CN104542147A - High-yield and cultivation method of Juhuaxin pomelo - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield and cultivation method of Juhuaxin pomelo. The method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting an orchard site; (2) digging a hole and improving soil; (3) field planting tree stocks: selecting poncirus trifoliate stock or citrus grandis to graft seedlings; (4) pruning in a natural open centre shape, promoting spring shoots, shearing summer shoots and removing autumn shoots; (5) managing flowers and fruits: spraying gibberellin (CA3) 50mg/kg, 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1 percent of borax on leaves to prevent fruit drop during a full-blossom period. According to the high-yield and cultivation method of the Juhuaxin pomelo, the poncirus trifoliate stock is adopted to graft the seedlings, so that after field planting, the root system is developed, the stress resistance is strong, the appetency is strong, the adaptability is wide, the tree form is semi-dwarf, the tree potential is strong and healthy, the close planting is suitable for being carried out, early mature and high yield is realized, and the quality is good. The citrus grandis is adopted to graft the seedlings, so that after field planting, the root system is developed, the stress resistance is strong, the adaptability is wide, the appetency is favorable, the tree potential is strong and healthy, the tree form is arborescent, the fruiting is delayed, and the high and stable yield can be achieved during the middle and later periods.

Description

A kind of Juhuaxin pomelo high-yield cultivating method

Technical field

The present invention relates to fruit cultivation field, specifically, provide a kind of high-yield cultivating method of Juhuaxin pomelo.

Background technology

Zhangjiajie Juhuaxin pomelo (having another name called Dayong Juhuaxin pomelo) belongs to the sweet shaddock landrace of red meat, and its cultivation history is long.Record according to " Dayong county annals ": " Dayong Juhuaxin pomelo, clearly during the time ruled by Emperor Guang Xu, Xi Xi level ground Hu Jiahe is spring cultivation recklessly, and shaddock navel has chrysanthemum line, therefore is named Juhuaxin pomelo, and its taste is fragrant and sweet, slightly micro-acid, storage tolerance.To August next year, plan acid disappears, more fragrant and more sweet ".The pre-peaceful liberation period, due to backward in technique, only there is the strain of adult fruit tree 38, nineteen sixties, adopt graft technology to breed seedlings more than 100,000, shaddock garden develops into more than 1700 mu, there is especially big freezing harm in January, 1977, teak successively decreases, by rescue, recover gradually again, send out the people and have more than 2000 mus so far, be mainly distributed in the Lishui River bank, but output is always not high, can not meet the needs in market, supply falls short of demand.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is the deficiency of the traditional cultivation method overcoming Juhuaxin pomelo, a kind of high-yield cultivating method of Juhuaxin pomelo is provided, the method science, the output of Juhuaxin pomelo can be significantly improved, the quality of chrysanthemum shaddock can also be improved further.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention: a kind of Juhuaxin pomelo high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:

(1) field is selected: select the content of organic matter more than 2%, soil layer is deep, active soil stratum at more than 60cm, P in soil H value 6.5-7.5, below height above sea level 300m, subterranean water level overhead below 1m, the leeward level land that faces south or the gradient are less than the hilly and mountainous land of 15o;

(2) dig cave to improve the soil: dig trench or large cave before planting, the ridge, ridge improves the soil, the wide 1.0m of trench; Dark 0.8m-1.0m; Large cave diameter 1.0m, dark 0.8m-1.0m; The ridge, ridge diameter 1.0m, high 0.8m.Farmyard manure 30kg-50kg is executed on every cubic metre of ditch, cave, ridge, mixes or ridge is gone back in layering with soil;

(3) stock field planting: select trifoliate orange anvil or sour shaddock grafting nursery stock, mid-October-early November carry out fall planting or late Febuary-mid-March carries out spring planting, trifoliate orange anvil: every mu, level land field planting 45 strain, hillside fields field planting 56 strain; Acid shaddock anvil: every mu, level land field planting 33 strain, hillside fields field planting 42 strain; Before field planting, each planting pit applies 3kg cake fertilizer, and 1kg phosphate fertilizer, fully mixes and stirs with soil, applies the bottom in cave.

