CN101849493A - Culture method of red-peel red-pulp honey pomelos - Google Patents
Culture method of red-peel red-pulp honey pomelos Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method of red-peel red-pulp honey pomelos. The culture method comprises the following steps of: (a) establishing a garden on a sheltered, sunny, sandy and fertile loam area with rich water resources and thick soil; (b) selecting annual robust grafted seedlings with strong roots and health growth to plant; (c) expanding holes and improving soil to improve fertility; (d) reasonably trimming and rightly girdling (ringing); (e) adopting circular furrow application and annually applying fertilizers 3-4 time according to the requirement of applying a base fertilizer in autumn, carefully applying a sprouting fertilizer and helpfully applying maintaining and fleshing fruit fertilizers; and (f) reasonably thinning fruits and bagging. Red-peel red-pulp honey pomelos produced by using the culture method are luxuriant and high-quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culture method of red-peel red-pulp honey pomelos.
Background technology
Red skin red meat honey shaddock is that the bud mutation strain of the inventor from Pinghe County red meat honey shaddock garden is the improved seeds that seed selection forms, and red skin red meat honey shaddock shows as precocity, its fruit is big, single fruit weight, fruit shape is obovate or oval, and pericarp is thin, smooth, is orange red, thin cyst and red is easily peeled off, and pulp is rose, juice born of the same parents spindle, fiber is tender, and juice is many, change slag, sour and sweet palatability has fragrance, seed is few, and quality is extremely excellent.Red skin red meat honey shaddock is except possessing red meat honey shaddock feature, and also having an important feature is that spongy layer under pericarp and the pericarp is red, and pulp is lilac red.The inventor now cultivates red skin red meat honey shaddock nursery stock in a large number, to peasant household's public offering, is subjected to very much peasant's welcome.Red skin red meat honey teak seedling will be cultivated will a cultivation method that packages, and for this reason, it is open at this that the inventor now cultivates the method for red skin red meat honey shaddock through Success in Experiment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of culture method of red-peel red-pulp honey pomelos, cultivation method of the present invention take as
Following step: (being embodiment)
A, shaddock garden set up: be chosen in hidding and sunny side, abundant water, the sandy loam area Jian Yuan that soil layer is deep, fertile, the contour terrace land in field, seeding row spacing are 3 meters * 3 meters, planting system with triangle for well.
Red skin red meat honey shaddock if young sprout aging after, all can plant throughout the year.
B, the healthy and strong nursery stock of choosing seeds: select well developed root system for use, robust growth, annual grafting are planted, and preferably under the situation, nursery stock can recover growth soon at management condition, and tree crown forms also very fast.
Improve the soil in c, expansion cave, build up fertility: the important measures that improve land occupation condition are bases of early bearing, high-quality, high yield.Expand the cave and improve the soil generally in plantation beginning in back 1 year, it is best to finish effect on the 3rd year.
Specific practice is to excavate dark 60-70 centimetre, wide 40-50 centimetre bar ditch in both sides by symmetry under the tree crown drip, inserts green manure, burns each load of soil, and 1.5 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate, an amount of lime and table soil, layering is executed down, and compacting is to improve the soil.
D, rational pruning, correct band girdle (cutting):
Prune principle: adopt and dredge branch, the peripheral branch of tree crown is cut more, and interior thorax branch is cut less.
The pruning time: children's teak in age is pruned for 2 times general the branch, and promptly the summer cuts with the winter and cuts; Teak is pruned for 3 times general the branch as a result, and promptly spring pruning, summer cut with the winter and cut, and spring pruning is in 2-3 month, and the summer is cut the month at 5-7, and the winter is cut two weeks after fruit picking, i.e. 10-11 month.Trimming method: do not adopt the method for clean cut, emphasis removes peripheral branch, to the trimming method of the adopted blank of tree crown comparatively dense.The method can be controlled tree crown effectively, and the sprouting of thorax branch in promoting is unlikely again because of heavy pruning and causes the underproduction.Interior thorax branch should be wiped out fruit bearing shoot, deadwood, sick branch and weak branch.Take band girdle, band girdle (cutting) method to be to the teak that prosperous length is not bloomed or bloomed less in late September: on the major branch more than 6 centimetres, adopt band girdle to fall skin at trunk or diameter, the wide 0.3-0.5 of skin centimetre, or girdling, be deep to xylem.Handle back wound 2 of 20ppm, 4-d+800 thiophanate methyl is doubly handled, and can not cause harmful effect to tree vigo(u)r, output.Adopt band girdle (cutting) method can suppress to nourish and grow, promote flower bud differentiation, increase the flower amount, guarantee output.
