CN106342561A - Premature pomelo breeding method - Google Patents
Premature pomelo breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106342561A CN106342561A CN201610959114.8A CN201610959114A CN106342561A CN 106342561 A CN106342561 A CN 106342561A CN 201610959114 A CN201610959114 A CN 201610959114A CN 106342561 A CN106342561 A CN 106342561A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
Abstract
The invention discloses a premature pomelo breeding method. The premature pomelo breeding method comprises two conditions, namely single-year seedling propagation and older fruiting tree high grafting for changing breed. A mature period of the premature pomelo bred by adopting the premature pomelo breeding method is before or after September 15th, and the mature period of common pomelo is October 20th, namely the mature period is about 35 days earlier; meanwhile, the solid content of the premature pomelo in the middle of September is 11.0%, the total acid is 0.485g/100ml, and the vitamin C is 61.3mg/100g; and the solid content of the common pomelo is 10.5%, the total acid is 0.96g/100ml, and the vitamin C is 43.1mg/100g. After the premature pomelo is tasted, the moisture is sufficient, pulp juice sacs are soft, the melting property after entering the mouth is good, the sweetness and acidity are moderate, and the total quality of the fruits is close to that of the common pomelo mature at the end of October; however, pulp of the common pomelo is insufficient in moisture and has relatively obvious sour, spicy and bitter tastes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant breeding technique field, more particularly, to a kind of precocity pomelo's selection.
Background technology
Fructus Citri grandiss (scientific name: citrus maxima), also known as pomelo, fragrant goldenrain tree, Citrus aurantium L. Var decumana Bonar, interior purple etc..It is Rutaceae both citrus Fructus Citri grandiss class
Mature fruit, originate in the southern areas such as China Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan.Pomelo fragrant, acid
Sweet, Liang Run, nutritious, medical value is very high, is one of fruit of people's eating, is also the most dietetic therapy effect that medical circle is generally acknowledged
The fruit of fruit.Citron tea and pomelo peel also all have practical value, and can be used as medicine.
Chinese patent 201610126512.1 discloses a kind of implantation methods of Fructus Citri grandiss, comprises the steps of and prepares chicken manure
Just fertilizer: build fermentation vat in booth, fresh chicken manure is just added in fermentation vat, is subsequently adding Semen Maydiss, stir
Afterwards, fermentation can be made into chicken manure fertilizer in 8-10 days；Selection of land: select leeward sand on the sunny side as planting site；It is fixed to dig
Plant hole: the length 100 of planting pit, wide by 100, deep 80；Apply chicken manure fertilizer: in each planting pit, apply 50-60
Chicken manure fertilizer；Field planting: grapefruit is planted in planting pit, planting pit soil is trained into a diameter of 80cm-90cm's
Tree disk, then uses rice straw mulching on tree disk；Pouring root water: sprinkling 15-25 water at every grapefruit；Pest and disease damage is prevented
Control: after grapefruit germinates, sprayed an insecticide every 5-18 days；Trimming leaf；Carry out plucking fruit.The present invention has grapefruit not
Easily cause a disease, survival rate high the advantages of.
Chinese patent 201510148647.3 discloses a kind of cultural method of Fructus Citri grandiss, comprises the steps: to open from soil
Begin, by the waste residue of crops by fermentation, after this season takes fruit, be embedded in the hole dug around grapefruit, then bury soil
Earth, each plantation season circulation primary；Wherein, this waste residue comprises: the seeds of a tung oil tree 10%, Semen Allii Tuberosi slag 60%, soybean residue 30%.Using this
The Fructus Citri grandiss head of method cultivation is big, mouthfeel is good, sarcocarp is thick, has good economic worth.
But pomelo's period of maturation of current plantation is mostly between October to November, late variety can late to the month in next year 1-2, because
This current pomelo's Time To Market later it is difficult to meet the demand in market.
Content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as existing pomelo's evening in period of maturation, present invention aim at providing a kind of precocity pomelo selection-breeding side
Method.
