursery stock as a rootstock, selecting a dwarf rootstock as an intermediate stock, and grafting; 2) covering soil after grafting, burying all the obstruction section into soil, and watering for keeping the soil moist; 3) applying organic-inorganic complex fertilizer 2-3 months later; 4) grafting a good apple tree variety in a period from the last ten days of February through the first ten days of April at the next year; 5) examining the survival condition of scions one week later, and thinning and removing branch buds germinated on the intermediate stock for the survived scions; and 6) reserving plump buds and headed trunks in Spring at the third year, and growing into an apple low-position dwarf seedling after leaves fall in Autumn.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apple dwarf, from root anvil high position bush type culture method, belongs to Fructus Mali pumilae grafting cultivation technology neck
Domain.
Background technology
Apple tree bush type culture is the main flow of world's Apple development.It can be greatly enhanced Photosynthetic property of leaf, and increase has
The accumulation of machine nutrient substance, growth regulation and growth, improve yield and quality, reduce and throw work, investment, increase economic efficiency.I
State's Apple Culture history is shorter, starts late, and in addition by investing and natural conditions are limited, has passed by tallization in certain developmental stage
The detours such as thin planting, Vigorating compact planting, bush type culture is quite delayed, and bush type culture is also doctrinal to indiscriminately imitate foreign technology and side
Method.At present, China's Fructus Mali pumilae 90% about is Qiaoization cultivation, which forms in yield and quality and developed countries between
Gap.China's Fructus Mali pumilae yield per unit area is 11.1 tons/hectare, and China's APPLE QUALITY fruit rate only accounts for the 30% of Fructus Mali pumilae total output
Left and right, its medium-to-high grade fruit is less than 5%, and the high quality fruit rate of the state such as the U.S., New Zealand, Japan reaches 70%, the top grade of available for export
Fruit rate is 50% about.
In the face of entry to WTO, China's Fructus Mali pumilae wants firmly to capture domestic and international market, catches up with and exceedes developed country's Fructus Mali pumilae and plant
Training technology, is necessary for changing traditional Apple Culture idea and Qiaoization planting type, walks apple dwarf and plants from high-order dwarfing of root anvil
The road of training.Apple dwarf, from root anvil high position bush type culture technology, is a brand-new theory on Apple Culture and brand-new
Cultural method, dwarfing stock the impact to apple tree can be reached top level by it, improve the Photosynthetic Efficiency of apple tree to greatest extent,
Sapling up-growth total amount is cultivated considerably beyond Qiaoization.Growth is fast, and result is early, early high yield.Annual shoot early growth is fast, and the spring tip is long,
Later stage stops length early, and autumn growth is short, and blade is loose, and branch is sturdy, and annual shoot just can form substantial amounts of axillary flower tooth, plants trees then, when
The year's harvest is spent, and Second Year is yielded positive results, and enters within the 3rd year just fruiting period, enters the best fruiting period within the 4th year, enters than traditional apple tree and contain fruit
Early more than 3 years of phase.Under identical cultivation condition, same kind from root anvil a high position bush type culture it except having general bush type culture
Advantage outside, main advantage is exactly to control apple tree tree body size and maturation sooner or later using the height of overground part dwarfing stock, makes
Apple tree size and period of maturation reach manual intelligent by growth naturally and maturation and control tree body size and period of maturation.This project
Development and application, by thorough change China's Apple Culture yield poorly, ropy situation, will thoroughly change international and domestic at present
Doctrinal apple dwarf cultural method, is to play extremely important impetus to world's Apple development to China.
Content of the invention
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and technical problem to be solved is that a kind of growth of offer is fast, result is early, sets
The apple dwarf that body is consistent, fruit shape is consistent, coloring is consistent is from root anvil high position bush type culture method.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of apple dwarf is short from a root anvil high position
Change cultural method, comprise the following steps:
1), before grain rains then, the Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop selecting annual diameter 0.5-1cm is base anvil, selects the dwarfing of respective diameters
Stock carries out grafting as intermediate stock；
Grafting adopts cleft graft, will retain bottom as base anvil by Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock horizontal truncation from the above 7-15cm of root,
Cleft graft grafting dwarfing rootstock is adopted on base anvil；
Then graft union preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer will be tightly wrapped with plastic sheeting after the completion of grafting；
The last blocking section in base anvil and one 8-12cm of short anvil junction setting.