E, fertilizing method: adopt the ring-type ditch spread, fertilizer application frequency according to " the base manure autumn executes, fertile careful the executing of vernalization, fruit retention, fruit-promoting fertilizer are joined the requirement of executing and are carried out whole year and apply fertilizer 3-4 time.Based on fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer is auxilliary, executes p, k fertilizer more.Farmyard manure 20-30 kilogram is executed in the fertile strain of vernalization, applying to early March by the end of February, fruit retention fertilizer is based on top dressing, spray 0.3% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, farmyard manure 20-40 kilogram is executed in the fruit-promoting fertilizer strain, is applying 0.5 kilogram in the fertile strain manuring of fruit picking 40-60 kilogram+urea 200 gram+phosphate fertilizer by the end of June to early July, before and after fruit picking, apply, generally carry out in December.
F, rationally fruit thinning, bagging: hypogenetic malformed fruit, fruitlet and sick wormed fruit are dredged gone earlier, the amount of bearing fruit is generally with leaf-fruit ratio (160-200): 1 for well.Fruit thinning behind the fruit, treats that young fruit grows to single fruit weight 100-150 gram, the fruit transverse diameter carries out bagging during 5 centimetres of left and right sides surely, will note wide tight appropriateness during bagging, and sack is unclamped, and can not be damaged to carpopodium.
Be red skin red meat honey shaddock root of hair, the Changchun tip, the long initial stage of spending fringe, blooming, tie young fruit spring, and this period such as sick worm harm, fertilizer deficiency, arid just have a direct impact the strong tip of teak, strong flower, percentage of fertile fruit, are the critical period of raising when annual production.Must take every spring Manifold technology measure in good time, could promote the strong tip, strong flower, improve percentage of fertile fruit, capture good harvest.
In time use tip phase in spring fertilizer in time use spring tip fertilizer to improve the sweet shaddock spring tip shaddock tell, the strong tip, strong flower and improve particularly emphasis of percentage of fertile fruit.1. 100 jin, a traditional unit of weight of fruits are produced in the firstfruits strain, and execute 100 jin, a traditional unit of weight of fruits of 2.5 jin, a traditional unit of weight of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or strain product and use 7 liang in urea, 2 liang in potash fertilizer, application in two dressings, current fertile in " the beginning of spring "---" Spring Equinox " uses.
Flower thinning, the thin tip, pinching: red skin red meat honey shaddock flower amount is many, and the setting amount is big.Flower thinning is dredged the tip and suitably pinching, helps reducing the effective consumption of nutrient, improves effectively flower matter, promotes percentage of fertile fruit; Alleviate tree body load, promote the fruit fertility, improve fruit quality and commodity value.
A. flower thinning branch: become the flower amount of annual bearer or decline tree many, should dredge the weak spray of part.Generally carry out at mid or late Febuary to early March.Stay strong principle a little less than grasp is gone in principle, stay 4-5 flower on the bearing basal shoot, full tree is carried out reasonably combined principle of morning, noon and afternoon.Behind the flower thinning, the concentrated tree branch of recuperating to satisfy the fertility demand that stays bud, impels bud big, and Hua Zhihao spends back percentage of fertile fruit height.
It is heavily thin to grasp weak tree during flower thinning, and the firstfruits tree is light to be dredged or do not dredge, and it is heavily thin to contain fruit tree, the Sheng fruit tree growth is tall and big, unfavorable flower thinning, and the florescence is often met weather cloudy and drizzly for days on end again, can take to shake colored way,, alleviate owing to too intensive and produce disadvantages such as bud goes rotten to shake to cause drop the part bud.
