CN106171370A - A kind of method shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield - Google Patents
A kind of method shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN106171370A CN106171370A CN201610506884.7A CN201610506884A CN106171370A CN 106171370 A CN106171370 A CN 106171370A CN 201610506884 A CN201610506884 A CN 201610506884A CN 106171370 A CN106171370 A CN 106171370A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield, is included in pear tree field planting and uses the most dry-coated bud mode to combine tree-like arrangement then to carry out setting the rapid shaping of body；On the basis of First Year, continue increasing and educate Branches of Different Orders, reinforcement rich water, rationally repair；Strengthen rich water quality management after entering the best fruiting period and adjust tree crown skeleton etc..The inventive method can make Young pear trees entrance high yield period shift to an earlier date more than 1～2 year, it is achieved field planting in a year, two annual bearings, within 3 years, has yield, within 4 years, enters high yield period, and premature labor effect of high-yield is notable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of the shortening tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time knot
The method of fruit high yield.
Background technology
Pears are worldwide fruits, add up according to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), and by 2010, the country cultivating pear tree in the world had
85, the pear cultivation gross area and total output are respectively 157.03 ten thousand hm2With 2273.11 ten thousand t.Pear tree is to the adaptation ability of soil very
By force, though mountain region, hills, sandy wasteland, depression, salt-soda soil and red soil, can normal long result.
China's pear cultivation gross area and total output all occupy first place in the world.China's pear tree cultivation history is long, aboundresources, plants
Training area and yield occupy first place in the world always, and Li Yeshi China develops one of the most rapid fruit, occupy whole nation fruit at home
The cultivation gross area and the 3rd of total output, produces as variation tendency with world's pears, and China's pears industry development is totally in steadily
Rise situation.
From the point of view of planting area, China's pears planting range is wide, and in addition to Hainan Province, Hong Kong and Macao, all there is plantation remaining each province.
This make China become the pears kind cultivated in the world and kind at most, big producing country that planting range is the widest, largest.River
North, Shandong, Liaoning San Sheng are the concentration producing regions of China's pears, and cultivated area accounts for about half, and yield accounts for more than 60%, Qi Zhonghe
North saves annual production and accounts for the 1/3 of China.
In recent years, along with newly-built theatre enters the best fruiting period, and the popularization and application of new technique, new model, except total output obtains
Outside being greatly improved, within 2015, China's pears yield per unit area has also reached world average level, but, China's pear tree development
There is pear tree and shape slow, enter fruiting period or high yield period excessive cycle (general 5 or six years), these all constrain China pear tree
The fast development of industry.Visible, China's pears industry can continue to strengthen the popularization of Cultivar replacing and new technique, new cultivation mode should
By dynamics, obtain bigger room for promotion at aspects such as Young pear trees prunings, ahead of time result high yield.
Young pear trees apical dominance by force, becomes principal stresses low, and mitogenetic angle is little, the easy obvolvent of tree crown, upper strong outer the most more apparent, the most certainly
So the most disposable growth of growth, above feature constrains shaping as early as possible and the formation of bud of Young pear trees, causes newly-built pears
Garden early stage growing way is the most vigorous, and pear tree shapes slow, and bud is difficult to be formed, and result is late, yields poorly.
Summary of the invention
For solving problem above, the present invention provides a kind of side shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield
Method, it is achieved field planting in a year, two annual bearings, within 3 years, there is yield, within 4 years, enter high yield period.
