CN110892844A

CN110892844A - Cultivation method of pepper

Info

Publication number: CN110892844A
Application number: CN201911235166.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩克江
Original assignee: Wuchuan Autonomous County Huayuan Yinong Farmers' Professional Cooperative
Current assignee: Wuchuan Autonomous County Huayuan Yinong Farmers' Professional Cooperative
Priority date: 2019-12-05
Filing date: 2019-12-05
Publication date: 2020-03-20

Abstract

The scheme discloses a method for cultivating pepper, which comprises the following steps: s1 seed treatment: putting the seeds into a container, then pouring boiled water with 2-3 times volume of the seeds, wherein the temperature of the boiled water is 94-98 ℃, stirring for 4-5min, then injecting cold water to the water temperature of 25-30 ℃, then soaking for 4-5h, then fishing out the seeds, then continuously soaking for 28-36h with clean cold water, then fishing out the seeds from the water, and standing and preserving heat for 4-5 days at the temperature of 30-35 ℃; s2 land preparation and sowing: sowing in a broadcast sowing mode after soil preparation and furrow making; s3 seedling raising; s4 transplanting; and S5 trimming and shaping. The pepper cultivated by the scheme improves the growth speed of the pepper, reduces the morbidity of pepper trees and improves the survival rate of the pepper.

Description

Cultivation method of pepper

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper planting, and particularly relates to a pepper cultivation method.

Background

The fructus Zanthoxyli is Largeleaf shrub or small arbor of Zanthoxylum of Rutaceae, and is important flavoring agent, spice and woody oil tree species. The pepper has the characteristics of fast growth, early fruiting, strong adaptability, easy cultivation, good management and the like, can obtain good economic benefit only by slight management, is an economic tree species for people in mountain areas to delight and enrich, has developed root system and strong soil fixation capability, and is an ecological tree species for keeping water and soil loss. Therefore, the pepper is an ideal afforestation tree species integrating economic benefits and ecological benefits, and has wide planting prospects.

Although pepper trees have the characteristics of strong adaptability and good management, the development of pepper industry is severely restricted by the problem of low seedling rate in pepper seedling cultivation. In addition, the growing environment and the tree shape of the pepper tree have a crucial influence on the yield, the quality and the picking difficulty of the pepper, and the pepper tree seedlings have poor adaptability and resistance and should be strictly managed and protected to ensure the growth vigor of the seedlings and timely recovery of growth after wintering. However, people usually adopt commercially purchased seedlings for transplanting, the commercially purchased seedlings are generally cultivated in a greenhouse, the adaptability of the seedlings is improved by seedling hardening, but the seedling cultivation land and the cultivation land are different, so that the seedlings are long in adaptation period after transplanting, slow and weak in growth in the first year, the seedling death phenomenon is caused, and the survival rate of the pepper seedlings is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating pepper seedlings, and the method is used for solving the problem of low survival rate of the pepper seedlings after the pepper seedlings are transplanted.

The cultivation method of the pepper in the scheme comprises the following steps:

s1 seed treatment: putting the seeds into a container, then pouring boiled water with 2-3 times volume of the seeds, wherein the temperature of the boiled water is 94-98 ℃, stirring for 4-5min, then injecting cold water to the water temperature of 25-30 ℃, then soaking for 4-5h, then fishing out the seeds, then continuously soaking for 28-36h with clean cold water, then fishing out the seeds from the water, and standing and preserving heat for 4-5 days at the temperature of 30-35 ℃;

s2 land preparation and sowing: sowing in a broadcast sowing mode after soil preparation and furrow making;

s3 seedling culture: watering once a inch high after the pepper seedlings come out of the earth, and then keeping watering once a month until the ground skin is not dry, and planting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to be 30-40cm high;

and S4 transplanting: digging out soil with a depth of 20-30cm in the cultivation tray, mixing horse dung, Chinese medicine residue and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the cultivation tray, and covering the upper layer with field soil to obtain the cultivation tray; transplanting pepper seedlings into a cultivation disc according to a conventional method, filling modified field soil into seedling growing pits until the distance between the seedling growing pits and the ground is 4-5cm, wherein the modified field soil is prepared by mixing wet field soil, vinegar residue, straw powder and humus according to the weight ratio of 100:5-10:40-60: 10-15;

s5 trimming and shaping: the shaping is mainly based on the natural open heart shape, 5-7 main branches are reserved, and 2-4 side branches are selected and reserved on each main branch.

