CN107646497A - A kind of implantation methods of Hongjing Orange - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of Hongjing Orange, by selecting seedling grafting to plant, apply ring-type ditch spread, are applied by the base manure autumn, and vernalization fertilizer is careful to be applied, green manure combination inorganic fertilizer.Flower thinning branch, few fruit is dredged, contain fruit and dredge again.Flower and fruit protecting, cultivate spring tip bearing basal shoot.Spray micro- N P and K liquid fertilizer, rich water moisturizing；Girdling controls in low extension low level portion's girdling, fertile part, divides acid-base property soil to apply neutralization fertilizer regulation fruit tree acid-base value, heavy dressing organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer.Advantage is seed selection breeding, and site preparation digs cave, and intensive cultivation tubule, operation is easy, and equipment is simple, and management work step is orderly, applies fertilizer, pours water in good time, flower and fruit protecting, and branch is luxuriant, and fruit is plentiful and substantial, pulp delicate fragrance, unique flavor, high-quality, small investment of getting bumper crops, and income is big.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of Hongjing Orange

Technical field

The invention belongs to woods fruit, particularly a kind of implantation methods of Hongjing Orange.

Background technology

Hongjing Orange pulp moisture content is moderate, partially dry, is planted more in regions such as Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Guangdong Lianjiang Hongjing Orange is remote Recent year's anecdotes name, ripe late, selling price is high.Meat is fresh and sweet, and meat pachydermia is thin.Traditional plantation is local method soil pipe, under junior middle school in year, imposes farmers' Fertilizer, based on liquid manure, middle education and correction for juvenile offenders, top dressing of heavy dressing of blooming is to harvesting fruit.The category phase in slack season among growth period, it is dilute to dissipate the long root of tree Leaf is dredged, very different, and pulp overdrying or overly moist, taste is poor, yields poorly.

The content of the invention

To be chosen seeds it is an object of the invention to provide one kind by science, site preparation digs cave, in good time weeding, applies fertilizer, draining of pouring water, The sporocarp that insect killing obtains is solid greatly, and pulp is thick, and capsule skin is pink, sweet and sour taste, and equipment is simple, and operation is easy, fruit tree A kind of implantation methods of well-grown Hongjing Orange.

The technical solution of the present invention is a kind of such, implantation methods of Hongjing Orange, it is characterised in that its plantation side Method is：

1）Selection of land building well, cropping pattern, 4 meters of 4 X of spacing in the rows, with square plantation；

2）Select seedling, annual grafting plantation；

3）Improve the soil and dig cave, Huan Shu peripheries bottom line digs cave, adds lime and table soil, and green manure, fused calcium magnesium phosphorus potash fertilizer inserts the environment on cave side；

4）Band girdle, sparse branching are trimmed, interior thorax is cut less, and periphery cuts；

5）Fertilising, ring-type ditch spread, is applied by the base manure autumn, and vernalization fertilizer is careful to be applied, green manure combination inorganic fertilizer；

6）Fruit thinning, bagging, the amount of bearing fruit is by leaf-fruit ratio 15：1, fruit weighs 80 grams, 40 centimetres of fruit footpath bagging；

7）Flower thinning branch, first fruit is light, dredges few fruit, contains fruit and dredges again.

8）Sparse branching, spring shelves in tree crown, the short tip is not dredged outside tree crown, is thinning out top and the peripheral branch of excessive growth, closeer branch；

9）Young tip length protects 8, leaf to pinching during 8cm；

10）Flower and fruit protecting, cultivate spring tip bearing basal shoot；

11）Spray micro- N P and K liquid fertilizer；

12）Rich water moisturizing；

13）Girdling, in low extension low level portion's girdling；

14）Fertile part control, acid-base property soil is divided to apply neutralization fertilizer regulation fruit tree acid-base value, heavy dressing organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer.

The present invention protrusion effect be：Seed selection breeding, site preparation dig cave, and intensive cultivation tubule, operation is easy, and equipment is simple, management Work step is orderly, applies fertilizer, pours water in good time, flower and fruit protecting, and branch is luxuriant, and fruit is plentiful and substantial, pulp delicate fragrance, unique flavor, and high yield is high-quality, Small investment, income are big.