To this end, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that: a kind of tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result of shortening is got bumper crops
Method, mainly uses the most dry-coated bud mode to combine tree-like arrangement then in pear tree field planting and carries out setting the rapid shaping of body；
Described fixed dry-coated bud method is: before early March new field planting pear tree germinates, surely doing pear tree, height is at 80-
100cm, under clip, the first bud stays weak bud, the second bud, the 3rd bud to erase, and naturally sprouts below the 4th bud；Come into play at tree bud,
Pear tree phloem and xylem are initially separated and time bud is not also sprouted, smear needing with branching promoter for plant on the bud sprouted,
Polarity is done at relative reduction center, in dry growth force weaken, grow 5～6 branches that orientation is suitable, force relatively equalizes then；
Described tree-like arrangement: May, early and middle ten days was to early and middle ten days in June, during Growth of Pear Trees, the new life stronger to growth force
It is long that branch carries out pinching control, stop growing early branch more weak to growth force, is again coated with branching promoter for plant, promotees it and continue raw on terminal bud
Long；Late July, stopping being coated with on the location lateral bud that long terminal bud Shang Ji center is dry branching promoter for plant, making it continue sprouting growth；
Above-mentioned pear tree use then the most dry-coated bud mode combine tree-like arrangement carry out set body rapid shaping, concrete steps
It is:
(1) selection of seedling: selecting sturdy, sprout is full, without the high-quality pear Seedling of pest and disease damage；
(2) dig field planting ditch: dig field planting ditch, execute decomposed manure 3000kg, compound fertilizer 150kg, soil according to every 666.7
Backfill, flood irrigation ditch, heavy real；
(3) dig planting pit, after pears shoot roots system is pruned, plant by the density of seeding row spacing 4m × 2m, water；
(4) fixed dry-coated bud: before early March new field planting pear tree germinates, surely doing pear tree, height, at 80-100cm, is cut
Under mouthful, the first bud stays weak bud, and the second bud, the 3rd bud are erased, and naturally sprouts below the 4th bud；Come into play at tree bud, pear tree bast
Portion and xylem are initially separated and time bud is not also sprouted, smear needing with branching promoter for plant on the bud sprouted, relative reduction
Polarity is done at center, in dry growth force weaken, grow 5～6 branches that orientation is suitable, force relatively equalizes then；
(5) strengthen rich water quality management, promote shoot growth: when young sprout grows to 15-20cm, start fertilising for the first time, use
Spreading manuer in holes, every 666.7 execute carbamide 30kg, execute continuously 2 times, every minor tick 20 days, and after July, fertilising is based on P, K fertilizer；
(6) tree-like arrangement: May, early and middle ten days was to early and middle ten days in June, during Growth of Pear Trees, the new life stronger to growth force
It is long that branch carries out pinching control, stop growing early branch more weak to growth force, is again coated with branching promoter for plant, promotees it and continue raw on terminal bud
Long；Late July, stopping being coated with on the location lateral bud that long terminal bud Shang Ji center is dry branching promoter for plant, making it continue sprouting growth.
On the basis of First Year, continue increasing and educate Branches of Different Orders, reinforcement rich water, rationally repair；Specifically:
(1) on the basis of First Year shaping, continue increasing and educate Branches of Different Orders, master branches at different levels and auxiliary support branch are lacked branch position
Place is coated with branching promoter for plant and increases branch short covering, inspires shoot and improves tree crown, promotes that pear tree shapes as early as possible；
(2) rich water supply is strengthened: 3-6 month, based on N fertilizer；After July, based on P, K fertilizer, being aided with high-quality has
Machine is fertile, in conjunction with foliage-spray；Autumn applies base manure, and the most every 666.7 execute decomposed manure 3000kg 4000kg, after fertilising
Water a water, before entering the winter, water freeze-up water；Before germination, Xie Huahou, fruit expanding period topdress, early stage based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, after
Phase executes phosphorus potash fertilizer more；Water in time after fertilising；Growing season carries out foliage application；
(3) the Second Year spring, pear tree branch center dry curtailment 50cm can not cut, and stays 40-more than cutting of 50cm
50cm, remaining is motionless；To mid-August, the branch of more than 40cm is pulled into level, and makes each branch be uniformly distributed, complementary space；The
In 3 year spring, end of the branch, center is cut and is stayed 40 1 60cm.
Strengthen rich water quality management after entering the best fruiting period and adjust tree crown skeleton, specifically:
(1) heavy dressing base manure, executes best with the autumn, executes high-quality fertilizer more, and the most every 666.7 organic fertilizer 5000kg are excellent
Matter compound fertilizer 300-400kg；If bud amount is more, can suitable many nitrogen fertilizer applications, be aided with phosphorus, potash fertilizer；Otherwise with phosphorus, potassium it is then
Main, it is aided with nitrogenous fertilizer.