B, the thin tip: dredging the tip and can improve tree body ventilation and penetrating light, reduce the harm of disease worm, is the effective measures that improve percentage of fertile fruit.Dredge the tip, generally dredge tree crown top, peripheral than the compact part branch, higher water sprout is suitably dredged a part, and the peripheral short spring tip of the tender spring tip and tree crown is a bearing basal shoot in the coming year in the tree crown, generally can not remove, and the spring tip removes and can only be controlled in the tender tip 5% of spring, can not dredge too much.In order to increasing the leaf amount, make more chlorophyll, improve percentage of fertile fruit, reach the many good quality and high outputs of fruit.
C, pinching: pinching can improve percentage of fertile fruit, and the nutrition of accumulation tree body reduces invalid nutrient consumption, bears fruit more, hangs up properly fruit.Pinching is generally carried out in tree crown top water sprout, and 4-6 sheet leaf is only stayed in pinching when the young tip reaches 5-7 cun.
Flower and fruit protecting: the sweet shaddock of red skin red meat in spring, take out the tip, budding, bloom, be subjected to effect of natural conditions bigger; flowering stage particularly, wet weather, high temperature, arid to bloom, setting has harm, must take some effective technology measures; just can reach flower and fruit protecting, capture the high yield high-quality.
A, the healthy and strong spring tip bearing basal shoot of cultivation: mainly be to cultivate healthy and strong one, two year spring tip and 2 years autumn growths, the peripheral short tender tip of the tender spring tip and tree crown is a bearing basal shoot in the coming year in the spring tip tender leaf phase tree crown, the healthy and strong spring tip is arranged, and the raising of percentage of fertile fruit creates good conditions for the coming year.
B, injection trace element: suitably injection is micro-in good time, is the effective technology that reaches the strong tip, strong flower, improves percentage of fertile fruit.The tender tip of spring is before the flowers are in blossom and thank to the colored young fruit initial stage and respectively spray 1-2 time 0.2% borax or 0.1% boric acid+0.2% phosphoric acid=hydrogen potassium+0.3% urea liquid, just can reach the flower and fruit protecting purpose.
C, florescence, an amount of rich water of young fruit period and temperature: the spring tip is taken out and is told, bud, Hua Sui, and blooming pollination needs an amount of fertilizer, moisture and preference temperature.If bud stage and flowering stage fertilizer deficiency, long-time high temperature and drought, directly influence is spent strongly, sterile flower is many, percentage of fertile fruit is low.In bud stage and flowering stage, the running water orchard is arranged, suitably spraying water in teak ground, can not spray in the tree, if the water spray in the tree, increase the humidity of young tender leaf and shaddock flower, can make the fruitlet of spring tip tender leaf, shaddock flower, first knot infect damage by disease and insect, causes shedding.Be sprayed on moisture on the ground, can make replenish enough moisture flowering stage, reach to improve percentage of fertile fruit and reduce disease and take place.
D, secondary girdling: teak florescence and young fruit initial stage, harsh climate often appears, as bad climate factors such as high temperature and drought, overcast and rainy low temperature, can give bloom pollination and setting adverse influence, must take the effective technology measure, improve the setting amount.The secondary girdling is the effective measures that effectively promote flower and fruit protecting.The shaddock garden good to rich water quality management, firstfruits tree, Wang Zhuanshu as bad climates such as a run of wet weathers, implement the secondary girdling and come fruit retention; Contain bearing-age tree, move back weak tree and do not adopt the secondary girdling.The girdling method: implement girdling one cutter in branch low level portion, stay a not girdling of sprig, girdling wants a cutter sensible, reaches the Bao Genbao tree vigo(u)r, reaches fruit retention volume increase purpose.Implementing girdling must be according to flower amount tree vigo(u)r, and flower is measured many girdling of implementing when blossom fall 90%; Flower amount is few to be spent at 60% o'clock and implements girdling thanking.Tree vigo(u)r is weak mustn't girdling, prevents teak decline or dead.
Red skin red meat honey shaddock bud generally before fruit picking late September begin to carry out physiological differentiation, after the fruit picking (the 11--12 month) enter shape differentiation. winter, suitable low temperature and arid helped flower bud differentiation, the variation of temperature and humidity conditions or artificial the processing can influence flower bud differentiation period, thereby early blossoming or slow flower occur.