(4) pruning: prune and adopt natural open centre shape, the short spring tip, cut folding summer shoot, last autumn the tip, the treelet phase prunes should be light, and the firstfruits phase is trimmed to master to dredge to delete, and cutting back was deleted pruning combine with thin the full bearing period;

(5) flower and fruit management: full-bloom stage foliage-spray gibberellin (CA3) 50mg/kg+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.1% borax carries out fruit retention; After physiological fallen fruit, (late May) carries out first time fruit thinning for the first time, 5 years raw tree knot standard fruits 4-8; 6-8 raw tree knot standard fruit 20-30; 10 years raw tree knot standard fruits 50-60.The full bearing period: 11 years life-14 year raw tree knot standard fruits 80-100; 15 years life-17 year raw tree knot standard fruits 120-150; 18 years life-20 year raw tree knot standard fruits 180-250; Remove disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, fruitlet and Mi Sheng fruit; Second time fruit thinning (mid-June) after second time physiological fallen fruit carries out, and removes fruitlet and malformed fruit, Mi Shengguo.

(6) gather: select fine day fruit picking, during fruit picking, first hold fruit top with the right hand, shaddock fruit is cut together with carpopodium, then cuts flat base of fruit.

The present invention adopts well developed root system after the field planting of trifoliate orange stock grafting seedling wood, and strong stress resistance, affinity are strong, wide adaptability, tree-like half is downgraded, tree vigo(u)r is strong, suitable dense planting, early fruiting and high yield, quality better.Adopt well developed root system after sour shaddock grafting seedling planting, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, affinity good, tree vigo(u)r is good for strong, tree-like Qiaoization, result comparatively late, middle and later periods high and stable yield.

Embodiment

One, field is selected.

1, weather conditions

Average temperature of the whole year 16.8 DEG C-22 DEG C, 1 monthly mean temperature >=4 DEG C, absolute minimum temperature-3.5 DEG C, the annual accumution of >=10 DEG C more than 4800-5400 DEG C, annual rainfall 1200 one 1400 millimeters, more than 1450 hours sunshine of annual, without serious periodically freeze injury.

2, soil condition

Fertile soil, best with the cultivation of fluvial outwash husky territory.The content of organic matter is more than 2%, and soil layer is deep, and active soil stratum is at more than 60cm, and P in soil H value 6.5-7.5 is the suitableeest, below height above sea level 300m, subterranean water level overhead below 1m.

3, topography

Level land or the gradient are less than the hilly and mountainous land of 15o, leeward on the sunny side.

Two, stock is selected.

Select trifoliate orange anvil and sour shaddock as stock.Well developed root system after the field planting of trifoliate orange stock grafting seedling wood, strong stress resistance, affinity are strong, wide adaptability, tree-like half is downgraded, tree vigo(u)r is strong, suitable dense planting, early fruiting and high yield, quality better.After acid shaddock grafting seedling planting, well, it is comparatively slow that tree vigo(u)r is good for strong, tree-like Qiaoization, result, middle and later periods high and stable yield for well developed root system, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, affinity.The general fall planting of grafting mid-October-early November or late Febuary-spring planting mid-March, container seedling should be planted in March-October.Level land trifoliate orange anvil: every mu of field planting 45 Zhu ﹙ 5 × 3 meter ﹚; Hillside fields field planting 56 Zhu ﹙ 4 × 3 meter ﹚.Level land acid anvil: every mu of field planting 33 Zhu ﹙ 5 × 4 meter ﹚; Hillside fields field planting 42 Zhu ﹙ 4 × 4 meter ﹚.Proportions peace river glutinous rice shaddock by 10:1 during field planting does pollinizers.

Three, soil melioration.

Trench or large cave should be dug before planting, the ridge, ridge improves the soil, the wide 1.0m of trench; Dark 0.8m-1.0m; Large cave diameter 1.0m, dark 0.8m-1.0m; The ridge, ridge diameter 1.0m, high 0.8m.Paddy field or chaor, dig dark drain ditch and subterranean water level dropped to below 1m.Farmyard manure 30kg-50kg is executed on every cubic metre of ditch, cave, ridge, mixes or ridge is gone back in layering with soil.PH value, lower than the soil of 5.5, adds appropriate lime during backfill, the soil that pH value reaches 6.5-7.5 is advisable.