The present invention adopts the technical scheme that:
Precocious pomelo's selection of the present invention has Dan Niansheng seedling propagation and two kinds of situations of above the average age for marriage bearing-age tree high-grafting,
The specifically comprising the following steps that of Dan Niansheng seedling propagation
(1) selection-breeding of precocious pomelo's maturation branch:
The scion of grafting from the first generation precocity pomelo result elite stand ripe branch choose, selection tree crown in, top
The substantial spring tip of periphery, summer shoot make scion, and the scion cut cuts off blade immediately, leaves petiole；
(2) selection of stock:
Root-stock selection soil goldenrain tree or wild Citrus chachiensis Hort.；
(3) grafting:
1. grafting tool sterilization: in order to anti-upper citrus yellow shoot disease is propagated by grafting cutter, by related shears, knife during grafting
Tool 90 DEG C of disinfection with hot water 15 minutes；
2. engrafting method: in late March, fair weather carries out grafting using the method for simple bud cut-grafting, highly away from ground
More than 10-15cm；
(4) management after grafting:
1. check after noting connecing: want within 10-30 days after grafting running check to survive situation, bud tablets are fresh, petiole one of buddering
Touch to fall to showing to budder and survives, budder sprout and start after leaf will timely cut anvil, to guarantee that budders nourish and grow；
2. note solution film: after sprouting grows 3-5 piece young leaves, the thin film of grafting part will be removed in time；
3. application in time: to the grafting extracting young leaves out, should accomplish that thin fertilizer duty is applied, start mid-May to apply fertilizer, hereafter often
Month apply 2 fertilizer, mu applies each 15% compound fertilizer of 5-7.5 kilogram of n, p, k, stops fertilising afterwards by the end of August, to control autumn growth and Winter hardness
Growth；
4. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: the grafting initial stage notes carrying out the preventing and treating of aphid, with 1500 times of Imidacloprids, 6-8 month weight
Depending on carrying out the preventing and treating of leaf miner, the preventing and treating of red spider to be carried out and scale insect at the same time；September-October is paid special attention to carry out wood
The preventing and treating of louse, two weeks prevents and treats once, from the long-acting pesticide of low toxicity, green clever 350 times, 1500 times of Imidacloprid, it is used alternatingly；
5. antifreeze: after entering the winter, mulching straw or antifreeze with warm in stub grafting part；
The specifically comprising the following steps that of above the average age for marriage bearing-age tree high-grafting
1st, the above the average age for marriage selection changing kind tree:
Select traditional pomelo's bearing-age tree or the above the average age for marriage tree of Fructus Citri sinensiss as the stock tree changing kind；
2nd, change kind of a time:
In early April by precocious pomelo maturation branch, grafting is above-mentioned respectively changes on kind of tree bough, and every plant connects 7-10 newly
Branch, using the method for simple bud cut-grafting；
3rd, the management after changing kind:
1. check in time and budder growing state and grow 3-5 leaf depending on sprouting, remove the film strips of grafting part；
2. pinching removes and sprouts: when sprouting grows 7-9 leaf, lobus cardiacus to be removed is sturdy to guarantee New shoot growth；Simultaneously to veteran
The rudiment of (below grafting part) wants running check to remove, to ensure the nutrition supply of sprouting；
4th, found pillar: pillar to be found on its side when shoot grows 20-30cm, and be tied with plastic ties, in case
Only break after strong wind or rain.
Fertilising strategy is as follows:
(1) use sufficient fruit picking mid-November fertile: apply hurdle fertilizer 20kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, Jia Ge 15% compound fertilizer 0.8kg for every plant, account for whole year
The 50% of dose；
(2) late Febuary controls fertilizer before bud: based on nitrogen, phosphorus, amount of application accounts for the 15% of whole year.Every plant to apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium each
15% compound fertilizer 0.5kg；
(3) fit mid-April and apply alabastrum fertilizer: amount of application accounts for the 20% of whole year, often applies a plant nitrogen, phosphorus, Jia Ge 15% compound fertilizer
0.5kg:
(4) early apply fruit retention mid-May fertile: amount of application accounts for the 15% of whole year, often applies plant nitrogen 12%, phosphorus 6%, potassium 20%, calcium
12% compound fertilizer 0.3kg；
(5) June sets fertilising at first view: applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25kg or potassium fulvate 0.5kg for every plant.
Pour water in time, fruit expanding period July arid season, on the one hand pour water in time, on the other hand adopt rice straw mulching tree
Root soil moisturizing nearby.
Shaping and trimming method is as follows:
Keep the relative equilibrium of growth and result, the height of tree controls in below 3m, greenery thickness degree 1m about, tree crown coverage rate
75%-85%；Long nutrition branch is stayed with the timely pinching of 15cm-25cm；Erase before putting the tip every time the early stage fragmentary bud sprouted, reach
To neatly putting the tip；Last autumn growth will put the tip in mid or late August, and September is taken out the Winter hardness sent out later on the 20th and all wiped out；Pruning
Cheng Zhong, based on light pruning, it is to avoid excessive prunes off and weight cutting back；Dredge and delete overstocked branch top, to upsetting the tree-like branch of excessive growth and upright
Branch is wiped out from base portion；Note utilizing the branch of excessive growth, fill up tree crown vacancy by drawing branch, cutting back pruning；Return in time place fruit-bearing shoot cluster,
Fruit drop branch group and decline branch group；Wipe out sick branch, dredge and delete branch of growing thickly；
Spend more tree and delete based on spray, slim and frahile branch to dredge, last year autumn growth bearing basal shoot inspires young sprout by base portion, dredge delete with short
Cut off conjunction；Few Hua Wangshu only deletes partly upright nutrition branch, is beneficial to result.