(2) tree crown skeleton is adjusted, holding golden mean of the Confucian school tree vigo(u)r: the tree more weak to tree vigo(u)r, typically want many sections and put less, reduce thin more,
Stay go by force weak；Accomplishing to set by force weak branch leading, weak tree enriching shoot is leading；Key elongated shoot is pruned and wants appropriateness, to inspire brachyplast, forms knot
Fruit branch group；Extending head within general 50cm, light pruning 1/3～1/4；More than the surging elongated shoot of 50cm increment, can cut off
30cm, promotes young sprout and the brachyplast of its pumping stalwartness；When tree body result quantities is big, and tree body is excessively opened a business, the most sagging, supports with crotch
Withstand bough, keep the branch angle of 60 °～70 °, or wipe out descending branch；Meanwhile, utilize the vigorous branches of back, again cultivate skeleton branch,
Maintain high yield tree-like.
The present invention is by applying Chouzhibao shaping to treelet theatre, in conjunction with Efficient Cultivation control measures, promotes pears children
Tree orientation, the raw branch in location, save labor, accelerate to shape；By efficient rich water, prune control measures, promote bud differentiation, improve
The bud quality and quantity, make Young pear trees enter high yield period ahead of time.
The inventive method can make Young pear trees entrance high yield period shift to an earlier date more than 1～2 year, it is achieved field planting in a year, two annual bearings, and three
There is yield in year, within 4 years, enters high yield period；Within 3rd year every 666.7, reach more than 2500kg, after 4 years, enter high yield period every 666.7
Reaching the good result of more than 4000kg, increase production more than 25% than common management, premature labor effect of high-yield is notable.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific implementation method, technical scheme and produced technique effect thereof are carried out further
Elaboration, the present invention merely to explain the present invention, but is any limitation as, teaches based on the present invention by the description below never in any form
Lead any conversion or replacement made, belong to protection scope of the present invention.Method used in the present invention is as without special theory
Bright, it is this area conventional method.Test material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can be from business
Industry approach obtains.
Embodiment 1. shortens the method for the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield, comprises the following steps:
One, First Year management
1, selection of seedling: selecting sturdy, sprout is full, without the high-quality pear Seedling of pest and disease damage
2, field planting ditch is dug: digging deep 80cm, the field planting ditch of wide 60cm, topsoil is placed respectively with deep soil, then, often
666.7 prepare to become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 3000kg, the high-quality compound fertilizer 150kg of (weed fertilizer, cattle, sheep, chicken manure etc.), mix homogeneously with soil
After, carry out soil backfill, note first filling out deep soil during backfill, then fill out topsoil, then flood irrigation ditch, heavy real.
3, field planting: before field planting, digs the square planting pit of 30cm, prunes pears shoot roots system and (mainly cuts off long, machine
Tool damage root) after, plant by the density of seeding row spacing 4m × 2m, after cultivation, water.
4, fixed dry-coated bud: early March, before new field planting pear tree germinates, does surely to pear tree, and height, at 80-100cm, is cut
Under mouthful, the first bud stays weak bud, controls its growth force, and the second bud, the 3rd bud are erased, and reach to press down nature the first transaction of a day's business bottom branch under rush
The purpose of mitogenetic angle, the 4th bud (the most having become the second bud) is sprouted the most naturally.Come into play at tree bud, pear tree bast
Portion and xylem are initially separated and bud time also end is sprouted, and smear needing with branching promoter for plant, each sprout on the bud sprouted
Smear uniformly but do not injure sprout.Polarity is done at so relative reduction center, in dry growth force weaken, it is ensured that grow then
4～5 branches that orientation is suitable, force relatively equalizes.
5, strengthen rich water quality management, promote shoot growth
When young sprout grows to 15-20cm, starting fertilising for the first time, employing is spreaded manuer in holes, and digs the shallow cave of deep 15cm away from trunk 30cm,
Executing carbamide, every 666.7 execute 30kg, execute continuously 2 times, every minor tick 20 days, promote the growth of pear tree branch.After July, execute
Fertile using P, K fertilizer: compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 100-150Kg/666.7, calcium magnesium phosphate 200-300Kg/666.7 are as base manure
Concentrating applies in the 20-40cm soil layer that radicula is more, controls pear tree and crosses prosperous growth, promotes flower_bud formation.