Four, plant

Before field planting, each planting pit applies 3kg cake fertilizer, and 1kg phosphate fertilizer, fully mixes and stirs with soil, applies the bottom in cave.Put into planting pit central authorities by after the root system of nursery stock and branches and leaves moderate pruning, unfold root system, righting to cave, banket while upwards carry seedling gently, step on consolidation, make root system and soil close contact, dark not shallow, collar is equal with ground, expose grafting mouth.When container seedling is planted, first band soil takes out nursery stock from container, erases casing soil, exposed portion root system with hand, then put into planting pit central authorities, ridging, righting to cave, step on consolidation.Will water normal root water after seedling planting, every strain is watered 5-8kg, becomes a fine day when not raining, waters once, until survive every a week.

Five, clay fertilizer water management

Plough deeply expand cave improve the soil the time autumn growth stop long after (September-October) carry out the best.From field planting Second Year autumn, outwards to improve the soil successively every year slaking expansion in original plant hole edge.Outside excavation 1-2 long 1m-2m, wide 0.5-0.6m, the ditch of dark 0.5-0.7m.During ditching, table soil, cubsoil pile up separately, dig the high neat soil in time of disconnected root and cut flat.During backfill, the layering of every cave imbeds thick fertilizer 50kg-60kg, the lime 0.5kg-1kg such as green manure, weeds, stalk, superphosphate 1.5kg, farmyard manure 20kg-30kg, the colza cake 3kg-6kg such as the people domestic animals of becoming thoroughly decomposed.Thick fertilizer, lime and table soil insert middle lower floor successively, and the mixing of farmyard manure, cake fertilizer and cubsoil is filled out at the middle and upper levels, then blinding 10cm-20cm above ground level.Before Juhuaxin pomelo enters the full bearing period, complete the whole nation expand cave and to improve the soil work.

Six, apply fertilizer

Based on soil application, in conjunction with foliar application.Soil application can adopt ring-type ditch spread, bar ditch spread, spread manuer in holes and the method such as to be spread fertilizer over the fields in native face.Ditch spread to be dripped the ditching of shallow place, cave (attenuating 50cm × wide 20cm × dark 10cm) at tree crown, thing, north and south symmetrical wheel change place.Rain or after irrigation, urea can be spread fertilizer over the fields in native face; The shaddock garden of micro-spray and drip irrigation facility is had to carry out fertigation.During treelet fertilising, duty executes thin executing, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and compounding application phosphorus, potash fertilizer.Before spring, summer, autumn growth pumping 10d-15d and after taking out the tip 10d-15d respectively carry out a soil application 1 time-2 times, terminal bud from cut to young sprout turn green before carry out foliage spray 1 time-2 times in conjunction with diseases and pests controlling.1 year-3 years raw treelet every mu year executed 15 1 25 kilograms, urea.Fertilizing amount is increased at the most year by year by few.4th year raw treelet every mu is by fertilization compositions based on earth measurement or execute 40 ﹪ composite fertilizer 50 1 70 kilograms.Withered 75 1 100 kilograms of Lay is executed in output 1500kg, natural pond slag 5,000 one 7000 kilograms or natural pond liquid 3 cubic metres during bearing-age tree fertilising.Rudiment fertilizer is used at early March, uses instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for annual 40%-50%, and Phosphorus fertilizer usage accounts for annual 20%-30%, and K Amounts accounts for annual 30%; Fruit-promoting fertilizer mid-June-mid-July applies, fertilizer is main, and coordinate with nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, Rate of Organic Fertilizer accounts for annual 80%-90%, and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for annual 20%-30%, and Phosphorus fertilizer usage accounts for annual 30%-40%; K Amounts accounts for annual 50%; Improve the soil and use in fruit picking fertilizer combination expansion cave before and after fruit picking, based on organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for annual 20%-30%, and Phosphorus fertilizer usage accounts for annual 30%-40%, and K Amounts accounts for 20% of the whole year.2-3 foliage spraies are carried out in conjunction with soil trace element shortage in Spring-shoot growth phase and SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING.