The method of artificial pollination fruit thinning and flower thinning is as follows:
(1) flower thinning:
Spend more tree, based on cutting back, cutting back；Florescence benefit is cut, and cuts off part spray；Enriching shoot suitably more stays flower, weak branch
Stay less or do not stay；Ye Huaduo is had to stay, no leaf is spent and stayed less or do not stay；Erase malformed flower, disease pest flower；
Firstfruits tree stays 30 pieces of -50 pieces of inflorescences, and 2 years -3 years raw basal shoots retain 1-2 inflorescence, 7 years raw result above trees
Stay 120 inflorescences, every inflorescence retains 1-2 normotrophic flower；
(2) artificial pollination:
At the beginning of -5 months by the end of April, duration of flowering, using Yongjia Siji Pomelo pollen, carry out manually up to ten a period of time in the morning nine
Pollination；
(3) artificial fruit thinning:
By leaf-fruit ratio (200-250) after fixed fruit: 1, carry out fruit thinning by several times, first remove disease pest fruit, malformed fruit, close weak fruit, after
Thin fruitlet, each fruitful branch retains 1-2 fruit, and individual plant only stays fruit amount 50-80.
Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in is as follows:
Accomplish to grab in the middle of the control of two, emphasis is carried out winter-spring season Qing Yuan and adopted rear insect pest preventing and controlling, control growth medium simultaneously
Pesticide use amount, accomplished for 7 the first tenday period of a month-early September stops using pesticide it is ensured that fruit is plucked is not subject within first 60 days chemical pesticide dirt
Dye is it is ensured that consumer's edible safety；
(1) clear garden in time: wipe out sick branch and deadwood, also should remove fallen leaves and shedding in time simultaneously, take out and burn outside garden,
Reduce or eliminate disease pest source, winter clear garden (early December), with green clever 150 times of foliar sprays；
(2) carry out disease control: 1. anthrax, with fruit maturation early stage after fruit growth period suffers strong wind heavy rain, use
80% 800 times of Mancozeb liquid, hundred safe 1500 times of liquid；2. Peptic Ulcerss, launch the phase in young leaves, during blossom fall 2/3, young fruit period, and fruit
After the strong wind heavy rain of expanding stage, prevented with 0.8% equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture；
(3) primary pest preventing and treating: 1. red spider: spring clear garden, before spring tip rudiment use 0.8 ° of -1 ° of lime sulfur of Baume,
20% goes out wp40 times of -50 times of liquid of a red-spotted lizard；Spring bud to thank spend before use pesticide: 15% -2000 times of liquid of 1200 times of pyridaben, demodicid mite is endangered 2500 times
Liquid；2. yellow circle a red-spotted lizard, brown round a red-spotted lizard: 1st generation is contained and sent out phase (early June), 2nd generation (at the beginning of 7 months)；With green clever 150 times, foliar spray；③
Aphid: with 1500 times of Imidacloprids.
The positive effect of the present invention is as follows:
The period of maturation of the precocious pomelo of method of the present invention selection-breeding, and common pomelo was October 20 in September 15 days in front and back,
Period of maturation is advanced by 35 days about.And precocity pomelo's solid content 11.0% mid-September, total acid 0.485g/100ml, dimension
Raw element c61.3mg/100g；Common pomelo's solid content 10.5%, total acid 0.96g/100ml, vitamin c 43.1mg/100g.