Embodiment

Here is the specific implementation method of the present invention：

1）Planting technique：Shaddock garden is established:Selection is in hidding and sunny side, abundant water, the sand soil band that soil layer is deep, fertile Building well, field Contour terrace, seeding row spacing are 4 meters × 4 meters, square cropping pattern.

Choose seeds healthy and strong nursery stock:From well developed root system, robust growth, annual grafting are planted, in management condition In the case of preferably, nursery stock will soon grow, and tree crown forms also very fast.Expand cave to improve the soil, build up fertility:Improve soil condition Important measures be early bearing, it is high-quality, high yield basis.Expansion cave is improved the soil typically, and Second Year starts after planting, completes effect within the 3rd year Fruit.Specific practice is to insert green manure, ash by deep 80 centimetres, wide 60 centimetres of bar ditch are symmetrically excavated in both sides under tree crown drip Each load of charcoal soil, 2 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate, appropriate lime and table soil, layering are applied down, are compacted with improved soil.Rationally repair Cut, correct band girdle:Trim principle：Using sparse branching, tree crown periphery branch is cut more, and interior thorax branch is cut less.Trim the time：Young age teak one As points of 3 times trimmings, i.e., the summer cuts cuts with the winter；As a result teak typically points of 3 times trimmings, i.e., spring pruning, summer cut cuts with the winter, spring pruning in January, Summer was cut in April, and the winter cuts the two weeks after fruit picking, i.e. September part.Pruning method：The method for not using clean cut, emphasis are dredged Except peripheral branch, to the pruning method using blank of tree crown comparatively dense.The method can efficiently control tree crown, promote The sprouting of interior thorax branch, it is not to be led to the underproduction because of heavy pruning again.Interior thorax branch should wipe out fruitful branch, deadwood, sick branch and weak branch.It is right Prosperous length is not bloomed or the teak bloomed less takes the band girdle, band girdle method to be in late August：In trunk or diameter more than 8 centimetres Major branch on skin fallen using band girdle, skin is wide 0.6 centimetre, or girdling, is deep to xylem.Wound is with the 2 of 30ppm after processing, 4-d+ 800 times of thiophanate methyl processing, will not have undesirable effect to tree vigo(u)r, yield.Nutrient growth can be suppressed using band girdle method, Promote bud differentiation, increase flower amount, ensure yield.Fertilizing method：Using ring-type ditch spread, fertilizer application frequency is according to " the base manure autumn Apply, vernalization fertilizer is careful to be applied, and fruit retention, fruit-promoting fertilizer match somebody with somebody the requirement applied and carry out annual apply fertilizer 5 times.It is more based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer Apply phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer.15 kilograms of excrement is applied in vernalization fertilizer strain, is applied by the end of February to early March, and fruit retention fertilizer is sprayed based on foliage top dressing 15 kilograms of farm manure is applied in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2% urea+0.3%, fruit-promoting fertilizer strain, is applied by the end of June to early July, fruit picking fertilizer strain 1.0 kilograms of 35 kilograms+urea of manuring, 250 grams+phosphate fertilizer, is applied before and after fruit picking, is typically carried out in December.Reasonable fruit thinning, Bagging:First hypogenetic malformed fruit, fruitlet and disease pest fruit are dredged and gone, the amount of bearing fruit is typically with leaf-fruit ratio 15：1 preferably.Fruit thinning is determined After fruit, bagging is carried out when young fruit length to 80 grams of single fruit weight, fruit 4 cm of transverse diameter, it is noted that wide tight appropriateness during bagging, both Sack is unclamped, carpopodium can not be damaged to.Spring be Hongjing Orange root of hair, the Changchun tip, long flower spike, bloom, tie young fruit just Phase, this period such as disease pest harm, fertilizer deficiency, arid are strengthened the tip, strong flower, percentage of fertile fruit height to teak and had a direct impact, and are to improve to work as The critical period of annual production.Every spring Manifold technology measure must be taken in good time, could be promoted the strong tip, strong flower, be improved percentage of fertile fruit.