Seven, pruning.

Juhuaxin pomelo tree adopts natural open centre shape.Dry high 50cm-60cm, has central trunk, while central trunk extends, and 4-5, major branch of selecting and remain, major branch spacing 50cm-60cm, branch angle about 45o.Major branch is distributed with level or staggers on center is dry, each major branch configures secondary major branch or side shoot 3-5, branch angle about 40o.Tree-like appropriateness is opened a business, and branch is scattered uneven, and the height of tree controls less than 3 meters.The treelet phase (life in-4 years in 1 year) prunes should be light.Appropriate cutting back is carried out with each major branch, secondary major branch, side shoot, elongated shoot to selected center is dry, the intersection branch, overlapping branch, competitive branch etc. tree-like with upset to overstocked branch group are done suitably to dredge to delete or cutting back, other treetop all can not be pruned, and the more weak branch of interior thorax branch and tree crown middle and lower part generally all should retain.The firstfruits phase (life in-10 years in 5 years) is trimmed to master to dredge to delete.Continue to carry out appropriate cutting back process to the elongated shoot of skeleton branch at different levels, other branch generally should use cutting back less.Emphasis is control tree crown top, opens " skylight ", opens " side window ", and thorax in light is introduced, interior thorax vertical branch and the thin of peripheral branch delete pruning.Namely to tree crown top and the overstocked branch group in periphery, by the method for " three go, five to go two ", strong to vertical branch, growing way and that close life is weak branch is dredged and goes, retain the branch of the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school.Prune the full bearing period and adopt cutting back to delete pruning combine with thin.Timely retraction fruit-bearing shoot cluster, fruit drop branch group and decline branch group.Wipe out deadwood, sick branch.More crowded skeleton branch is suitably pruned off open " side window ", thorax in light is introduced.The more Winter hardness vegetative shoot of pumping, should erase in time, in order to avoid affect flower bud differentiation, prevent biennial fruiting then.Appropriate flower and fruit thinning when flower amount is larger, dredges in time part long shoot inflorescence and smears process.The old and feeble pruning upgrading tree is divided into local updating, rotation upgrades and undisguisedly upgrades, local updating is the plant also having economic reserve value, minority branch is only had to fail, adopt cutting back or retraction decline branch group, dredge and delete the close weak branch group of part, all vegetative shoot of cutting back and have leaf fruit bearing shoot, all dredge the fruit that deflorates.Before spring tip rudiment, rotation renewal carried out to plant if desired or undisguisedly upgrade.The branch inspired through renewal pruning answers cutting back enriching shoot, retains golden mean of the Confucian school branch and weak branch.

Eight, flower and fruit management.

Firstfruits Juhuaxin pomelo tree can take to be completely cured at physiological flower bud differentiation phase (October-November), shine root, girdling, draw branch, control nitrogen, control water, Bao Ye or use the measures such as micro-fertilizer (boron, zinc) and promote children, prosperous tree flower bud differentiation.Take artificial flower thinning.The tree suitable flower thinning large to flower amount.When bud match end is large, dredge go on a bearing basal shoot, the inflorescence of head and afterbody, only stay middle 1-2 healthy and strong inflorescence; Dredge and remove long shoot inflorescence; Remove malformed flower, small and weak flower and sick worm flower when bud is now white, retain without leaf list flower as far as possible and have Ye Danhua, an inflorescence only stays 2-4 healthy and strong flowers.Gather the peace river glutinous rice shaddock pollinizers flower opened the same day in flowering stage, remove petal and column cap, spread out hand-held anthocaulus after pollen until anther dehiscence and its pollen point is awarded on the column cap of the Juhuaxin pomelo flower opened the same day.Pollination time is carry out at 8-10 o'clock of that morning or 3-4 o'clock of afternoon.Advocate bee pollination.Full-bloom stage foliage-spray gibberellin (CA3) 50mg/kg+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.1% borax 2-3 times.