The flower bud differentiation of red skin red meat honey shaddock is to nourish and grow at the tree body to reach relative steady with reproductive growth. carries out under extraneous suitable low temperature and the drought condition influence. and eugonic bearing-age tree must take to control liquid manure. the way of control shoot, nourish and grow with inhibition: in conjunction with being completely cured. draw branch, suitably girdling. band girdle. ring is pricked, to improve cell sap concentration, slow down tree bulk-growth gesture and promote flower bud differentiation.
Applying fertilizer:
A. suitably regulate red skin red meat honey shaddock garden mould earth acid-base value: orchard soil pH plant and the effective content of soil element between have certain differing property, soil reaction has appreciable impact to element validity.According to the extensive investigations analysis, from the soil nutrient availability angle, the optimum range of red skin red meat honey shaddock garden soil pH is 5.5～6.5.Therefore, should pay attention to reducing gradually soil acidity, especially an amount of liming its acidity that neutralizes to characteristic of acid red soil shaddock garden; To saline-alkali soil shaddock garden, then can execute sulphur, gypsum, physiological acidic fertilizer and fertilizer etc.
B. according to soil characteristics and the fertilising of fertilizer character: soil types and proterties differ greatly, and need to use suitable fertilizer type according to soil characteristics, and grasp reasonable amount of application, period and method.Sand soil keeping fertility is relatively poor, answers the gradation Shaoshi; The cohesive soil keeping fertility is stronger, and once the amount of executing can be many slightly.Saline-alkali soil should not be selected ammonium chloride, potassium chloride or sodium nitrate for use, and acid soil is executed phosphate fertilizer can select calcium magnesium phosphorus or rock phosphate for use, and the calcareous local product is selected acidic fertiliziers such as superphosphate, sulfate of ammoniac.The nature difference of various fertilizer is bigger.Usually fertilizer is made the base manure deep placement more, alkalescence, acid fertile is arranged in the inorganic fertilizer, high volatility is also arranged or in soil poor mobility, should rationally use according to its characteristic.Strong as mobility in soil such as nitrate fertilizer, urea, can need nitrogen many young sprout phase, young fruit period use at teak, and can not broad irrigation after executing; Contain the high acid soil of manganese, should control using of physiological acidic fertilizer (as sulfate of ammoniac, carbon ammonium etc.), otherwise easily aggravate soil acidification, cause manganese poisoning; It is fertile that alkaline soil should avoid using alkalescence, increases the weight of to prevent the teak iron deficiency; Phosphate fertilizer easily is fixed in soil, can cooperate organic fertilizer application.
C. rational application of fertilizer amount and element balance are used: at present, there are two kinds of tendencies in the fertilizing amount in red skin red meat honey shaddock shaddock garden, and a kind of is the fertilizing amount deficiency, causes to yield poorly poor quality; Another kind is a lavishment fertilizer, especially singly executes indivedual chemical fertilizer, causes growth result unusual, waste fertilizer, contaminated environment.Therefore, should grasp rational fertilizing amount according to soil condition, tree body situation etc.Be worth pointing out that still there is the unbalanced problem of nutrient supply to some extent in various places red skin red meat honey shaddock shaddock garden fertilising, thereby red skin red meat honey shaddock teak trophic disturbance, the aggravation of juice born of the same parents granulation occur.Therefore, should note the rational proportion of various elements, to keep the balance of setting the branch of recuperating.
D. fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer compounding application: fertilizer is rich in organic matter, and nutrient is complete, and fertilizer efficiency is long, can obviously improve soil property, though and the inorganic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is rapid, nutrient is simple.Therefore, application of organic fertilizers should be paid attention in red skin red meat honey shaddock shaddock garden, can account for the over half of annual amount of nitrogenous fertilizer usually, and join and execute inorganic fertilizer.Facts have proved, carry out the approach of fostering and apply fertilizer of fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer compounding application, can promote garden soil improvement slaking, and help the growth result of plant, also is the important technique measure of rescuing red skin red meat honey shaddock juice born of the same parents granulation.