2）Prune flower thinning off, dredge the tip, pinching:Hongjing Orange flower amount is more, and fruit setting amount is big.Flower thinning dredges the tip and appropriate pinching, is advantageous to subtract The effective consumption of few nutrient, effective flower matter is improved, promotes percentage of fertile fruit；Mitigate tree body load, promote fruit fertility, improve fruit Quality and commodity value.Flower thinning branch:Flower amount into annual bearer or decline tree is more, should dredge the weak spray in part.Typically 2 The middle ten days and the last ten days moon to early March is carried out.Grasp in principle go it is weak stay strong principle, 4-5 flower is stayed on a bearing basal shoot, full tree is carried out Reasonably combined principle in the morning, afternoon and evening.After flower thinning, tree nutrient is concentrated, to meet to leave the fertility demand of bud, promotes bud big, Flower matter is good, spends rear percentage of fertile fruit high.Weak tree should be grasped during flower thinning to dredge again, firstfruits tree is gently dredged or do not dredged, and contains fruit tree and dredges again, Sheng Guo Tree grows tall and big, unfavorable flower thinning, and the florescence often meets weather cloudy and drizzly for days on end again, can take and shake colored method, to shake to cause drop part bud, mitigates Produced due to excessively intensive bud go rotten etc. disadvantage.Dredge the tip:The thin tip can improve tree body ventilation and penetrating light, reduce disease pest danger Evil, it is the effective measures for improving percentage of fertile fruit.The tip is dredged, typically thin tree crown top, periphery suitably dredge one compared with compact part point, the higher branch of excessive growth Part, the short spring tip in the tender spring tip and tree crown periphery is coming year bearing basal shoot in tree crown, can not typically be removed, the spring tip, which removes, to be controlled Within spring tender tip 6%, it is impossible to dredge too much.Leaf amount is increased with profit, manufactures more chlorophyll, percentage of fertile fruit is improved, how excellent reaches fruit Matter high yield.Pinching:Pinching can improve percentage of fertile fruit, accumulate trunk infusion, reduce invalid nutrient consumption, bear fruit more, hang up properly Fruit.Pinching is typically carried out in the tree crown top branch of excessive growth, pinching when the young tip is up to 4 cun, only stays 8 leaves.