2) transfer Soil covering after grafting, blocking section is wholly embedded in soil, water holding ground moistening；Simultaneously in every a line grafting fruit
Seedling wood is other to set up fixation means away from ground 120-140cm eminence, and described fixation means are used for keeping intermediate stock upright；
3) take root in a large number in a 2-3 month base anvil bottom, now presses every plant of grafting fruit tree and applies 50-100g compound organic and inorganic fertilizer；
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is the organic product adding after the fermentation of em bacterium with carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio
10:1:0.5-0.8 forms；
4) Second Year late Febuary-early April carries out excellent apple tree kind grafting, particularly as follows: in intermediate stock height 120-
Carry out grafting at 140cm, the apple tree of selected kind is carried out grafting with the method that scion grafting or bud connect, at every plant of grafting 1-3；
After the completion of grafting, at 0.5cm above Grafted Variety bud, oblique for dwarfing rootstock 45 degree are wiped out；
5) check after one week that scion survives situation, survive removes to the twig sprouting on intermediate stock；
6) the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, grow up to apple dwarf after autumn fallen leaves and downgrade Seedling from root anvil is high-order.
Described Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock is Mains micromalus or flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii.
3rd year spring can carry out field-transplanting after surely doing, and transplant and require the lower end embedded depth of intermediate stock to be not less than
30cm.For directly process in big Tanaka, then should educate plant when educating plant Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii in advance with regard to dell, it is to avoid cover centre to bury
Anvil and earthing up causes water and fertilizer management inconvenience.
Preferably wipe out the twig of part intermediate stock after step 1) grafting, to promote taking root of intermediate stock.
Generally growth-promoting agent is to aid in preferably healing between scion and stock, so that interface is grown firmly, improves scion
Survival rate.The present invention, except survival rate to be improved, also will avoid interface growth excessively firmly to affect the effect of blocking section.The present invention
The formula of growth-promoting agent is optimized, specific: described preservative film impregnates before use or medial surface smears growth-promoting solution, institute
Stating growth-promoting solution is vitamin b12: gibberellins: the solution of sterilized water=1:0.5:10, using the parcel of preservative film and plastic sheeting
Effect, prevents growth-promoting solution evaporation, maintains wound moist simultaneously, and a small amount of growth-promoting solution on preservative film can be formed to wound
The continuous action of 1-2 month, reaches the effect of " slow release ", is capable of a certain degree of growth ensureing interface so that early stage base anvil
Intermediate stock is carried out with nutrition supply, improves the survival rate of intermediate stock and promote intermediate stock to take root.
Compared with prior art the invention has the advantages that.
From root anvil high position bush type culture method, base anvil and intermediate stock adopt cleft graft, in grafting to the apple dwarf of the present invention
The blocking section of overall length 8-12cm is set at the above 4-6cm in position, and the growth with intermediate stock and shallow-layer fertilising promote intermediate stock root
System's growth, the speed of growth of intermediate stock is much larger than base anvil, because blocking section acts on to the constraint of diameter, with the growth of intermediate stock
Thicker, blocking section is stronger to the cut-out effect of base anvil nutrition supply, after 2-3 base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii due to cannot nutrition supply and by
Gradually atrophy comes off, and the impact to fruit tree growth and fruit for the base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii is eliminated.
Dwarfing stock the impact to apple tree can be reached top level by the method, improve the photosynthetic effect of apple tree to greatest extent
Can, sapling up-growth total amount is cultivated considerably beyond Qiaoization.Growth is fast, and result is early, early high yield.Annual shoot early growth is fast, the spring tip
Long, the later stage stops length early, and autumn growth is short, and blade is loose, and branch is sturdy, and annual shoot just can form substantial amounts of axillary flower tooth, plants trees then,
When year's harvest flower, Second Year is yielded positive results, and enters within the 3rd year just fruiting period, enters the best fruiting period within the 4th year, enters than traditional apple tree and contain
Early more than 3 years of fruiting period.Under identical cultivation condition, same kind is entirely short to cultivate it except having the advantages that general bush type culture
Outward, main advantage is exactly to control apple tree tree body size and maturation sooner or later using the height of overground part dwarfing stock, makes apple tree
Body size and period of maturation reach manual intelligent by growth naturally and maturation and control tree body size and period of maturation.
It is not necessary to band girdle be carried out to fruit tree it is only necessary to rational water and fertilizer management compared with traditional Qiaoization, it is ensured that every year
High yield, do not have traditional Qiaoization fruit tree biennial bearing divide.The fruit tree life-span averagely improves 10 years about than Qiaoization fruit tree.
Nourish and grow and reproductive growth balance, become to spend easily, growth is consistent, fruit shape is consistent, coloring is consistent, overcome tradition short
Changing intermediate stock cultivation base anvil is the inconsistent defect of each body that sexual hybridization causes, is the fruit tree that the cultural method of the present invention is cultivated
Yield is high, the main cause of high efficiency.