6, tree-like arrangement: the first tenday period of a month in May, during Growth of Pear Trees, if pear tree shoot growth force is unbalanced, to growth force
It is long that stronger innovation carries out pinching control, the branch that stop growing early more weak to growth force, can on terminal bud secondary coating, promote
Its continued growth, reaches the purpose of relative equilibrium between branch.Late July, continue to stop dry the determining in long terminal bud Shang Ji center at these
Coating on the lateral bud of position, makes it continue sprouting growth.
Two, the management of second and third year
On the basis of First Year shaping, continue increasing and educate Branches of Different Orders, master branches at different levels and auxiliary support branch are lacked branch position
Coating increases branch short covering, inspires shoot and improves tree crown, promotes that pear tree shapes as early as possible.Meanwhile, strengthening rich water supply, 3-6 month, with N
Fertilizer is main: carbamide 150-200Kg/666.7, promotes that tree body is long soon and shapes；After July, based on P, K can, be aided with excellent
Matter fertilizer: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 200-300Kg/666.7 and fertilizer (such as cattle, the sheep stool etc.) 3000-4000Kg/ become thoroughly decomposed
666.7 mix homogeneously, apply as base manure in the soil layer of 20-40cm；In conjunction with foliage-spray, foliage application 0.3% carbamide,
From spring to autumn, all can spray use, carbamide can be added in conjunction with spray medicine, after physiological fallen fruit, spray 2～3 hypophosphorous acid dihydros to collection period
Potassium 0.3%～0.5%.For improving effect, preferably at calm fine day, early and evening sprays fertilizer, it is to avoid sprays fertilizer at noon, draws with high temperature-proof
Play poisoning.The nutritional need of Growth status and bud so can be effectively ensured, on the one hand make pear tree growing way healthy and strong, become as early as possible
Shape, on the other hand promotes that pear tree bud is formed as early as possible, enters fruiting period.
Autumn applies base manure, and the most every 666.7 execute decomposed manure 3000kg；If there being nutritional deficiency disease, mixed in base manure
Fertile in a subtle way and long-lasting complete-nutrition compound fertilizer once applies.Base manure applies should not be too deep, and fertilization depth is advisable with 30-40cm, executes every time
Will water after fertilizer, before entering the winter, water the most freeze-up water.Growing season can carry out foliage application in conjunction with spray medicine, and the kind of spray fertilizer can be selected for
Balance leaf fertilizer, carbamide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, multielement micro-fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers etc., trace element supplement；Pear tree waters 5 water the whole year, i.e. blooms
Before, after fallen flowers, the spring tip stop long before, after fruit picking in autumn, winter freeze-up before respectively water 1 time.Gathering, front and back water should be in conjunction with Qiu Shiji
Fertilizer is carried out, and freeze-up water should water foot and irrigate, and to strengthen tree vigo(u)r, improves tree body freezing tolerance, and can kill a part of wintering pest evil,
Ensure tree body safety.
Pruning to 2-3 treelet should be lacked sparse branching, be put branch more.The Second Year spring, pear tree branch center dry curtailment 50cm
Can not cut, stay 40-50cm more than cutting of 50cm, remaining is motionless；To mid-August, the branch of more than 40cm is pulled into level,
And make each branch be uniformly distributed, complementary space.In 3rd year spring, end of the branch, center is cut and is stayed 40 1 60cm.
Young pear trees polarity is strong, crotch angle is little, production must impose and draw a measure, angle is strutted, to be conducive to children
The shaping of tree and Early blooming and fruiting.In 8-10 month in autumn, just locating Later growth, branch is softer, now draws branch convenient to operate, can reduce
Branch split, improves illumination condition, in being conducive to, brachyplast and the formation of bud, reduces the generation emitting bar phenomenon after drawing branch.Draw branch
Time, where to need Fructus Gardeniae according to the angle and direction of tree-like requirement, where is it space is just drawn toward that.Main, side shoot skeleton branch draws
Becoming 65-70 degree angle, auxiliary support branch pulls into about an angle of 90 degrees, is less than 30 degree for base angle or has the branch at bark pocket angle, can anti-bowing draw
To reverse side, in case splitting.Owing to pear tree branch is harder, should first take branch to soften when drawing, then tied rope is fixed on the position of requirement.Quilt
Draw branch to carry out girdling the 5-6 month in the 3rd year or band girdle processes, draw an effect to increase.