The management of the sweet shaddock of red skin red meat in spring:
The deinsectization disease of going out:
Preventing and treating red skin red meat honey shaddock teak damage by disease and insect is important measures that guarantee sweet shaddock volume increase.Spring, the tender spring tip, young bud and Hua Sui children were tender, easy infection damage by disease and insect.Adopt the rational application of fertilizer, scientific management promotes red skin red meat honey shaddock teak stalwartness, can make damage by disease and insect be difficult for invasion and infect.If the tip phase in spring is not taked effective control measures, will make the reduction of income then.Be surviving the winter the phase of two spotted spider mite February-March, in time prevent and treat.
Disease early-stage developments such as anthracnose, greasy spot, ring spot are stretched, and naked eyes are difficult for seeing, as not paid attention to, can cause the big generation of young fruit expanding stage disease, so damage by disease and insect will be implemented the policy of " putting prevention first integrated control ".The tender tip of spring and young fruit initial stage insect pests show for important.
Chemical control:
A, the two spotted spider mite medicine of spray cloth before the spring early Febuary tip germinates of passing the winter, Ke Mante adds 2000 times in water; Or hexythiazox adds water 1000-1500 doubly mid-March.
B, prevent and treat various diseases: about 0.5 centimeter-5 centimeters at the late Febuary children tip before bloom (can not spray medicine flowering stage), use Cal-cop 10: one jin, a traditional unit of weight of copper sulphate adds five jin, a traditional unit of weight of carbon ammoniums, adds 1000 jin, a traditional unit of weight in water after 24 hours with blister-pack and sprays and set entirely and ground; Or about 0.5 centimeter-5 centimeters at the spring tip is before bloom and thank to the colored young fruit initial stage and respectively spray 1-2 time, adds 500 times of liquid of water and jinggangmycin adds 500 times of liquid mixing of water with topsin, and perhaps carbendazim adds 500 times of liquid of water and jinggangmycin adds 500 times of liquid of water, is used alternatingly.
C, prevent and treat other insects: other insects add 1000 times of liquid of water with dichlorvos.The sick worm of the spring tip in time prevents and treats, and can impel spring tip stalwartness, and branches and leaves are luxuriant, thanks and spends the back young fruit initial stage susceptible few, and the percentage of fertile fruit height below further specifies the feature of the red skin red meat honey of the present invention shaddock cultivation through experiment:
A. red skin red meat honey shaddock treelet is more upright, half-open of bearing tree, tree crown semicircle capitiform; Except that the winter tip, each time tip all can become bearing basal shoot, but is main bearing basal shoot with the spring tip.Adopt the seedlings field planting, 1 year visible flower can be born fruit on the 3rd year, and strain is produced and can be reached more than 15 kilograms, enters after the 5th, six year and abounds with every 666.7m
2Output can reach about 5000 kilograms.Red skin red meat honey shaddock bearing tree year fertilising 3～4 times.With about 50 kilograms/strain of output, nitrogen is 0.9 kilogram, balance fertilizing ratio: nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: calcium: magnesium=1: 0.5: 1: 1.1: 0.4, divide fruit picking fertilizer (winter top dressing), and executed in 7～10 days before and after the fruit picking, account for 40～60% of annual fertilizing amount; Germinate by fertile (spring fertilizer), execute front and back by the end of January, accounts for 15～25% of annual fertilizing amount; Fruit-promoting fertilizer (Xia Qiufei), generally after stopping physiological fallen fruit, autumn growth sprouts and to use in preceding 10～15 days, accounts for 20～40% of annual fertilizing amount.The water management of red skin red meat honey shaddock: branch vegetative period, flower bud differentiation period (3～May), fruit development phase (7～October) must pour water in good time, keep ground moistening, and irrigation quantity reaches 60～70% of maxmun field capacity.The method that red skin red meat honey shaddock is poured water takes furrow irrigation, pouring, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation etc. all can.6, suitable kind of zone: red skin red meat honey shaddock suits in the plantation of Guanxi small stream honey shaddock growing area, and the citrus adaptation zone generally can be planted, but winter minimum temperature can not be lower than minus 8 degrees Centigrade, and the better area of mountain region and drainage condition is comparatively suitable.