3）Maintenance：Flower and fruit protecting：Spring Hongjing Orange, the tip is taken out, buddings, bloom, it is larger by effect of natural conditions, particularly bloom Phase, wet weather, high temperature, arid are to blooming, fruit setting has harm, it is necessary to and some effective technology measures are taken, can be only achieved flower and fruit protecting, It is high-quality to capture high yield.Cultivate healthy and strong spring tip bearing basal shoot:Mainly cultivate one, the two year spring tip and 2 years autumn growths of stalwartness, spring The short tender tip in the tender spring tip and tree crown periphery is coming year bearing basal shoot in tip tender leaf phase tree crown, there is the healthy and strong spring tip, is coming year percentage of fertile fruit Raising creates good conditions.Injection trace element:Appropriate injection trace element in good time, it is the effective strong tip, strong of reaching Flower, the technology for improving percentage of fertile fruit.Spring tender tip before the flowers are in blossom and thank respectively spray colored young fruit initial stage 1-2 0.2% borax or 0.1% boric acid+ 0.2% phosphoric acid=the urea solution of hydrogen potassium+0.3%, with regard to flower and fruit protecting purpose can be reached.Florescence, the appropriate rich water of young fruit period and temperature： The spring tip take out tell, bud, flower spike, pollination of blooming needs appropriate fertilizer, moisture and preference temperature.If lacked in bud stage and florescence Fertilizer, long-time high temperature and drought, it can directly affect and spend strong, sterile flower is more, and percentage of fertile fruit is low.In bud stage and florescence, there is running water Orchard, ground are suitably sprayed water, it is impossible to which spray in the tree, if water is sprayed the humidity for increasing young tender leaf and pomelo flower in the tree, can make the spring Tip tender leaf, pomelo flower, the fruitlet infection pest and disease damage just tied, cause shedding.The moisture of ground is sprayed on, florescence can be made to supplement enough water Point, reach and improve percentage of fertile fruit and reduce disease.Secondary girdling：Florescence and young fruit initial stage, often there is severe gas Wait, such as high temperature and drought, overcast and rainy low temperature bad climate factor, bloom pollination and fruit setting detrimental effect can be given, it is necessary to taken Technical measures are imitated, improve fruit setting amount.Secondary girdling is to effectively facilitate the effective measures of flower and fruit protecting.The shaddock good to rich water quality management Garden, firstfruits tree, Wang Zhuanshu, such as bad climates such as a run of wet weathers, to implement secondary girdling and carry out fruit retention；Bearing-age tree is contained, is moved back weak Tree not use secondary girdling.Girdling method：The knife of girdling one is implemented in branch low level portion, stays a sprig not girdling, girdling wants one Knife is sensible, reaches Bao Genbao tree vigo(u)rs, reaches fruit retention volume increase purpose.Tree vigo(u)r must be measured according to flower by implementing girdling, and flower amount is more in blossom fall Girdling is implemented when 92%；Flower amount is few to implement girdling when thanking and spending 60%.Tree vigo(u)r it is weak mustn't girdling, prevent decline or dead.Bud Late September proceeds by Physiological Differentiation typically before fruit picking, and shape is entered after fruit picking and is broken up.Winter appropriate low temperature and arid are favourable In bud differentiation, the change of temperature and humidity conditions or artificial processing can influence flower bud differentiation period, so as to early blossoming or late flower occur.Bud Differentiation is to reach relatively steady in trunk infusion growth and reproductive growth.Carried out under the influence of extraneous suitable low temperature and drought condition. Eugonic bearing-age tree must take control liquid manure.The method of control shoot, to suppress nutrient growth, with reference to being completely cured, draw branch, appropriate ring Cut, band girdle, cerclage, to improve cell liquid concentration, slow down Growth status gesture and promote bud differentiation.