Three, the management after the best fruiting period is entered
1, strengthening rich water quality management, it is ensured that the yield of fruit and quality: pear tree enters the best fruiting period, trunk infusion consumption increases,
Tree vigo(u)r gradually weakens, and this phase should strengthen rich water supply, and to ensure yield and the quality of fruit, and tree body is healthy and strong.Heavy dressing base manure,
Execute with the autumn best, execute high-quality fertilizer, the most every 666.7 organic fertilizer 5000kg, high-quality compound fertilizer 300kg more.
2, adjust tree crown skeleton, keep golden mean of the Confucian school tree vigo(u)r
The tree body in the best fruiting period, result quantities is big, if pruning improper, tree vigo(u)r is easy for weak, makes yield decline.To tree vigo(u)r relatively
Weak tree, typically wants many sections and puts less, reduce thin more, stay go by force weak.Accomplishing to set by force weak branch leading, weak tree enriching shoot is leading.Backbone prolongs
Long pruning wants appropriateness, to inspire brachyplast, forms fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Extending head within general 50cm, light pruning 1/3～1/4；Super
Cross the surging elongated shoot of 50cm increment, 30cm can be cut off, promote young sprout and the brachyplast of its pumping stalwartness.When tree body result quantities
Greatly, tree body is excessively opened a business, the most sagging, lives bough with crotch support, keeps the branch angle of 60 °～70 °, or wipe out descending branch.With
Time, utilize the vigorous branches of back, again cultivate skeleton branch, maintain high yield tree-like.
Points for attention:
(1) fixed dry-coated bud: it is suitable that sprout is coated with the branching promoter for plant time, in practice it has proved that, pear tree is preferably coated with in growth early stage and mid-term
Medicine, i.e. late March is to late July, and these are in four months, has three optimum period, and one is late March；Two is early and middle ten days in May
To early and middle ten days in June；Three is late July.Late June to July early and middle ten days high temperature season, coating effect is bad, unsuitable medication.First
The effect of secondary coating is proleptic branch, sends out branch, multiple branch soon, and the effect of rear twice coating is to promote too early dormant top respectively
Bud and leaf bud raw then send out branch, reach to set body balance or the purpose of multiple branch.
(2) innovation pruning technique, promotes that pear tree does sth. in advance result
Principle is first to promote to delay afterwards, promotees slow combination.The treelet that 1-2 is raw, when the winter cuts, some branches of many cutting backs, in 3-6 month, promote
Enter branch fast-growth, increase total branch amount of full tree；After July, carry out branch delaying and put process, use open-angle device spreading angle
50-60 degree, carries out branch delaying and puts process, to promote the formation of bud.After after 3 years, pear tree substantially shapes and starts result,
Further according to situation, some light prunings, have slow puts: for preparing to cultivate the branch for skeleton branch, can suitable light pruning, and to remaining
Branch, then as far as possible to stay more, after slow putting, promote its mitogenetic in, short fruitful branch, increase the branch and leaf amount of full tree, this is young
The material base that age, pear tree yielded positive results ahead of time.Long shoot on the slow tree putting firstfruits and the tree that growing way is more prosperous or middle branch, have bright
The effect of aobvious promotion flower_bud formation and ahead of time result.Long shoot is slow put 1 or two years after, the method such as will take that cutting back or contracting are cut in time
Adjusted.
(3) rich water quality management is strengthened, it is ensured that season of growth pear tree nutritional need.
Application branching promoter for plant auxiliary pear tree shaping, must note the need meeting pear tree Various Seasonal and developmental stage to rich water
Ask.Treelet is applied fertilizer, and takes duty to execute thin executing, is i.e. meeting Growth of Pear Trees demand, in the case of total fertilization amount determines, reduces every as far as possible
Secondary dose, increases fertilizer application frequency, it is ensured that the sufficient supply in time of rich water, promotes that tree crown shapes as early as possible.Fruiting period pear tree is applied fertilizer,
Needing nitrogen 0.4Kg, phosphorus 0.2Kg～0.3Kg by every 100Kg melonidum, potassium 0.4Kg applies fertilizer, and in trace element, pears are to calcium and boron
There are certain demand, particularly bartlett pear kind, calcium deficiency or nitrogen, calcium than imbalance, the physiological diseases such as pin spot disease can be caused
Occurring, boron deficiency then can reduce fruit-setting rate, should be supplemented during fertilising.Autumn basal dressing should be paid attention to, rationally topdress.Soil application is every
666.7 carbamide 30Kg, potassium sulfate 28Kg, calcium superphosphate 25Kg (as then used calcium magnesium phosphate for yellow earth), be equipped with dung polluted water
More than 4000kg, the grass of retting, crop material fertilizer 3000-3500kg.Within 1 year, use three fertilizer, i.e. March late Febuary in good time
The first tenday period of a month promote fertilizers for potted flowers, based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Mid or late May fruit-promoting fertilizer, based on P, K fertilizer；The fruit picking of early September early August is fertile, to have
Machine is fertile and compound fertilizer is main, accounts for annual the 20% of dose, 30%, 50% respectively.Foliage top dressing specifically should be according to the life of tree body
Long and nutritional deficiency situation, (or polynary quick-acting compound with 0.3-0.5% carbamide+0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the 4-6 month and the 8-9 month
Fertile) carry out foliage-spray.