B, the contained natural colouring matter of red skin red meat honey shaddock have certain function of health care to human body, trace element has the function of vitamin p as flavonoids pigment major part, beta carotene in the carotenoid and lycopene can also be anti-oxidant, help to remove the free radical in the human body.
C, fruit properties: red skin red meat honey shaddock fruit shape is fallen oval, and vertical footpath transverse diameter ratio is 15.5: 16; Single fruit weight 1200 grams～2350 grams, average 1680 grams; The color of the leather red green; Fruit shoulder circle point, deflection is on one side; Guo Ding Guangping, nick, ring-type circle seal are inadequately obviously with complete; The fruit face is more prominent because of oil vacuole, and feel is thicker; Skin is thin, average thick 0.7cm～0.9cm.Several 13～17 lobes of capsule lobe have the rip-panel phenomenon, rip-panel rate 54%, capsule skin pink; Juice born of the same parents redness, fruit juice is abundant, local flavor sour-sweet, quality is first-class.
The red skin red meat honey shaddock fruit endoplasm censorship result that this cultivation method is produced is as follows:
Total reducing sugar 8.76%, total acid 0.74%, vitamin C 37.85mg/100g, soluble solid 11.55%, fruit juice rate 59%, juice born of the same parents colour generation pigment is lycopene and bata-carotene, be respectively: 55.45 ± 1.13 and 41.10 ± 2.24 (55 times and 46.8 times of μ g/gdw) ， Shi Guanxi small stream honey shaddock.
Red skin red meat honey shaddock grasps that to hold Guanxi small stream honey shaddock plain boiled pork honey shaddock fruit Da Pi thin, flesh meat does not have seed, and the succulence softness is not stayed residue, fresh and sweet little acid, outside the good characteristics that taste is taken forever, lovely luster is arranged more promptly, beautiful tempting feature, red skin red meat honey shaddock perfume (or spice), flavor are all good, and red skin red meat honey shaddock high yield, the high-quality of this cultivation method production at present, price soars on the market, supply falls short of demand, is subjected to very much consumer's welcome.
Claims (7)
1. culture method of red-peel red-pulp honey pomelos, it is characterized in that: described cultivation method is taked following steps:
A, shaddock garden set up: be chosen in hidding and sunny side, abundant water, the sandy loam area Jian Yuan that soil layer is deep, fertile, the contour terrace land in field, seeding row spacing are 3 meters * 3 meters, planting system with triangle for well;
B, the healthy and strong nursery stock of choosing seeds: select well developed root system for use, robust growth, annual grafting are planted;
Improve the soil in c, expansion cave: improving the soil and generally began in back 1 year in plantation in the expansion cave, finished in the 3rd year;
Specific practice is: under the tree crown drip, excavates dark 60-70 centimetre, wide 40-50 centimetre bar ditch in both sides, inserts green manure, burns each load of soil by symmetry, and 1.5 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate, an amount of lime and table soil, layering is executed down, and compacting is to improve the soil;
D, pruning principle: adopt and dredge branch, peripheral of tree crown is cut more, and interior thorax branch is cut less; The pruning time: children's teak in age divides 2 prunings, and promptly the summer cuts with the winter and cuts; Teak is pruned for 3 times general the branch as a result, and spring pruning, summer cut with the winter and cut, and spring pruning is in 2-3 month, and the summer is cut the month at 5-7, and the winter is cut two weeks after fruit picking, i.e. 10-11 month;
Trimming method: do not adopt the method for clean cut, emphasis removes peripheral branch, to the trimming method of the employing blank of tree crown comparatively dense; Interior thorax secateurs expel stagnation fruit branch, deadwood, sick branch and weak branch, the teak that prosperous length is not bloomed or bloomed is less taked the method for band girdle, girdling in late September; The band girdle method is: on the major branch more than 6 centimetres, adopt band girdle to fall skin at trunk or diameter, the wide 0.3-0.5 of skin centimetre, or girdling, be deep to xylem, handle the back wound with 20ppm 2,4-d+800 thiophanate methyl doubly handles;