Further, in the step S1, when the seeds are kept still and kept warm, the seeds are covered with wet cloth and rinsed with clean water for 2-3 times every day.

Further, in the step S2, after land preparation and bed preparation, a seed pit is dug on the bed, a layer of gravel with a thickness of 4-5cm is laid at the bottom of the seed pit, a layer of wheat husk with a thickness of 5-6cm is laid on the cobblestones, and then the field soil is filled into the seed pit. The method aims to ensure the requirements of moisture and temperature required by normal growth of pepper seedlings, increase the oxygen content of the lower-layer soil, enhance the respiratory strength of root systems and accelerate the growth of seedlings.

Further, in the step S3, the pepper seedlings are in a ventilated environment at the temperature of 17-23 ℃, and weeds are removed in time. The aim is to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings through the above work, since the seedlings which just germinate are very fragile and weak against cold and drought.

The beneficial effect of this scheme does: through the seed treatment mode in the step S1, thicker grease wax on the seeds can be removed rapidly, the seeds can absorb moisture rapidly, the germination speed of the seeds is greatly improved, then the seeds are kept warm for 4-5 days in the environment of 30-35 ℃, the seeds can be seen to have white buds to break through the seed coats, at the moment, the seeds are sowed, the survival rate after sowing is greatly improved, then seedling culture treatment is carried out, smooth growth of pepper seedlings is guaranteed, death of the pepper seedlings is avoided, and subsequent transplanting work is facilitated. In the transplanting process, horse manure, Chinese medicine residues and sandy soil are mixed to form a cultivation disc, nutrition optimization is carried out on soil, nutrients needed by growth of pepper trees are met, meanwhile, the application amount of inorganic fertilizer is reduced, the morbidity of the pepper trees is reduced, and the survival rate of pepper is improved.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

example 1: a method for cultivating Chinese prickly ash comprises the following steps:

s1 seed treatment: putting seeds into a container, then pouring boiled water with 2 times volume of the seeds, wherein the temperature of the boiled water is 98 ℃, stirring for 4min, then injecting cold water to the water temperature of 30 ℃, then soaking for 4h, then fishing out the seeds, then continuously soaking for 28h by using cleaning cold water, then fishing out the seeds from the water, standing and preserving the temperature for 4 days in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃, covering wet cloth when the seeds are standing and preserving the temperature, and leaching for 2 times by using clean water every day;

s2 land preparation and sowing: after land preparation and bed preparation, a seeding pit is dug on the bed, a layer of sandstone with the thickness of 4cm is paved at the bottom of the seeding pit, a layer of wheat hull with the thickness of 5cm is paved on cobblestones, then the field soil is filled into the seeding pit, and seeds are scattered into the seeding pit.

S3 seedling culture: watering after the pepper seedlings come out of the earth for one inch, keeping watering once a month later to keep the ground skin dry, keeping the pepper seedlings in a 17 ℃ ventilated environment, timely removing weeds, and planting the pepper seedlings when the pepper seedlings grow to be 30cm high;

and S4 transplanting: digging soil with the depth of 20cm in the cultivation disc, mixing horse dung, the traditional Chinese medicine residues and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the cultivation disc, and covering field soil on the upper layer to obtain the cultivation disc; transplanting pepper seedlings into a cultivation disc according to a conventional method, filling modified field soil into a seedling growing pit until the distance is 4cm from the ground, wherein the modified field soil is prepared by mixing wet field soil, vinegar residue, straw powder and humus according to the weight ratio of 100:5:40: 10;

s5 trimming and shaping: the shaping is mainly based on the natural open heart shape, 5 main branches are reserved, and 2 lateral branches are selected and reserved on each main branch.

Example 2: a method for cultivating Chinese prickly ash comprises the following steps:

s1 seed treatment: putting seeds into a container, then pouring boiled water with volume of 3 times of the seeds, wherein the temperature of the boiled water is 94 ℃, stirring for 5min, then injecting cold water to the water temperature of 30 ℃, then soaking for 5h, then fishing out the seeds, then continuously soaking for 36h by using cleaning cold water, then fishing out the seeds from the water, standing and preserving the temperature for 5 days in an environment with the temperature of 35 ℃, covering wet cloth when the seeds are standing and preserving the temperature, and leaching for 3 times by using clean water every day;

s2 land preparation and sowing: after land preparation and bed preparation, a seeding pit is dug on the bed, a layer of sandstone with the thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottom of the seeding pit, a layer of wheat hull with the thickness of 6cm is paved on cobblestones, then the field soil is filled into the seeding pit, and seeds are scattered into the seeding pit.