(4) fertilizing method: pear tree field planting then, during fertilising, centered by trunk, with 40cm as radius, carries out ring-type executing
Fertilizer, later along with the expansion of tree crown, fertilising radius suitably expands, and fertilization depth is advisable with 30-40cm, and fertilising will be in conjunction with watering every time
Water is carried out.In order to reach more preferable effect, it is more preferable that soil grants the foliage-spray effect that combines, and foliage dressing is with potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Being main with carbamide, every 7-10 days times, continuous 3-5 time, concentration 0.3%-0.5%, vacuum side of blade sprays preferably, can fit as required
When adding the trace element such as ferrum, magnesium, boron, zinc, the time, at 3: 5 in afternoon preferably, avoided megathermal period and dew with 9 o'clock to the 11 o'clock morning
The water phase.
Claims (4)
1. the method shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield, is characterized in that, pear tree field planting uses then
Fixed dry-coated bud mode combines tree-like arrangement and carries out setting the rapid shaping of body；
Described fixed dry-coated bud method is: before early March new field planting pear tree germinates, surely do pear tree, highly at 80-100cm,
Under clip, the first bud stays weak bud, the second bud, the 3rd bud to erase, and naturally sprouts below the 4th bud；Coming into play at tree bud, pear tree is tough
Skin zone and xylem are initially separated and time bud is not also sprouted, smear needing with branching promoter for plant on the bud sprouted, and relatively drop
Polarity is done at low center, in dry growth force weaken, grow 5～6 branches that orientation is suitable, force relatively equalizes then；
Described tree-like arrangement: May, early and middle ten days was to early and middle ten days in June, during Growth of Pear Trees, enters the innovation that growth force is stronger
Row pinching control is long, stop growing early branch more weak to growth force, is again coated with branching promoter for plant, promotees its continued growth on terminal bud；7
In the last ten-days period moon, stopping being coated with on the location lateral bud that long terminal bud Shang Ji center is dry branching promoter for plant, making it continue sprouting growth.
2. the method shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described
Pear tree use then the most dry-coated bud mode combine tree-like arrangement carry out set body rapid shaping, comprise the concrete steps that:
(1) selection of seedling: selecting sturdy, sprout is full, without the high-quality pear Seedling of pest and disease damage；
(2) digging field planting ditch: dig field planting ditch, execute decomposed manure 3000kg, compound fertilizer 150kg according to every 666.7, soil returns
Fill out, flood irrigation ditch, heavy real；
(3) dig planting pit, after pears shoot roots system is pruned, plant by the density of seeding row spacing 4m × 2m, water；
(4) fixed dry-coated bud: before early March new field planting pear tree germinates, surely doing pear tree, height is under 80-100cm, clip
First bud stays weak bud, the second bud, the 3rd bud to erase, and naturally sprouts below the 4th bud；Tree bud come into play, pear tree phloem with
Xylem is initially separated and time bud is not also sprouted, smears needing with branching promoter for plant on the bud sprouted, relative reduction center
Dry polarity, in dry growth force weaken, grow 5～6 branches that orientation is suitable, force relatively equalizes then；
(5) strengthening rich water quality management, promote shoot growth: when young sprout grows to 15-20cm, start fertilising for the first time, employing is spreaded manuer in holes,
Every 666.7 execute carbamide 30kg, execute continuously 2 times, every minor tick 20 days, and after July, fertilising is based on P, K fertilizer；
(6) tree-like arrangement: May, early and middle ten days was to early and middle ten days in June, during Growth of Pear Trees, enters the innovation that growth force is stronger
Row pinching control is long, stop growing early branch more weak to growth force, is again coated with branching promoter for plant, promotees its continued growth on terminal bud；7
In the last ten-days period moon, stopping being coated with on the location lateral bud that long terminal bud Shang Ji center is dry branching promoter for plant, making it continue sprouting growth.