Compared with Qiaoization kind with kind, result does not have dividing of biennial bearing to the Fructus Mali pumilae of high-order Dwarf rootstocks, gets bumper crops every year,
Period of maturation can do sth. in advance first quarter moon to month, and color redder (Fuji), it is not necessary to carry out band girdle to tree body, is not hindered to tree body
Evil.
With the high-order Fructus Mali pumilae ratio downgraded, more uniformly, fruit shape is more uniform, and tree body controllable degree is higher, percent rate of high quality fruit for coloring
Lifted, economic worth is higher.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Specific embodiment:
2009, mark 4.5 mu of ground in Linyi County Chu Hou township Dong Jia village village east, be divided into three pieces of regions, carry out fruit-tree breeding:
Region 1, processing method comprises the following steps:
1), before grain rains then, the Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop selecting annual diameter 0.5-1cm is base anvil, selects the dwarfing of respective diameters
Stock carries out grafting as intermediate stock；
Grafting adopts cleft graft, will retain bottom as base anvil, in base anvil by Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii horizontal truncation from the above 7-15cm of root
Upper employing cleft graft grafting dwarfing rootstock；
Then graft union preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer will be tightly wrapped with plastic sheeting after the completion of grafting；
The last blocking section in base anvil and one 8-12cm of short anvil junction setting.
2) transfer Soil covering after grafting, blocking section is wholly embedded in soil, water holding ground moistening；Simultaneously in every a line grafting fruit
Seedling wood is other to set up fixation means away from ground 120-140cm eminence, and described fixation means are used for keeping intermediate stock upright；
3) take root in a large number in a 2-3 month base anvil bottom, now applies 50-100g compound organic and inorganic fertilizer by every plant of grafting nursery stock；
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is the organic product adding after the fermentation of em bacterium with carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio
10:1:0.5-0.8 forms；
4) Second Year late Febuary-early April carries out excellent apple tree kind grafting, particularly as follows: in intermediate stock height 120-
Carry out grafting at 140cm, the apple tree of selected kind is carried out grafting with the method that scion grafting or bud connect, at every plant of grafting 1-3；
After the completion of grafting, at 0.5cm above Grafted Variety bud, oblique for dwarfing rootstock 45 degree are wiped out；
5) check after one week that scion survives situation, removes to the twig sprouting on the intermediate stock surviving；
6) the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, grow up to apple dwarf after autumn fallen leaves and downgrade Seedling from root anvil is high-order.
Region 2, is to wipe out the twig of part intermediate stock after step 1) grafting with the difference in region 1.
With the difference in region 1, region 3, is that described preservative film impregnates before use or medial surface smears growth-promoting solution, institute
Stating growth-promoting solution is vitamin b12: gibberellins: the solution of sterilized water=1:0.5:10.
, in addition to tree body not being carried out with band girdle and processes, basic water and fertilizer management etc. all can be according to for area above apple cultivation
Routine Management is carried out.
Wherein region 1-3 is again broken down into tri- pieces of a, b, c respectively, and the Grafted Variety of every piece of ground (0.5 mu) is as follows:
A area base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii adopts flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii, and intermediate stock adopts the virus-free original seed of refreshing short ls-1, and apple variety adopts cigarette richness three
Number；
B area base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii adopts flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii, and intermediate stock adopts the virus-free original seed of refreshing short ls-1, and apple variety is using facing red No. 1；
Base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii adopts Mains micromalus in c area, and intermediate stock adopts the virus-free original seed of refreshing short ls-1, and apple variety adopts Asus；
It can be seen that, due to the presence of multiple grafting and blocking section, lead to graft survival rate lower, processed using growth-promoting solution
Afterwards, survival rate can preferably be improved.And growth-promoting solution is processed not to be affected substantially on the production capacity of fruit tree.