Mouthfeel precocity pomelo's moisture foot, pulp juice born of the same parents' deliquescing after trial test, entrance slugging is good, sour-sweet moderate, fruit overall qualities and 10
The end of month, the common pomelo of maturation was close；But common pomelo's sarcocarp water deficient, has obvious sour, peppery, bitterness.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are that the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Precocious pomelo's selection of the present invention has Dan Niansheng seedling propagation and two kinds of situations of above the average age for marriage bearing-age tree high-grafting,
The specifically comprising the following steps that of Dan Niansheng seedling propagation
(1) selection-breeding of precocious pomelo's maturation branch:
The scion of grafting from the first generation precocity pomelo result elite stand ripe branch choose, selection tree crown in, top
The substantial spring tip of periphery, summer shoot make scion, and the scion cut cuts off blade immediately, leaves petiole；
(2) selection of stock:
Root-stock selection soil goldenrain tree or wild Citrus chachiensis Hort.；
(3) grafting:
1. grafting tool sterilization: in order to anti-upper citrus yellow shoot disease is propagated by grafting cutter, by related shears, knife during grafting
Tool 90 DEG C of disinfection with hot water 15 minutes；
2. engrafting method: 30 days months in March 27-3, fair weather carried out grafting using the method for simple bud cut-grafting, highly exists
Away from more than ground 10-15cm；
(4) management after grafting:
1. check after noting connecing: want within 10-30 days after grafting running check to survive situation, bud tablets are fresh, petiole one of buddering
Touch to fall to showing to budder and survives, budder sprout and start after leaf will timely cut anvil, to guarantee that budders nourish and grow；
2. note solution film: after sprouting grows 3-5 piece young leaves, the thin film of grafting part will be removed in time；
3. application in time: to the grafting extracting young leaves out, should accomplish that thin fertilizer duty is applied, start mid-May to apply fertilizer, hereafter often
Month apply 2 fertilizer, mu applies each 15% compound fertilizer of 5-7.5 kilogram of n, p, k, stops fertilising afterwards by the end of August, to control autumn growth and Winter hardness
Growth；
4. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: the grafting initial stage notes carrying out the preventing and treating of aphid, with 1500 times of Imidacloprids, 6-8 month weight
Depending on carrying out the preventing and treating of leaf miner, the preventing and treating of red spider to be carried out and scale insect at the same time；September-October is paid special attention to carry out wood
The preventing and treating of louse, two weeks prevents and treats once, from the long-acting pesticide of low toxicity, green clever 350 times, 1500 times of Imidacloprid, it is used alternatingly；
5. antifreeze: after entering the winter, mulching straw or antifreeze with warm in stub grafting part；
The specifically comprising the following steps that of above the average age for marriage bearing-age tree high-grafting
1st, the above the average age for marriage selection changing kind tree:
Select traditional pomelo's bearing-age tree or the above the average age for marriage tree of Fructus Citri sinensiss as the stock tree changing kind；
2nd, change kind of a time:
- 3 days on the 2nd April, by precocious pomelo maturation branch, grafting is above-mentioned respectively changes on kind of tree bough, and every plant connects 7-10
Shoot, using the method for simple bud cut-grafting；
3rd, the management after changing kind:
1. check in time and budder growing state and grow 3-5 leaf depending on sprouting, remove the film strips of grafting part；
2. pinching removes and sprouts: when sprouting grows 7-9 leaf, lobus cardiacus to be removed is sturdy to guarantee New shoot growth；Simultaneously to veteran
The rudiment of (below grafting part) wants running check to remove, to ensure the nutrition supply of sprouting；
4th, found pillar: pillar to be found on its side when shoot grows 20-30cm, and be tied with plastic ties, in case
Only break after strong wind or rain.
Fertilising strategy is as follows:
(1) use sufficient fruit picking mid-November fertile: apply hurdle fertilizer 20kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, Jia Ge 15% compound fertilizer 0.8kg for every plant, account for whole year
The 50% of dose；
(2) late Febuary controls fertilizer before bud: based on nitrogen, phosphorus, amount of application accounts for the 15% of whole year.Every plant to apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium each
15% compound fertilizer 0.5kg；
(3) fit mid-April and apply alabastrum fertilizer: amount of application accounts for the 20% of whole year, often applies a plant nitrogen, phosphorus, Jia Ge 15% compound fertilizer
0.5kg:
(4) early apply fruit retention mid-May fertile: amount of application accounts for the 15% of whole year, often applies plant nitrogen 12%, phosphorus 6%, potassium 20%, calcium
12% compound fertilizer 0.3kg；
(5) June sets fertilising at first view: applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25kg or potassium fulvate 0.5kg for every plant.
Pour water in time, fruit expanding period July arid season, on the one hand pour water in time, on the other hand adopt rice straw mulching tree
Root soil moisturizing nearby.
Shaping and trimming method is as follows:
Keep the relative equilibrium of growth and result, the height of tree controls in below 3m, greenery thickness degree 1m about, tree crown coverage rate
75%-85%；Long nutrition branch is stayed with the timely pinching of 15cm-25cm；Erase before putting the tip every time the early stage fragmentary bud sprouted, reach
To neatly putting the tip；Last autumn growth will put the tip in mid or late August, and September is taken out the Winter hardness sent out later on the 20th and all wiped out；Pruning
Cheng Zhong, based on light pruning, it is to avoid excessive prunes off and weight cutting back；Dredge and delete overstocked branch top, to upsetting the tree-like branch of excessive growth and upright
Branch is wiped out from base portion；Note utilizing the branch of excessive growth, fill up tree crown vacancy by drawing branch, cutting back pruning；Return in time place fruit-bearing shoot cluster,
Fruit drop branch group and decline branch group；Wipe out sick branch, dredge and delete branch of growing thickly；
Spend more tree and delete based on spray, slim and frahile branch to dredge, last year autumn growth bearing basal shoot inspires young sprout by base portion, dredge delete with short
Cut off conjunction；Few Hua Wangshu only deletes partly upright nutrition branch, is beneficial to result.