S3 seedling culture: watering after the pepper seedlings come out of the earth for one inch, keeping watering once a month later to keep the ground skin dry, keeping the pepper seedlings in a ventilating environment at 23 ℃, removing weeds in time, and planting the pepper seedlings when the pepper seedlings grow to be 40cm high;

and S4 transplanting: digging soil with the depth of 30cm in the cultivation disc, mixing horse dung, the traditional Chinese medicine residues and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the cultivation disc, and covering field soil on the upper layer to obtain the cultivation disc; transplanting pepper seedlings into a cultivation disc according to a conventional method, filling modified field soil into a seedling growing pit until the distance is 5cm from the ground, wherein the modified field soil is prepared by mixing wet field soil, vinegar residue, straw powder and humus according to the weight ratio of 100:10:60: 15;

s5 trimming and shaping: the shaping is mainly based on the natural open heart shape, 7 main branches are reserved, and 4 lateral branches are selected and reserved on each main branch.

Example 3: a method for cultivating Chinese prickly ash comprises the following steps:

s1 seed treatment: putting seeds into a container, then pouring boiled water with 2 times volume of the seeds, wherein the temperature of the boiled water is 96 ℃, stirring for 5min, then injecting cold water to the water temperature of 28 ℃, then soaking for 4.5h, then fishing out the seeds, then continuously soaking for 32h by using clean cold water, then fishing out the seeds from the water, standing and preserving the temperature for 5 days in a temperature environment of 32 ℃, covering wet cloth when the seeds are standing and preserving the temperature, and leaching for 2 times with clean water every day;

s2 land preparation and sowing: after land preparation and bed preparation, a seeding pit is dug on the bed, a layer of gravel with the thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottom of the seeding pit, a layer of wheat hull with the thickness of 5cm is paved on cobblestones, then the field soil is filled into the seeding pit, and seeds are scattered into the seeding pit.

S3 seedling culture: watering after the pepper seedlings come out of the earth for one inch, keeping watering once a month later to keep the ground skin dry, keeping the pepper seedlings in a 19 ℃ ventilated environment, timely removing weeds, and planting the pepper seedlings when the pepper seedlings grow to 35cm high;

and S4 transplanting: digging soil with the depth of 25cm in the cultivation disc, mixing horse dung, the traditional Chinese medicine residues and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the cultivation disc, and covering field soil on the upper layer to obtain the cultivation disc; transplanting pepper seedlings into a cultivation disc according to a conventional method, filling modified field soil into a seedling growing pit until the distance is 4cm from the ground, wherein the modified field soil is prepared by mixing wet field soil, vinegar residue, straw powder and humus according to the weight ratio of 100:8:50: 12;

s5 trimming and shaping: the shaping is mainly based on the natural open heart shape, 6 main branches are reserved, and 3 lateral branches are selected and reserved on each main branch.

The cultivation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum was carried out using the methods of examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example (conventional method), and the experimental data were obtained as follows:

	mortality rate/percentage of Chinese prickly ash in seedling raising period	The average growth height/cm of the Chinese prickly ash in one year	Survival rate/percentage of pepper after one year
				Example 1	2.3	89	94.3
Example 2	2.5	94	91.9
				Example 3	1.9	92	92.8
Comparative example	4.1	76	84.7

As can be seen from the data in the table above, the cultivation method of the invention greatly improves the growth rate of the zanthoxylum bungeanum and the survival rate of the zanthoxylum bungeanum compared with the traditional cultivation method.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Chinese prickly ash is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

2. The method for cultivating pepper according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, when the seeds are kept still and kept warm, wet cloth is covered, and the seeds are rinsed with clean water for 2-3 times every day.

3. The method for cultivating zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, after land preparation and bed preparation, a seeding pit is dug on the bed, a layer of sandstone with the thickness of 4-5cm is paved at the bottom of the seeding pit, a layer of wheat hull with the thickness of 5-6cm is paved on cobblestones, and then the field soil is filled into the seeding pit.

4. The method for cultivating zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the pepper seedlings are in a ventilated environment at the temperature of 17-23 ℃, and weeds are removed in time.