E, fertilizing method: adopt the ring-type ditch spread, fertilizer application frequency was executed according to the base manure autumn, fertile careful the executing of vernalization, and fruit retention, fruit-promoting fertilizer are joined the requirement of executing, and carry out fertilising whole year 3-4 time, and based on fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer is auxilliary, executes p, k fertilizer more; Farmyard manure 20-30 kilogram is executed in the fertile strain of vernalization, applying to early March by the end of February, fruit retention fertilizer is based on top dressing, spray 0.3% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, farmyard manure 20-40 kilogram is executed in the fruit-promoting fertilizer strain, is applying 0.5 kilogram in the fertile strain manuring of fruit picking 40-60 kilogram+urea 200 gram+phosphate fertilizer by the end of June to early July, before and after fruit picking, apply, carry out in December;
F, rationally fruit thinning, bagging: hypogenetic malformed fruit, fruitlet and sick wormed fruit are dredged gone earlier, the amount of bearing fruit is generally with leaf-fruit ratio 160-200: 1 for well; Fruit thinning behind the fruit, treats that young fruit grows to single fruit weight 100-150 gram, the fruit transverse diameter carries out bagging during 5 centimetres of left and right sides surely, will note wide tight appropriateness during bagging, and sack is unclamped, and can not be damaged to carpopodium.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cultivation method is taked following steps:
In time use tip phase in spring fertilizer: 100 jin, a traditional unit of weight of fruits are produced in the firstfruits strain, and execute 100 jin, a traditional unit of weight of fruits of 2.5 jin, a traditional unit of weight of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or strain product and use 7 liang in urea, 2 liang in potash fertilizer, application in two dressings, fertile in " the beginning of spring "---" Spring Equinox " uses;
Flower thinning, the thin tip, pinching:
A. flower thinning branch: stay strong principle at mid or late Febuary to early March, stay 4-5 flower on the bearing basal shoot, full tree is carried out reasonably combined principle of morning, noon and afternoon; It is heavily thin to grasp weak tree during flower thinning, and the firstfruits tree is light to be dredged or do not dredge, and it is heavily thin to contain fruit tree, and it is tall and big to contain fruit tree growth, unfavorable flower thinning, and the florescence is often met weather cloudy and drizzly for days on end again, can take to shake colored way, to shake to cause drop the part bud;
B, dredge the tip: dredge tree crown top, peripheral than the compact part branch, higher water sprout is suitably dredged a part, in the tree crown the peripheral short spring tip of the tender spring tip and tree crown be the coming year bearing basal shoot can not remove, the spring tip removes and is controlled in the tender tip 5% of spring;
C, pinching: pinching is carried out in tree crown top water sprout, and 4-6 sheet leaf is only stayed in pinching when the young tip reaches 5-7 cun;
Flower and fruit protecting:
A, the healthy and strong spring tip bearing basal shoot of cultivation: cultivate healthy and strong one, two year spring tip and 2 years autumn growths, the short tender tip in the tender spring tip and tree crown periphery is a bearing basal shoot in the coming year in the spring tip tender leaf phase tree crown;
B, spray trace element: the tender tip of spring is before the flowers are in blossom and thank to the colored young fruit initial stage and respectively spray 1-2 time 0.2% borax or 0.1% boric acid+0.2% phosphoric acid=hydrogen potassium+0.3% urea liquid;
C, florescence, an amount of rich water of young fruit period and temperature: in bud stage and flowering stage, the running water orchard being arranged, suitably sprays water in teak ground;
D, secondary girdling: implement girdling one cutter in branch low level portion, stay a not girdling of sprig, girdling wants a cutter sensible, and implementing girdling must be according to spending the amount tree vigo(u)r, the many execution girdling when blossom fall 90% of flower amount; Flower amount is few spends at 60% o'clock and implements girdling thanking, and tree vigo(u)r is weak mustn't girdling;
3. cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cultivation method is taked following steps:
A. suitably regulate soil acidity or alkalinity, the optimum range of soil pH is 5.5～6.5; Should pay attention to reducing gradually soil acidity to characteristic of acid red soil, especially an amount of liming its acidity that neutralizes; To saline-alkali soil, then can execute sulphur, gypsum, physiological acidic fertilizer and fertilizer etc.;