The method of artificial pollination fruit thinning and flower thinning is as follows:
(1) flower thinning:
Spend more tree based on cutting back, cutting back；Florescence benefit is cut, and cuts off part spray；Enriching shoot suitably more stays flower, and weak branch is few
Stay or do not stay；Ye Huaduo is had to stay, no leaf is spent and stayed less or do not stay；Erase malformed flower, disease pest flower；
Bearing-age tree stays 30 pieces of-50 pieces of inflorescences, and 2 years-3 years raw basal shoots retain 1-2 inflorescence, and every inflorescence retains 1-2
Normotrophic flower；
(2) artificial pollination:
At the beginning of -5 months by the end of April, duration of flowering, using Yongjia Siji Pomelo pollen, carry out manually up to ten a period of time in the morning nine
Pollination；
(3) artificial fruit thinning:
By leaf-fruit ratio (200-250) after fixed fruit: 1, carry out fruit thinning by several times, first remove disease pest fruit, malformed fruit, close weak fruit, after
Thin fruitlet, each fruitful branch retains 1-2 fruit, and individual plant only stays fruit amount 25-30.
Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in is as follows:
Accomplish to grab in the middle of the control of two, emphasis is carried out winter-spring season Qing Yuan and adopted rear insect pest preventing and controlling, control growth medium simultaneously
Pesticide use amount, accomplished for 7 the first tenday period of a month-early September stops using pesticide it is ensured that fruit is plucked is not subject within first 60 days chemical pesticide dirt
Dye is it is ensured that consumer's edible safety；
(1) clear garden in time: wipe out sick branch and deadwood, also should remove fallen leaves and shedding in time simultaneously, take out and burn outside garden,
Reduce or eliminate disease pest source, winter clear garden (early December), with green clever 150 times of blade faces spray business；
(2) carry out disease control: 1. anthrax, with fruit maturation early stage after fruit growth period suffers strong wind heavy rain, use
80% 800 times of Mancozeb liquid, hundred safe 1500 times of liquid；2. Peptic Ulcerss, launch the phase in young leaves, during blossom fall 2/3, young fruit period, and fruit
After the strong wind heavy rain of expanding stage, prevented with 0.8% equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture；
(3) primary pest preventing and treating: 1. red spider: spring clear garden, before spring tip rudiment use 0.8 ° of -1 ° of lime sulfur of Baume,
20% goes out wp40 times of -50 times of liquid of a red-spotted lizard；Spring bud to thank spend before use pesticide: 15% -2000 times of liquid of 1200 times of pyridaben, demodicid mite is endangered 2500 times
Liquid；2. yellow circle a red-spotted lizard, brown round a red-spotted lizard: 1st generation is contained and sent out phase (early June), 2nd generation (at the beginning of 7 months)；With green clever 150 times, foliar spray；③
Aphid: with 1500 times of Imidacloprids.
Precocious pomelo and traditional (common) pomelo's contrast test:
1 2014 years -2015 years precocious pomelos of table and common pomelo's contrast test (phenological period observes and records)
Precocious pomelo is essentially identical with common pomelo's budding period, bud stage, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, whole florescence according to observations, point
Not at the beginning of 3 months, mid-April, on April -26 on the 25th, April 27, May 1, on May -3 on the 2nd, but dehiscent fruit phase of precocious pomelo
Ratio common pomelo substantially ahead of time 35 to 40 days, precocious pomelo starts dehiscent fruit one until September 10 days in early August, and common pomelo
Dehiscent fruit begin the phase in mid-September；In September 15 days in front and back, common pomelo is in October 20, the two period of maturation for period of maturation precocity pomelo
Difference 35 days about.
Table 2 2014-2015 precocity pomelo is observed with common pomelo's dehiscent fruit and records
Note: 1, upper table is born fruit 1 year after observing age of tree precocity pomelo system high-grafting, common pomelo is 56 raw childrens
Tree.
2nd, precocious 22 plants of bearing-age trees of pomelo in 2015, wherein 5 plants are provided without artificial pollination, result sum 107, dehiscent fruit number
Reach 72, Cracking fruit is 67.2%；Remaining 17 plants of bearing-age tree adopts artificial pollination, number of results 325, dehiscent fruit number 95, dehiscent fruit
Rate is 29.2%.12 strain fertilizer test areas in other 17 plants of bearing-age trees, wherein 6 plants is that many fertilizer apply trial zone, result sum late
For 123, dehiscent fruit 51, Cracking fruit is 41.5%；Remaining 6 plants is that trial zone early applied by few fertilizer, and result sum is 104, dehiscent fruit
Number is 22, Cracking fruit 21.1%；
Last 5 strain artificial pollinations, normal fertilising, result sum is 98, and dehiscent fruit number is 22, Cracking fruit 22.5%.