The present invention can be summarized without prejudice to the concrete form of the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention with others.Therefore, no
By from the point of view of which point, the embodiment above of the present invention all can only be considered that the description of the invention can not limit invention,
Claims indicate the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not pointed out in above-mentioned explanation, therefore, with the present invention
The suitable implication and scope of claims in any change, be all considered as being included within the scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of apple dwarf is from root anvil high position bush type culture method it is characterised in that comprising the following steps:
1), before grain rains then, the Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop selecting annual diameter 0.5-1cm is base anvil, selects the dwarfing of respective diameters
Stock carries out grafting as intermediate stock；
Grafting adopts cleft graft, will retain bottom as base anvil by Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock horizontal truncation from the above 7-15cm of root,
Cleft graft grafting dwarfing rootstock is adopted on base anvil；
Then graft union preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer will be tightly wrapped with plastic sheeting after the completion of grafting；
The last blocking section in base anvil and one 8-12cm of short anvil junction setting；
2) transfer Soil covering after grafting, blocking section is wholly embedded in soil, water holding ground moistening；Simultaneously in every a line grafting fruit tree seedlings
Wood is other to set up fixation means away from ground 120-140cm eminence, and described fixation means are used for keeping intermediate stock upright；
3) after grafting 2-3 month, take root in a large number in base anvil bottom, now applies 50-100g organic-inorganic compound by every plant of grafting nursery stock
Fertile；
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is the organic product adding after the fermentation of em bacterium with carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio
10:1:0.5-0.8 forms；
4) Second Year late Febuary-early April carries out excellent apple tree kind grafting, particularly as follows: in intermediate stock height 120-
Carry out grafting at 140cm, the apple tree of selected kind is carried out grafting with the method that scion grafting or bud connect, at every plant of grafting 1-3；
After the completion of grafting, at 0.5cm above Grafted Variety bud, oblique for dwarfing rootstock 45 degree are wiped out；
5) check after one week that scion survives situation, survive removes to the twig sprouting on intermediate stock；
6) the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, grow up to apple dwarf after autumn fallen leaves and downgrade Seedling from root anvil is high-order.
2. a kind of apple dwarf according to claim 1 is from root anvil high position bush type culture method it is characterised in that step 1)
The unnecessary twig sprouting is wiped out in time after grafting on intermediate stock.
3. a kind of apple dwarf according to claim 1 is from root anvil high position bush type culture method it is characterised in that described guarantor
Fresh film impregnates before use or medial surface smears growth-promoting solution, and described growth-promoting solution is vitamin b12: gibberellins: sterilized water=1:
The solution of 0.5:10.
4. a kind of apple dwarf according to claim 1 is from root anvil high position bush type culture method it is characterised in that described sea
Chinese bush cherry nursery stock is Mains micromalus or flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii.
5. a kind of apple dwarf according to claim 1 is from root anvil high position bush type culture method it is characterised in that the 3rd year
Spring is transplanted after surely doing, and transplants and requires the intermediate stock embedded depth of more than blocking section to be not less than 30cm, after pouring water, plants
Fruit nursery stock must use covered rearing with plastic film.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107047188A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that Y-shaped apple hybrid tree is cultivated with dwarfing interstock |
| CN107173083A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-19 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | A kind of Apples Dwarf Stocks grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN107593133A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-19 | 通辽市林业科学研究院 | The cultivation of cold area Fruit Tree In Sandy Land nursery stock and garden building method |
| CN107771602A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method |
| CN109315161A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-12 | 甘肃德美地缘现代农业集团有限公司 | A kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree |
| CN113317102A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-31 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Adult cultivation method of apple sapling |
| CN113317111A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-08-31 | 丽水市农林科学研究院 | Method for improving short-spike cutting rooting rate of tea leaves |
| CN113875488A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-01-04 | 河北省水利科学研究院(河北省大坝安全技术中心、河北省堤防水闸技术中心) | Method for fast-growing cultivation of Hongzhibao Chinese flowering crabapple tree |
| CN114982568A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 宁蒗恒泰农业投资开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating dwarf close-planted apples in plateau of high-cold cool mountain area |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107047188A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that Y-shaped apple hybrid tree is cultivated with dwarfing interstock |
| CN107047188B (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2020-10-20 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for cultivating Y-shaped apple hybrid tree by using dwarfing interstock |
| CN107173083A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-19 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | A kind of Apples Dwarf Stocks grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN107771602A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method |
| CN107771602B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-14 | 青岛农业大学 | Three-section type 'winching method' apple dwarfing self-rooted seedling rapid breeding method |
| CN107593133A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-19 | 通辽市林业科学研究院 | The cultivation of cold area Fruit Tree In Sandy Land nursery stock and garden building method |
| CN109315161A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-12 | 甘肃德美地缘现代农业集团有限公司 | A kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree |
| CN113317102A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-31 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Adult cultivation method of apple sapling |
| CN113317102B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2024-05-28 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Seedling-forming cultivation method for apple sapling |
| CN113317111A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-08-31 | 丽水市农林科学研究院 | Method for improving short-spike cutting rooting rate of tea leaves |
| CN113875488A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-01-04 | 河北省水利科学研究院(河北省大坝安全技术中心、河北省堤防水闸技术中心) | Method for fast-growing cultivation of Hongzhibao Chinese flowering crabapple tree |
| CN114982568A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 宁蒗恒泰农业投资开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating dwarf close-planted apples in plateau of high-cold cool mountain area |
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