4）Fertilising：In time using tip phase in spring fertilizer, spring tip fertilizer is applied in time and told to improving spring tip shaddock, strengthened the tip, strong flower and improve fruit setting Rate particularly emphasis.Firstfruits strain produce 12 jin, a traditional unit of weight of fruits, apply 2.5 jin, a traditional unit of weight of NPK or plant production 100 jin, a traditional unit of weight, fruit apply 7 liang of urea, 2 liang of potash fertilizer, application in two dressings, current fertilizer are applied in " the beginning of spring ", " Spring Equinox ".Appropriate regulation Hongjing Orange Orchard Soil acid-base value:Fruit Orchard Soil pH is planted with certain difference property between the effective content of soil element be present, and soil reaction has notable shadow to element validity Ring.Analyzed according to extensive investigations, for soil nutrient availability angle, Hongjing Orange Orchard Soil pH optimum range is 5.5 ~6.5.Therefore, acid garden should be paid attention to gradually reducing soil aciditiy, especially appropriate liming neutralizes its acidity；To saline alkali Soil shaddock garden, then can apply sulphur, gypsum, physiological acidic fertilizer and organic fertilizer etc..According to soil characteristic and fertilizer property Fertilising:Soil types and Traits change are larger, need to apply suitable fertilizer type according to soil characteristic, and grasp Rational Application amount, Period and method.Sand soil keeping fertility is poor, answers gradation Shaoshi；Cohesive soil keeping fertility is stronger, and once the amount of applying can be slightly more.Saline-alkali soil Ammonium chloride, potassium chloride or sodium nitrate should not be selected, calcium and magnesium phosphorus is can be selected in acid soil application phosphate fertilizer or ground phosphate rock, calcareous local product were selected The acidic fertiliziers such as calcium phosphate, sulfate of ammoniac.The nature difference of various fertilizer is larger.Usual organic fertilizer makees base manure deep placement, inorganic fertilizer more In have alkalescence, acid fertilizer, also have high volatility or the poor mobility in soil, should be according to its characteristic Rational Application.As nitrate fertilizer, The mobility in soil such as urea is strong, the young sprout phase more than nitrogen, young fruit period can needed to apply, and can not broad irrigation after applying；Height containing manganese Acid soil, the administration of physiological acidic fertilizer (such as sulfate of ammoniac, carbon ammonium) should be controlled, otherwise easily aggravation soil acidification, cause manganese Poisoning；Alkaline soil should avoid applying alkalescence fertilizer, to prevent orange tree iron deficiency from aggravating；Phosphate fertilizer is easily fixed in soil, can be combined with Machine fertilizer is applied.Rational application of fertilizer amount and element balance are applied：At present, there is two kinds of tendencies, Yi Zhongshi in the dose in Hongjing Orange garden Dose deficiency, causes to yield poorly, poor quality；Another kind is lavishment fertilizer, especially singly applies indivedual chemical fertilizer, causes growth result It is abnormal, fertilizer is wasted, pollutes environment.Therefore, should be according to the rational dose of the grasps such as edaphic condition, crown texture.It is worth referring to Go out, the fertilising of various regions Hongjing Orange garden still has the unbalanced problem of nutrient supply to some extent, so as to Hongjing Orange tree nutrition occur Imbalance, juice sacs granulation aggravation.It is noted, therefore, that the rational proportion of various elements, to maintain the balance of tree nutrient.It is organic Fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer compounding application:Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, and nutrient is complete, fertilizer efficiency length, can be obviously improved soil property, and inorganic Though fertile fertilizer efficiency is rapid, nutrient is simple.Therefore, Hongjing Orange garden should pay attention to application of organic fertilizers, can generally account for the one of annual amount of nitrogenous fertilizer More than half, and match somebody with somebody and apply inorganic fertilizer.It was verified that carrying out the Fertilizing Way of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer compounding application, field can be promoted Soil improvement cures, and is advantageous to the growth result of plant, and rescues the important technique measure of Hongjing Orange juice sacs granulation.

5）Deinsectization is gone out disease:Preventing and treating Hongjing Orange tree pest and disease damage is an important measures for ensureing volume increase.The spring tender spring tip, young flower flower bud Children is tender with flower spike, most easy infection pest and disease damage.Using the rational application of fertilizer, scientific management, promote fruit tree healthy and strong, pest and disease damage not easy entry can be made Invade infection.If the tip phase in spring does not take effective control measures, the reduction of income then will be made.2 months-March is the Wintering Period of red spider, To prevent and treat in time.The disease early-stage development such as anthracnose, greasy spot, ring spot is stretched, and is visually not easy to see, if do not paid attention to, The big generation of young fruit expanding stage disease can be caused, so pest and disease damage will implement the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ".Spring tender tip and Young fruit preventing and treating at initial stage disease pest shows to be important.

