CN106342634A - Apple high position dwarf culture method - Google Patents
Apple high position dwarf culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106342634A CN106342634A CN201610732537.6A CN201610732537A CN106342634A CN 106342634 A CN106342634 A CN 106342634A CN 201610732537 A CN201610732537 A CN 201610732537A CN 106342634 A CN106342634 A CN 106342634A
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- grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention relates to an apple high position dwarf culture method, belonging to technology field in grafting cultivation of apple. The invention aims to solve the technical problem that provide a high position dwarf culture method for cultivation of apples with fast growth, early bearing, harvest in consecutive years. The technical solution comprises the steps of apple high position dwarf culture method, which comprises the steps of 1, selecting Chinese flowering crabapple as the rootstock and dwarf stock as the inter stock for grafting before Grain Rain in the current year; 2, covering with earth after grafting, burying binding area under the bud into the earth; 3, applying organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer when the bottom of rootstock put down roots after 2-3 months; 4, conducting grafting for quality apply trees varieties between the last third of February and the first third of April in the next year; 5, Checking the survival of scion, thinning branch bud sprouted on the inter stock survived; 6, maintaining headed truck with plump bud in the Spring of the third year, the product is grown into high position dwarf seedling of apply when the leaves are falling from the trees in Autumn.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae high position bush type culture method, belong to Fructus Mali pumilae grafting cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Apple tree bush type culture is the main flow of world's Apple development.It can be greatly enhanced Photosynthetic property of leaf, and increase has
The accumulation of machine nutrient substance, growth regulation and growth, improve yield and quality, reduce and throw work, investment, increase economic efficiency.I
State's Apple Culture history is shorter, starts late, and in addition by investing and natural conditions are limited, has passed by tallization in certain developmental stage
The detours such as thin planting, Vigorating compact planting, bush type culture is quite delayed, and bush type culture is also doctrinal to indiscriminately imitate foreign technology and side
Method.At present, China's Fructus Mali pumilae 90% about is Qiaoization cultivation, which forms in yield and quality and developed countries between
Gap.China's Fructus Mali pumilae yield per unit area is 11.1 tons/hectare, and China's APPLE QUALITY fruit rate only accounts for the 30% of Fructus Mali pumilae total output
Left and right, its medium-to-high grade fruit is less than 5%, and the high quality fruit rate of the state such as the U.S., New Zealand, Japan reaches 70%, the top grade of available for export
Fruit rate is 50% about.
Under the strategic directing of Global Sustainable Development, fruit industry production must walk the road of sustainable development, the Fructus Mali pumilae height of tree
Position bush type culture technology, is on the basis of the cultivation of traditional apple dwarf, significantly extends dwarfing stock grafting height, be Fructus Mali pumilae
A brand-new theory in cultivation and brand-new cultural method, dwarfing stock the impact to apple tree can be reached highest water by it
Flat, it can improve the Photosynthetic Efficiency of apple tree to greatest extent, and sapling up-growth total amount is cultivated considerably beyond Qiaoization.Growth is fast, result
Early, early high yield.Annual shoot early growth is fast, and the spring tip is long, and the later stage stops length early, and autumn growth is short, and blade is loose, and branch is sturdy, then
Raw branch just can form substantial amounts of axillary flower tooth, plants trees then, and when year's harvest flower, Second Year is yielded positive results, and enters within the 3rd year just fruiting period, the
Enter the best fruiting period within 4 years, enter early more than 3 years of the best fruiting period than traditional apple tree.Under identical cultivation condition, same kind is high-order
Bush type culture it in addition to there is general bush type culture, main advantage is exactly the height control using overground part dwarfing stock
Apple tree tree body size processed and maturation sooner or later, make apple tree size and period of maturation reach artificial intelligence by growth and maturation naturally
Change and control tree body size and period of maturation.The promotion and application of this technology, by thorough change China's Apple Culture yield poorly, of poor quality
Situation, change international and domestic at present doctrinal apple dwarf cultural method by thorough, China's Apple development played extremely
Important impetus.