3rd, precocious pomelos in 2014 and common pomelo, all using artificial pollination, normally apply fertilizer.
Carry out fertilizer difference use time and the correlation test of different usage amount, explore the phase of precocious pomelo's dehiscent fruit and fertilizer
Guan Xing.This test is granted few fertilizer late using many fertilizer and is early applied two ways it may be assumed that (applying hurdle fertilizer 20kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium for every plant in fruit picking fertilizer
45% compound fertilizer 0.5kg) and bud before fertile (Mei Zhushi compound fertilizer 0.5kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium 45% compound fertilizer 0.5kg) same case
Under, first group of high fertile is applied late, using the 1.0kg/ strain of alabastrum fertilizer N P and K 45% compound fertilizer, the 0.5kg/ strain of fruit retention fertilizer compound fertilizer, divides
Do not apply in April 11 and May 16, in addition applied the 0.3kg/ strain of fruit-promoting fertilizer N P and K 45% compound fertilizer June 9, first group
6 plants of bearing-age tree, sum 123 of bearing fruit, dehiscent fruit 51, Cracking fruit reaches 41.5%, and second group of few fertilizer is early applied, using alabastrum fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus
The 0.5kg/ strain of potassium 45% compound fertilizer, fruit retention fertilizer nitrogen 12%, phosphorus 6%, potassium 20%, the 0.3kg/ strain of calcium 12% compound fertilizer, do not apply strong fruit
Fertilizer, totally 6 plants, 104 as a result, dehiscent fruit 22, Cracking fruit is 21.1%.Few fertile early applying applies the dehiscent fruit number nearly half of minimizing late than many fertilizer
(this test adopts secondary repetition, and each cell is 3 plants of fruit trees).In addition carry out precocious pomelo's dehiscent fruit phase and observe record, (being shown in Table 2)
Precocious pomelo's dehiscent fruit initial period, Sheng Qi, amortization period, respectively in early August, August -31 days on the 17th, September -15 days on the 1st, dehiscent fruit
Number accounts for 26.9%, 66.5%, the 6.6% of sum respectively.
Carrying out artificial pollination is affected on precocious pomelo's dehiscent fruit with self-pollination.By using Yongjia early perfume Fructus Citri grandiss artificial pollination,
Under identical management level, artificial pollination can reduce Cracking fruit 2/3rds, 5 plants of precocious pomelo passing through pollination in 2015, knot
Really 98, dehiscent fruit 22, Cracking fruit 22.5%；5 plants not pollinated, 107 as a result, dehiscent fruit 72, Cracking fruit reaches 67.2%.
Table 3 2013-2015 precocity pomelo and common pomelo's Quality Detection analysis of results table
Carry out precocious pomelo to detect with common pomelo's fruit Maturity by stages.
From 2013-2015 Analysis of test results (referring to table 3): mid-August precocity pomelo's solid content 10.2%,
Total acid 0.69g/100ml, vitamin c 96.3mg/100g；Common pomelo's solid content 10.1%, total acid 1.0g/100ml, dimension
Raw element c33mg/100g.After trial test, mouthfeel precocity pomelo's water deficient, has significantly bitter taste；Common pomelo's sarcocarp moisture is very
Few, there is significantly vinegar-pepper taste.Late August precocity pomelo's solid content 10.5%, total acid 0.79g/100ml, vitamin
c95.9mg/100g；Common pomelo's solid content 10.2%, total acid 1.0g/100ml, vitamin c 31.3mg/100g.Taste
Mouthfeel precocity pomelo's moisture substantially increases afterwards, but has obvious bitterness, micro- acid；Common pomelo's sarcocarp moisture seldom, has significantly
Vinegar-pepper taste.Early September precocity pomelo's solid content 10.5%, total acid 0.725g/100ml, vitamin c 71.6mg/100g；General
Logical pomelo's solid content 10.5%, total acid 1.28g/100ml, vitamin c 42.2mg/100g.Mouthfeel precocity pomelo after trial test
Moisture is more, and slugging is preferable, but aftertaste slight bitter；Common pomelo's sarcocarp moisture is less, has significantly vinegar-pepper taste.Mid-September is early
Ripe pomelo's solid content 11.0%, total acid 0.485g/100ml, vitamin c 61.3mg/100g；Common pomelo's solid content
10.5%, total acid 0.96g/100ml, vitamin c 43.1mg/100g.Mouthfeel precocity pomelo's moisture foot after trial test, pulp juice born of the same parents become
Soft, entrance slugging is good, sour-sweet moderate, and fruit overall qualities are close with common pomelo ripe by the end of October；But common pomelo fruit
Meat water deficient, has obvious sour, peppery, bitterness.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, permissible
Understand and can carry out multiple changes, modification, replacement to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention
And modification, the scope of the present invention be defined by the appended.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of precocity pomelo's selection it is characterised in that: described selection has Dan Niansheng seedling propagation and above the average age for marriage result
Tree two kinds of situations of high-grafting, the specifically comprising the following steps that of Dan Niansheng seedling propagation
(1) selection-breeding of precocious pomelo's maturation branch:
The scion of grafting from the first generation precocity pomelo result elite stand ripe branch choose, selection tree crown in, top peripheral
The substantial spring tip, summer shoot make scion, the scion cut cuts off blade immediately, leaves petiole；
(2) selection of stock:
Root-stock selection soil goldenrain tree or wild Citrus chachiensis Hort.；
(3) grafting:
1. grafting tool sterilization: in order to anti-upper citrus yellow shoot disease is propagated by grafting cutter, during grafting, related shears, cutter are used
90 DEG C of disinfection with hot water 15 minutes；
2. engrafting method: in late March, fair weather carries out grafting using the method for simple bud cut-grafting, highly away from ground 10-
More than 15cm；
(4) management after grafting:
1. check after noting connecing: want within 10-30 days after grafting running check to survive situation, bud tablets are fresh, petiole one of buddering touches i.e.
Fall to showing to budder and survive, budder sprout and start after leaf will timely cut anvil, to guarantee that budders nourish and grow；
2. note solution film: after sprouting grows 3-5 piece young leaves, the thin film of grafting part will be removed in time；
3. application in time: to the grafting extracting young leaves out, should accomplish that thin fertilizer duty is applied, start mid-May to apply fertilizer, hereafter monthly apply
2 fertilizer, mu applies each 15% compound fertilizer of 5-7.5 kilogram of n, p, k, stops fertilising afterwards by the end of August, to control the life of autumn growth and Winter hardness
Long；
4. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: the grafting initial stage notes carrying out the preventing and treating of aphid, with 1500 times of Imidacloprids, make a point of doing the 6-8 month
The preventing and treating of good leaf miner, the preventing and treating of red spider to be carried out and scale insect at the same time；September-October is paid special attention to carry out wood louse
Preventing and treating, two weeks prevents and treats once, from the long-acting pesticide of low toxicity, green clever 350 times, 1500 times of Imidacloprid, it is used alternatingly；
5. antifreeze: after entering the winter, mulching straw or antifreeze with warm in stub grafting part；
The specifically comprising the following steps that of above the average age for marriage bearing-age tree high-grafting
1st, the above the average age for marriage selection changing kind tree:
Select traditional pomelo's bearing-age tree or the above the average age for marriage tree of Fructus Citri sinensiss as the stock tree changing kind；
2nd, change kind of a time:
In early April by precocious pomelo maturation branch, grafting is above-mentioned respectively changes on kind of tree bough, and every plant connects 7-10 shoot, adopts
Method with simple bud cut-grafting；
3rd, the management after changing kind:
1. check in time and budder growing state and grow 3-5 leaf depending on sprouting, remove the film strips of grafting part；
2. pinching removes and sprouts: when sprouting grows 7-9 leaf, lobus cardiacus to be removed is sturdy to guarantee New shoot growth；Veteran (is transferred simultaneously
Below socket part position) rudiment want running check remove, to ensure the nutrition supply of sprouting；
4th, found pillar: pillar to be found on its side when shoot grows 20-30cm, and be tied with plastic ties, big to prevent
Break after wind or rain.
2. as claimed in claim 1 precocity pomelo's selection it is characterised in that: fertilising strategy as follows:
(1) use sufficient fruit picking mid-November fertile: apply hurdle fertilizer 20kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, Jia Ge 15% compound fertilizer 0.8kg for every plant, account for annual fertilising
The 50% of amount；
(2) late Febuary controls fertilizer before bud: based on nitrogen, phosphorus, amount of application accounts for the 15% of whole year.Apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium each 15% for every plant
Compound fertilizer 0.5kg；
(3) fit that to apply alabastrum fertile mid-April: amount of application accounts for the 20% of whole year, often apply a plant nitrogen, phosphorus, Jia Ge 15% compound fertilizer 0.5kg:
(4) early apply fruit retention mid-May fertile: amount of application accounts for the 15% of whole year, often applies plant nitrogen 12%, phosphorus 6%, potassium 20%, calcium 12%
Compound fertilizer 0.3kg；
(5) June sets fertilising at first view: applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25kg or potassium fulvate 0.5kg for every plant.
3. as claimed in claim 1 precocity pomelo's selection it is characterised in that: pour water in time, fruit expanding period July arid
In season, on the one hand pour water in time, on the other hand adopt rice straw mulching tree root soil moisturizing nearby.
4. as claimed in claim 1 precocity pomelo's selection it is characterised in that: shaping and trimming method is as follows:
Keep the relative equilibrium of growth and result, the height of tree controls in below 3m, greenery thickness degree 1m about, tree crown coverage rate
75%-85%；Long nutrition branch is stayed with the timely pinching of 15cm-25cm；Erase before putting the tip every time the early stage fragmentary bud sprouted, reach
To neatly putting the tip；Last autumn growth will put the tip in mid or late August, and September is taken out the Winter hardness sent out later on the 20th and all wiped out；Pruning
Cheng Zhong, based on light pruning, it is to avoid excessive prunes off and weight cutting back；Dredge and delete overstocked branch top, to upsetting the tree-like branch of excessive growth and upright
Branch is wiped out from base portion；Note utilizing the branch of excessive growth, fill up tree crown vacancy by drawing branch, cutting back pruning；Return in time place fruit-bearing shoot cluster,
Fruit drop branch group and decline branch group；Wipe out sick branch, dredge and delete branch of growing thickly；
Spend more tree and delete based on spray, slim and frahile branch to dredge, last year autumn growth bearing basal shoot inspires young sprout by base portion, dredge and delete and cutting back knot
Close；Few Hua Wangshu only deletes partly upright nutrition branch, is beneficial to result.
5. as claimed in claim 1 precocity pomelo's selection it is characterised in that: the method for artificial pollination fruit thinning and flower thinning is such as
Under:
(1) flower thinning:
Spend more tree, based on cutting back, cutting back；Florescence benefit is cut, and cuts off part spray；Enriching shoot suitably more stays flower, and weak branch stays less
Or do not stay；Ye Huaduo is had to stay, no leaf is spent and stayed less or do not stay；Erase malformed flower, disease pest flower；
Firstfruits tree stays 30 pieces of -50 pieces of inflorescences, 2 years -3 years raw basal shoots retains 1-2 inflorescence, raw result above tree stays 120 within 7 years
Individual inflorescence, every inflorescence retains 1-2 normotrophic flower；
(2) artificial pollination:
At the beginning of -5 months by the end of April, duration of flowering, using Yongjia Siji Pomelo pollen, carry out artificial pollination in the morning nine up to ten a period of time；
(3) artificial fruit thinning:
By leaf-fruit ratio (200-250) after fixed fruit: 1, carry out fruit thinning by several times, first remove disease pest fruit, malformed fruit, close weak fruit, dredge little afterwards
Really, each fruitful branch retains 1-2 fruit, and individual plant only stays fruit amount 50-80.
6. as claimed in claim 1 precocity pomelo's selection it is characterised in that: method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in is as follows:
Accomplish to grab in the middle of the control of two, emphasis is carried out winter-spring season Qing Yuan and adopted rear insect pest preventing and controlling, controls the pesticide of growth medium simultaneously
Usage amount, accomplished for 7 the first tenday period of a month-early September stops using pesticide it is ensured that fruit harvesting is not polluted for first 60 days by chemical pesticide, protect
Card consumer edible safety；
(1) clear garden in time: wipe out sick branch and deadwood, also should remove fallen leaves and shedding in time simultaneously, take out and burn outside garden, reduce
Or eliminate disease pest source, winter clear garden (early December), with green clever 150 times of foliar sprays；
(2) carry out disease control: 1. anthrax, with fruit maturation early stage after fruit growth period suffers strong wind heavy rain, used for 80% generation
Gloomy 800 times of liquid of MnZn, hundred safe 1500 times of liquid；2. Peptic Ulcerss, launch the phase in young leaves, during blossom fall 2/3, young fruit period, and fruit expanding period
Strong wind heavy rain after, with 0.8% equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture prevent；
(3) primary pest preventing and treating: 1. red spider: spring clear garden, before spring tip rudiment with 0.8 ° of -1 ° of lime sulfur of Baume, 20% go out
Wp40 times of -50 times of liquid of a red-spotted lizard；Spring bud to thank spend before use pesticide: 15% -2000 times of liquid of 1200 times of pyridaben, demodicid mite is endangered 2500 times of liquid；②
Yellow circle a red-spotted lizard, brown round a red-spotted lizard: 1st generation is contained and sent out phase (early June), 2nd generation (at the beginning of 7 months)；With green clever 150 times, foliar spray；3. aphid:
With 1500 times of Imidacloprids.
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| CN109315210A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-02-12 | 罗文禄 | A kind of shaddock early autumn yields positive results the implantation methods of second year summer maturation picking |
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| CN110122096A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-08-16 | 石阡县高魁村红中红蜜柚专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method for shaddock of ripening in summer |
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