After Juhuaxin pomelo tree first time physiological fallen fruit (late May) carry out first time fruit thinning, 5 years raw tree knot standards really 4-8; 6-8 years raw tree knot standard fruits 20-30; 10 years raw tree knot standard fruits 50-60.The full bearing period: 11 years life-14 year raw tree knot standard fruits 80-100; 15 years life-17 year raw tree knot standard fruits 120-150; 18 years life-20 year raw tree knot standard fruits 180-250.Remove disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, fruitlet and Mi Sheng fruit.Second time fruit thinning (mid-June) after second time physiological fallen fruit carries out, and removes fruitlet and malformed fruit, Mi Shengguo.Bagging time is late June carry out fruit bagging, should a situation arises according to shaddock garden damage by disease and insect at that time before bagging, and medicine is carefully sprayed once in Xian Quan garden, is advisable with single ply bag with sweet shaddock bag special cover fruit then in time, and before fruit harvesting, to pluck bag painted for about 20d.

Nine, gather.

Storage fruit is general gathered in late November, and general the gathering in early December of marketing fresh fruit is advisable.Select fine day fruit picking, unsuitable fruit picking after rainy day, rain or when dew is not dry, picking time, as the rainy day, will gather after becoming a fine day 4d-5d.During fruit picking, first hold fruit top with the right hand, shaddock fruit is cut together with carpopodium, then cuts flat base of fruit, handle with care.By from outside to inside, order from top to bottom plucks shaddock fruit.

Claims (1)

1. a chrysanthemum core high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:

(1) field is selected: select the content of organic matter more than 2%, soil layer is deep, active soil stratum at more than 60cm, P in soil H value 6.5-7.5, below height above sea level 300m, subterranean water level overhead below 1m, the leeward level land that faces south or the gradient are less than the hilly and mountainous land of 15o;

(2) dig cave to improve the soil: dig trench or large cave before planting, the ridge, ridge improves the soil, the wide 1.0m of trench; Dark 0.8m-1.0m; Large cave diameter 1.0m, dark 0.8m-1.0m; The ridge, ridge diameter 1.0m, high 0.8m; Farmyard manure 30kg-50kg is executed on every cubic metre of ditch, cave, ridge, mixes or ridge is gone back in layering with soil;

(3) stock field planting: select trifoliate orange anvil or sour shaddock grafting nursery stock, mid-October-early November carry out fall planting or late Febuary-mid-March carries out spring planting, trifoliate orange anvil: every mu, level land field planting 45 strain, hillside fields field planting 56 strain; Acid shaddock anvil: every mu, level land field planting 33 strain, hillside fields field planting 42 strain; Before field planting, each planting pit applies 3kg cake fertilizer, and 1kg phosphate fertilizer, fully mixes and stirs with soil, applies the bottom in cave;

(4) pruning: prune and adopt natural open centre shape, the short spring tip, cut folding summer shoot, last autumn the tip, the treelet phase prunes should be light, and the firstfruits phase is trimmed to master to dredge to delete, and cutting back was deleted pruning combine with thin the full bearing period;

(5) flower and fruit management: full-bloom stage foliage-spray gibberellin (CA3) 50mg/kg+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.1% borax carries out fruit retention; After physiological fallen fruit, (late May) carries out first time fruit thinning for the first time, 5 years raw tree knot standard fruits 4-8; 6-8 years raw tree knot standard fruits 20-30; 10 years raw tree knot standard fruits 50-60;

The full bearing period: 11 years life-14 year raw tree knot standard fruits 80-100; 15 years life-17 year raw tree knot standard fruits 120-150; 18 years life-20 year raw tree knot standard fruits 180-250; Remove disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, fruitlet and Mi Sheng fruit; Second time fruit thinning (mid-June) after second time physiological fallen fruit carries out, and removes fruitlet and malformed fruit, Mi Shengguo;

(6) gather: select fine day fruit picking, during fruit picking, first hold fruit top with the right hand, shaddock fruit is cut together with carpopodium, then cuts flat base of fruit.