3. the method shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield as described in as arbitrary in claim 1 or 2, its feature
It is, on the basis of First Year, to continue increasing and educate Branches of Different Orders, reinforcement rich water, rationally repair；
Specifically:
(1) on the basis of First Year shaping, continue increasing and educate Branches of Different Orders, master branches at different levels and auxiliary support branch are lacked branch position and is coated with
Branching promoter for plant increases branch short covering, inspires shoot and improves tree crown, promotes that pear tree shapes as early as possible；
(2) rich water supply is strengthened: 3-6 month, based on N fertilizer；After July, based on P, K fertilizer, it is aided with high-quality fertilizer,
In conjunction with foliage-spray；Autumn applies base manure, and the most every 666.7 execute decomposed manure 3000kg 4000kg, water one after fertilising
Secondary water, waters freeze-up water before entering the winter；Before germination, Xie Huahou, fruit expanding period topdress, early stage is based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, and the later stage is many
Execute phosphorus potash fertilizer；Water in time after fertilising；Growing season carries out foliage application；
(3) the Second Year spring, pear tree branch center dry curtailment 50cm can not cut, and stays 40-50cm more than cutting of 50cm, its
Remaining branch is motionless；To mid-August, the branch of more than 40cm is pulled into level, and makes each branch be uniformly distributed, complementary space；3rd year spring,
End of the branch, center is cut and is stayed 40 1 60cm.
4. the method shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, enter
Strengthen rich water quality management after the best fruiting period and adjust tree crown skeleton；Specifically:
(1) heavy dressing base manure, executes best with the autumn, executes high-quality fertilizer more, and the most every 666.7 organic fertilizer 5000kg, high-quality is multiple
Hefei 300-400kg；If bud amount is more, can suitable many nitrogen fertilizer applications, be aided with phosphorus, potash fertilizer；Otherwise it is then based on phosphorus, potassium, auxiliary
With nitrogenous fertilizer；
(2) tree crown skeleton is adjusted, holding golden mean of the Confucian school tree vigo(u)r: the tree more weak to tree vigo(u)r, typically want many sections and put less, reduce thin more, stay strong
Go weak；Accomplishing to set by force weak branch leading, weak tree enriching shoot is leading；Key elongated shoot is pruned and wants appropriateness, to inspire brachyplast, forms fruitful branch
Group；Extending head within general 50cm, light pruning 1/3～1/4；More than the surging elongated shoot of 50cm increment, 30cm can be cut off,
Promote young sprout and the brachyplast of its pumping stalwartness；When tree body result quantities is big, and tree body is excessively opened a business, the most sagging, lives with crotch support
Bough, keeps the branch angle of 60 °～70 °, or wipes out descending branch；Meanwhile, utilize the vigorous branches of back, again cultivate skeleton branch, maintain
Get bumper crops tree-like.
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| CN109380050A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-26 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | A kind of highly dense method for planting of pears |
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| CN107047177B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-04-10 | 界首市兴邦家庭农场 | A kind of pear tree thanks to the management method after spending |
| CN107593220A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-01-19 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of northern pear tree early ties the cultural method of high yield |
| CN109168863A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-11 | 杭州晶星农业开发有限公司 | A kind of shaping and trimming method and cultural method improving sweet pears yield |
| CN109380050A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-26 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | A kind of highly dense method for planting of pears |
| CN109463190A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-15 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of sprout orchard establishment high yield method of close planting type pears |
| CN109452067A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-12 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | A kind of Young pear trees shaping methods |
| CN112154849A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-01 | 山东农业大学 | Rapid shaping early fruit high yield cultivation method for pears |
| CN112154849B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-04-08 | 山东农业大学 | Rapid shaping early fruit high yield cultivation method for pears |
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