B. sand soil keeping fertility is relatively poor, answers the gradation Shaoshi; The cohesive soil keeping fertility is stronger, and once the amount of executing can be many slightly; Saline-alkali soil should not be selected ammonium chloride, potassium chloride or sodium nitrate for use, and acid soil is executed phosphate fertilizer can select calcium magnesium phosphorus or rock phosphate for use; The calcareous local product is selected acidic fertiliziers such as superphosphate, sulfate of ammoniac; Usually fertilizer is made the base manure deep placement more, and is strong as mobility in soil such as nitrate fertilizer, urea, needs nitrogen many young sprout phase, young fruit period to use at teak, and can not broad irrigation after executing; Contain the high acid soil of manganese, should control using of physiological acidic fertilizer; It is fertile that alkaline soil should avoid using alkalescence, increases the weight of to prevent the teak iron deficiency; Phosphate fertilizer easily is fixed in soil, can cooperate organic fertilizer application;
C. rational application of fertilizer amount and element balance are used, and grasp rational fertilizing amount according to soil condition, tree body situation; Note the rational proportion of various elements, to keep the balance of setting the branch of recuperating;
D. fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer compounding application: fertilizer accounts for the over half of annual amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, and joins and execute inorganic fertilizer.
4. cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: spring, following steps were taked in the management of red skin red meat honey shaddock cultivation:
The deinsectization disease of going out:
A, pass the winter two spotted spider mite before spring early Febuary, the tip germinateed, medicine of spray cloth, Ke Mante adds 2000 times in water; Or mid-March, hexythiazox adds water 1000-1500 doubly;
B, prevent and treat various diseases: about 0.5 centimeter-5 centimeters at the late Febuary children tip is before bloom, and use Cal-cop 10: one jin, a traditional unit of weight of copper sulphate adds five jin, a traditional unit of weight of carbon ammoniums, adds 1000 jin, a traditional unit of weight in water after 24 hours with blister-pack and sprays and set entirely and ground; Or 0.5 centimeter-5 centimeters at the spring tip is before bloom and thank to the colored young fruit initial stage and respectively spray 1-2 time, adds 500 times of liquid of water and jinggangmycin adds 500 times of liquid mixing of water with topsin, and perhaps, carbendazim adds 500 times of liquid of water and jinggangmycin adds 500 times of liquid of water, is used alternatingly;
C, prevent and treat other insects: other insects add 1000 times of liquid of water with dichlorvos.
5. cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described red skin red meat honey shaddock treelet is more upright, half-open of bearing tree, tree crown semicircle capitiform; Except that the winter tip, each time tip all can become bearing basal shoot, but is main bearing basal shoot with the spring tip; Adopt the seedlings field planting, 1 year visible flower can be born fruit on the 3rd year, bearing tree year fertilising 3～4 times; With about 50 kilograms/strain of output, nitrogen is 0.9 kilogram, balance fertilizing ratio: nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: calcium: magnesium=1: 0.5: 1: 1.1: 0.4, divide fruit picking fertilizer, and executed in 7～10 days before and after the fruit picking, account for 40～60% of annual fertilizing amount; It is fertile to germinate, and execute front and back by the end of January, accounts for 15～25% of annual fertilizing amount; Fruit-promoting fertilizer is after stopping physiological fallen fruit, autumn growth sprouts and to use in preceding 10～15 days, accounts for 20～40% of annual fertilizing amount.
6. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: following steps are taked in the water management of red skin red meat honey shaddock: branch vegetative period, flower bud differentiation period, fruit development phase pour water in good time, keep ground moistening, irrigation quantity reaches 60～70% of maxmun field capacity; The method that red skin red meat honey shaddock is poured water is taked furrow irrigation, pouring, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation.
7. cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the suitable citrus adaptation zone plantation of described red skin red meat honey shaddock, but winter minimum temperature can not be lower than minus 8 degrees Centigrade, and the better area of mountain region and drainage condition is comparatively suitable.
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