Chemical control：Pass the winter red spider medicine of spraying before the germination of the spring early Febuary tip, gram full special plus 1800 times of water；Or 3 Middle of the month hexythiazox adds 1600 times of water.Prevent and treat various diseases:0.6 centimeter or so of late Febuary children's tip uses cuprammonium to before blooming Mixture：One jin, a traditional unit of weight of copper sulphate adds five jin, a traditional unit of weight of carbon ammoniums, with after the film packaging 22 hours plus full tree of 1200 jin, a traditional unit of weight of sprays of water and ground；Or the spring 0.4 centimeter or so of the tip is to before blooming and thanks to respectively spray 3 times at colored young fruit initial stage, adds water with 400 times of liquid of thiophanate plus water and jinggangmycin 400 times of liquid mixing, or carbendazim add 400 times of liquid of water and jinggangmycin to add 400 times of liquid of water, are used alternatingly.Prevent and treat other Insects:Other insects DDVP adds 800 times of liquid of water.Spring tip disease pest is prevented and treated in time, and the spring tip can be promoted healthy and strong, and branches and leaves are luxuriant, Thank and spend rear young fruit initial stage susceptible few, percentage of fertile fruit is high.Hongjing Orange treelet is more upright, and bearing tree half is opened a business, tree crown semicircle capitiform； In addition to the winter tip, each secondary tip can turn into bearing basal shoot, but using the spring tip as main bearing basal shoot.It is colonized using seedlings, Second Year can See flower, can bear fruit within the 3rd year, strain production is up to, into abounding with, every per mu yield is public up to 6000 after more than 16 kilograms, the five, the six years Jin or so.Bearing tree year applies fertilizer 5 times.With 60 kilograms or so/strain of yield, nitrogen is 1.0 kilograms, balance fertilizing ratio:Nitrogen:Phosphorus: Potassium:Calcium:Magnesium=0.5:1：0.5:1:0.5, divide fruit picking fertile（Winter top dressing）, applied before and after fruit picking in 8 days, accounted for the 35% of annual dose； Germination fertilizer（Spring fertilizer）, it is front and rear by the end of January to apply, account for the 30% of annual dose；Fruit-promoting fertilizer（Summer and autumn fertilizer）, typically stopping physiological fallen fruit Afterwards, apply within 8 days before autumn growth is sprouted, account for the 15% of annual dose.Water management:Shoot growth phase, flower bud differentiation period（3~5 Month）, the fruit development phase（7~October）It must in good time pour water, keep ground moistening, irrigation quantity reaches field capacity 75%.The method poured water takes furrow irrigation, pouring, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation etc..

6）Favorable planting region：Hongjing Orange adaptation zone can typically plant, but winter minimum temperature cannot be below minus 8 degrees Centigrade, mountain Ground and drainage condition preferably area are more suitable.Natural pigment contained by Hongjing Orange has certain health-care effect to human body, micro- Secondary element such as flavonoids largely have vitamin p function, and the β-carrotene and lycopene in carotenoid are also Can be anti-oxidant, help to remove the free radical in human body.Fruit juice enriches, local flavor sour-sweet, and in quality, the big thin skin of fruit, succulence is soft, Residue is not stayed, it is fresh and sweet slightly sour, outside the good characteristics that taste is taken forever, there are lovely luster, beautiful tempting feature, Hongjing Orange skin Huang, taste is all good, and the Hongjing Orange of this cultural method production at present is got bumper crops, be high-quality, and market price soars, and high yield is high-quality.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of implantation methods of Hongjing Orange, it is characterised in that its implantation methods is：

1）Selection of land building well, cropping pattern, 4 meters of 4 X of spacing in the rows, with square plantation；

2）Select seedling, annual grafting plantation；

3）Improve the soil and dig cave, Huan Shu peripheries bottom line digs cave, adds lime and table soil, and green manure, fused calcium magnesium phosphorus potash fertilizer inserts the environment on cave side；

4）Band girdle, sparse branching are trimmed, interior thorax is cut less, and periphery cuts；

5）Fertilising, ring-type ditch spread, is applied by the base manure autumn, and vernalization fertilizer is careful to be applied, green manure combination inorganic fertilizer；

6）Fruit thinning, bagging, the amount of bearing fruit is by leaf-fruit ratio 15：1, fruit weighs 80 grams, 40 centimetres of fruit footpath bagging；

7）Flower thinning branch, first fruit is light, dredges few fruit, contains fruit and dredges again.

2.8）Sparse branching, spring shelves in tree crown, the short tip is not dredged outside tree crown, is thinning out top and the peripheral branch of excessive growth, closeer branch；

9）Young tip length protects 8, leaf to pinching during 8cm；

10）Flower and fruit protecting, cultivate spring tip bearing basal shoot；

11）Spray micro- N P and K liquid fertilizer；

12）Rich water moisturizing；

13）Girdling, in low extension low level portion's girdling；

14）Fertile part control, acid-base property soil is divided to apply neutralization fertilizer regulation fruit tree acid-base value, heavy dressing organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer.