CN109511396B - Improved variety cultivation method for pepper - Google Patents
Improved variety cultivation method for pepper Download PDFInfo
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- CN109511396B CN109511396B CN201811606933.XA CN201811606933A CN109511396B CN 109511396 B CN109511396 B CN 109511396B CN 201811606933 A CN201811606933 A CN 201811606933A CN 109511396 B CN109511396 B CN 109511396B
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- pepper
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating improved variety of pepper, which comprises the following steps of 1, collecting mature fruit from wild pepper, soaking the fruit in 2-10wt% saline water for 30-60 minutes; step 2, planting and raising seedlings until wild pepper seedlings grow to a grafting standard of more than 30 cm; and 3, cutting a wild pepper seedling and grafting the wild pepper seedling onto the female parent pepper, wherein the grafting position is the lateral bud of the female parent pepper, repeating the grafting of the wild pepper seedling for 2-4 times, taking a female parent pepper seedling which has a new hair and meets the grafting standard from the female parent pepper, grafting the female parent pepper seedling onto the terminal bud of the last wild pepper seedling, and carefully planting the female parent pepper subjected to the grafting process until mature fruits are bred to obtain the improved variety of the pepper. Compared with the prior art, the improved wild pepper variety obtained by the invention has the advantages that the high yield period can reach 20-25 years, the yield is improved by 4-5 times compared with the traditional planting yield, the disease resistance is strong, the growth speed is high, and the drought resistance and the cold resistance are strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for cultivating improved variety of pepper.
Background
Wild pricklyash peel and Jia pricklyash peel belong to deciduous shrub or small arbor, and can be planted in a single place and used as a protective hedge. The wild pepper is similar to the Chinese prickly ash in shape, and the most important difference is that the wild pepper leaves are thick paper, and transparent glandular spots are arranged on both sides. The fruit is nearly spherical and the color is yellow brown to purple red.
Wild pepper has strong disease resistance and high drought resistance, but small fruits and low yield, and the existing edible pepper variety has the problem of weak disease resistance and drought resistance compared with wild pepper.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating improved variety of pepper, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology and realize the improvement of variety of pepper.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for cultivating improved variety of pepper,
the invention relates to a method for cultivating improved pepper seeds, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting mature fruits from wild pepper, and soaking the fruits in 2-10wt% saline water for 30-60 minutes;
step 2, planting and raising seedlings until wild pepper seedlings grow to a grafting standard of more than 30 cm;
step 3, cutting a wild pepper seedling and grafting the wild pepper seedling onto the female parent pepper, wherein the grafting position is the side bud of the female parent pepper, and grafting the wild pepper seedling obtained in the step 2 onto a new seedling after the new seedling growing on the female parent pepper grows firmly; the grafting position is the position of lateral buds of wild pepper seedlings which are grafted on the female parent pepper;
repeatedly grafting the wild pepper seedlings for 2-4 times, taking new female parent pepper seedlings which are newly issued from the female parent pepper and meet the grafting standard, and grafting the new female parent pepper seedlings on terminal buds of the last wild pepper seedlings;
and (3) carefully planting the female parent zanthoxylum bungeanum subjected to the grafting process until mature fruits are bred, and finally obtaining the fine variety of zanthoxylum bungeanum.
Preferably: the grafting standard is that the diameter of a new seedling reaches 0.3 cm and the new seedling has at least 3 lateral buds.
Preferably: and (3) selecting wild pepper with more leaves and developed root systems in the step 1 to collect mature fruits.
Preferably: the female parent zanthoxylum is Zhenglu zanthoxylum or Dahongpao zanthoxylum, and the wild zanthoxylum is wild zanthoxylum bungeanum.
Preferably: step 2, before seeding, soaking in boiling water for 60-120 seconds, then fishing out, soaking in warm water for about 1 hour every day, fishing out after a few seed coats crack, naturally drying in the warm place, and sowing for 1-2 days.
Compared with the prior art, the improved wild pepper variety obtained by the invention has the advantages that the high yield period can reach 20-25 years, the yield is improved by 4-5 times compared with the traditional planting yield, the disease resistance is strong, the growth speed is high, and the drought resistance and the cold resistance are strong.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The improved variety cultivating method of pricklyash includes
Step 1, collecting mature fruits from wild pepper, and soaking the fruits in 2-10wt% saline water for 30-60 minutes;
the wild pepper is preferably Sichuan pepper and Sichuan pepper with leaves at higher altitude in Guizhou, and the wild pepper with leaves grows in a mountain area with altitude of 2000-2800 meters, so that the wild pepper has strong cold resistance, drought resistance and disease resistance.
Collecting mature fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the mountain for 8-10 months, and collecting mature fruits of wild Zanthoxylum bungeanum with more leaves and developed root system. The collection is carried out by cutting off branches and soaking in normal temperature saline for 30-60 minutes, wherein the saline soaking is mainly convenient for storage after sterilization. Soaking, drying in dry room in shade, and preventing seed from solarization.
The method comprises the steps of sowing from the bottom of 1 month to the beginning of 2 months, selecting sandy loam which is sufficient in illumination, thick in soil layer, fertile in soil and moist, ploughing the soil, then applying some organic fertilizers in the soil, finally ploughing the soil to form a bed, before sowing, soaking the seeds in boiling water for 60-120 seconds, then fishing out the seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water for about 1 hour every day for 2-4 days generally, fishing out the seeds after a few seed coats crack, naturally airing the warm parts, and sowing the seeds after 1-2 days.
When planting, the plant can be planted beside the pepper tree carrying the female parent, and direct grafting is convenient. The female parent pepper is preferably a pepper variety with strong fragrance and high yield, such as a Zhenglu pepper or Dahongpao pepper common in Sichuan area.
Step 2, planting and raising seedlings until wild pepper seedlings grow to a grafting standard of more than 30 cm; the standard of grafting is that the stem of the seedling generally reaches more than 0.3 cm.
Step 3, cutting a wild pepper seedling and grafting the wild pepper seedling onto the female parent pepper, wherein the grafting position is the side bud of the female parent pepper, and grafting the wild pepper seedling obtained in the step 2 onto a new seedling after the new seedling growing on the female parent pepper grows firmly; the grafting position is the position of lateral buds of wild pepper seedlings which are grafted on the female parent pepper;
selecting a side bud of a new branch of female parent pepper, and obliquely cutting the side bud downwards by 45 degrees, wherein the depth of the cut is about one third of the stem depth, and the length of the cut is 0.5-1 cm; cutting a wild pepper seedling, cutting the wild pepper seedling with the length of 20-30 cm, selecting a pepper seedling with 3-5 side buds, cutting a cut to be matched with the shape of a cut surface, mutually inserting a grafted seedling and a female parent pepper, wrapping and fixing the grafted seedling and the female parent pepper by using a grafting clamp or rice straw, repeatedly grafting the wild pepper seedling on the grafted wild pepper seedling within 20-30 days after a new seedling of the grafted wild pepper seedling growing on the female parent pepper reaches a grafting standard, repeatedly grafting the wild pepper seedling on the side buds of the grafted wild pepper seedling, repeatedly grafting the wild pepper seedling for 2-4 times, taking new shoots from the female parent pepper and female parent pepper seedlings meeting the grafting standard, and grafting the new shoots on top buds of the last wild pepper seedling; the specific operation is as follows: cutting the terminal bud obliquely downwards at 45 degrees into a V-shaped opening with the depth of about 0.1-0.2 cm, and usually operating at the position where the stem of the terminal bud is 0.1-0.3 cm thick; selecting new seedlings of the same female parent pepper, cutting the bottom of the new seedlings into raised V-shaped heads, inserting the new seedlings into the V-shaped openings, and fixing the new seedlings by using grafting clips or rice straw winding and binding modes. During the growth process of the grafted seedlings, water supplementing and fertilizer application are paid attention to, high-efficiency compound fertilizer or amino acid calcium is sprayed, and proper amount of farmyard manure is applied to the roots.
By adopting a continuous multiple lateral bud grafting mode, the capabilities of disease resistance, drought resistance and drought resistance of the grafted female parent pepper variety can be enhanced, so that the excellent genetic characteristics of the wild pepper are more embodied in the grafted variety, the growth speed of the wild pepper on the female parent pepper is improved by multiple grafting, the wild pepper can rapidly grow within 3-5 months and bloom and bear fruits on time, and the primary female parent pepper is grafted by the terminal bud, so that the subsequent fruiting quantity and pepper quality are ensured.
The prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests after grafting comprises the prevention and control of aphids: starting to spray 70% amelete at 2 inches of the tender branch tips at 3-6 months and 9-10 months in a diluted manner according to the weight ratio of 1:50000, and controlling for 3-5 times every 20 days or so;
prevention and treatment of spider mites and hemiplegic mites: spraying the diluted tree crown control agent with the volume ratio of '24% acarid danger' 1: 3000-;
and (3) prevention and treatment of the Chinese prickly ash budworm: diluting 25 g of 10% caulis et folium oryzae 15 ml + 70% antitachy, and spraying with 15 kg of water before 3 months or blooming;
prevention and treatment of the pricklyash peel and mulberry pseudococcid: diluting and spraying for prevention and control according to the proportion of 30-45 kg of water added into 10 ml of 24% acre WangTe at the initial stage of development of the verruca indica and mulberries every 4-9 months;
and (3) control of pepper rust: spraying the crown at the ratio of 6 ml per 43% Fuli base to 3 g per 70% Eimerle added with 15 kg of water at the initial stage of aphid occurrence for 4-5 months and 9-11 months every year, and spraying once every 15-20 days for controlling 3-5 times.
And (3) carefully planting the female parent zanthoxylum bungeanum subjected to the grafting process until mature fruits are bred, and finally obtaining the fine variety of zanthoxylum bungeanum.
Compared with the prior art, the improved wild pepper variety obtained by the invention has the advantages that the high yield period can reach 20-25 years, the yield is improved by 4-5 times compared with the traditional planting yield, the disease resistance is strong, the growth speed is high, and the drought resistance and the cold resistance are strong.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating improved variety of pepper comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting mature fruits from wild pepper, and soaking the fruits in 2-10wt% saline water for 30-60 minutes;
step 2, planting and raising seedlings until wild pepper seedlings grow to a grafting standard of more than 30 cm;
step 3, cutting a wild pepper seedling and grafting the wild pepper seedling onto the female parent pepper, wherein the grafting position is the side bud of the female parent pepper, and grafting the wild pepper seedling obtained in the step 2 onto a new seedling after the new seedling growing on the female parent pepper grows firmly; the grafting position is the position of lateral buds of wild pepper seedlings which are grafted on the female parent pepper;
repeatedly grafting the wild pepper seedlings for 2-4 times, taking new female parent pepper seedlings which are newly issued from the female parent pepper and meet the grafting standard, and grafting the new female parent pepper seedlings on terminal buds of the last wild pepper seedlings;
and (3) carefully planting the female parent zanthoxylum bungeanum subjected to the grafting process until mature fruits are bred, and finally obtaining the fine variety of zanthoxylum bungeanum.
2. The improved zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the grafting standard is that the diameter of a new seedling reaches 0.3 cm and the new seedling has at least 3 lateral buds.
3. The improved zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) selecting wild pepper with more leaves and developed root systems in the step 1 to collect mature fruits.
4. The improved zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the female parent zanthoxylum is Zhenglu zanthoxylum or Dahongpao zanthoxylum, and the wild zanthoxylum is wild zanthoxylum bungeanum.
5. The improved zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step 2, before seeding, soaking in boiling water for 60-120 seconds, then fishing out, soaking in warm water for about 1 hour every day, fishing out after a few seed coats crack, naturally drying in the warm place, and sowing for 1-2 days.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811606933.XA CN109511396B (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | Improved variety cultivation method for pepper |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811606933.XA CN109511396B (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | Improved variety cultivation method for pepper |
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| CN109511396A CN109511396A (en) | 2019-03-26 |
| CN109511396B true CN109511396B (en) | 2021-06-01 |
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| CN110892844A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-20 | 务川自治县花园益农种养农民专业合作社 | Cultivation method of pepper |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1363208A (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2002-08-14 | 兴山县农业局 | Asexual reproduction method of Chinese prickly ash tree |
| CN102037847B (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-09 | 陈继国 | Asexual reproduction method for stingless pepper |
| CN103875434B (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2016-02-10 | 安顺市瑞丰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of cold-resistant pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii improved seeds |
| CN106134787A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-11-23 | 马井芳 | A kind of method of childbearing neonatal foliage |
| CN106233880A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-12-21 | 宾川县杰熙林果专业合作社 | Breeding method without zanthoxylum acanthopodium |
| CN106258747A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 文县科学技术局 | A kind of introduction and cultivation method of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli |
| CN108450167A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-28 | 王全奎 | A kind of method of the high-quality stingless Chinese pricklyash of engrafting and cultivating |
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Granted publication date: 20210601 Termination date: 20211227 |