Content of the invention
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and technical problem to be solved is that a kind of growth of offer is fast, result is early, connects
The Fructus Mali pumilae high position bush type culture method that year gets bumper crops.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae high position bush type culture method,
Comprise the following steps:
1), before grain rains then, the Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop selecting annual diameter 0.5-1cm is base anvil, selects the dwarfing of respective diameters
Stock carries out grafting as intermediate stock；
Grafting adopts carry wooden bud grafting method, will retain bottom as base by Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock horizontal truncation from the above 7-15cm of root
Anvil, by sub- for dwarfing stock wood bud simple bud side grafting on base anvil, with the preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer of wide 1.5-3cm after the two grafting, then
Tightly wrapped with the plastic sheeting of 1.5-3cm；
2) transfer Soil covering after grafting, by being partly embedded in soil below the sprout of colligation region, water holding ground moistening；Simultaneously each
Fixation means are set up away from ground 80-100cm eminence, described fixation means are used for keeping intermediate stock upright by row grafting fruit tree；
3) take root in a 2-3 month base anvil bottom, now applies 50-100g compound organic and inorganic fertilizer by every plant of grafting nursery stock；
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is the organic product adding after the fermentation of em bacterium with carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio
10:1:0.5-0.8 forms；
4) Second Year late Febuary-early April carries out excellent apple tree kind grafting, particularly as follows: in intermediate stock height 70-110cm
Place carries out grafting, the apple tree of selected kind is carried out grafting with the method that bud connects, at every plant of grafting 1-2；
After the completion of grafting, at 0.5cm above Grafted Variety bud, oblique for dwarfing rootstock 45 degree are wiped out；
5) check after one week that scion survives situation, survive removes to the twig sprouting on intermediate stock；
6) the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, after autumn fallen leaves, grow up to Fructus Mali pumilae high-order dwarfing Seedling.
Preferably wipe out the twig of below grafting part after step 1) grafting, to promote taking root of base anvil.
Generally growth-promoting agent is to aid in preferably healing between scion and stock, so that interface is grown firmly, improves scion
Survival rate.The present invention is optimized to the formula of growth-promoting agent, specific: described preservative film impregnates before use or medial surface applies
Smear growth-promoting solution, described growth-promoting solution is vitamin b12: gibberellins: the solution of sterilized water=1:0.5:10, using preservative film and
The package action of plastic sheeting, prevents growth-promoting solution evaporation, maintains wound moist, a small amount of growth-promoting solution on preservative film simultaneously
Wound can be formed with the continuous action of 1-2 month, reach the effect of " slow release ", being capable of a certain degree of life ensureing interface
Length, so that early stage base anvil carries out nutrition supply to intermediate stock, improves the survival rate of intermediate stock and promotes intermediate stock growth.
Compared with prior art the invention has the advantages that.
The Fructus Mali pumilae high position bush type culture method of the present invention, base anvil and intermediate stock adopt carry wooden bud grafting method, after grafting survival
Seedling growth fast, result is early, and scion grafting Second Year just can be born fruit, and 4-6 just can enter the best fruiting period, and output of the fruit tree is big.
It is not necessary to band girdle girdling be carried out to fruit tree it is only necessary to rational water and fertilizer management compared with traditional Qiaoization, it is ensured that every year rich
Produce, do not have traditional Qiaoization fruit tree biennial bearing divide.The fruit tree life-span averagely improves 10 years about than Qiaoization fruit tree.
Nourish and grow and reproductive growth balance, become and spend easily, the continuous bearing capacity of fruit tire sublateral shoot is by force the cultivation of the present invention
The high main cause of output of the fruit tree that method is cultivated.
Apple tree high position bush type culture technology, is on the basis of the cultivation of traditional apple dwarf, significantly extends dwarfing
Anvil grafting height, is a brand-new theory and the brand-new cultural method on Apple Culture, it can be by dwarfing stock to apple tree
Impact reach top level, it can improve the Photosynthetic Efficiency of apple tree to greatest extent, and sapling up-growth total amount is considerably beyond Qiaoization
Cultivation.Growth is fast, and result is early, early high yield.Annual shoot early growth is fast, and the spring tip is long, and the later stage stops length early, and autumn growth is short, and blade is fertile
Greatly, branch is sturdy, and annual shoot just can form substantial amounts of axillary flower tooth, plants trees then, and when year's harvest flower, Second Year is yielded positive results, the
Enter within 3 years just fruiting period, enter the best fruiting period within the 4th year, enter early more than 3 years of the best fruiting period than traditional apple tree.In identical cultivation bar
Under part, the high position bush type culture of same kind it in addition to there is general bush type culture, main advantage be exactly using
The height of top dwarfing stock controls apple tree tree body size and maturation sooner or later, makes apple tree size and period of maturation by naturally growing
Reach manual intelligent with maturation and control tree body size and period of maturation.
Compared with Qiaoization kind with kind, result does not have dividing of biennial bearing to the high-order Fructus Mali pumilae downgraded, and gets bumper crops every year, the period of maturation
First quarter moon to one month can be done sth. in advance, color redder (Fuji), it is not necessary to carry out band girdle to tree body, does not injure to tree body.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Specific embodiment:
2009, mark 1.5 mu of ground in Linyi County Chu Hou township Wang Jian village village east, be divided into three pieces of regions, carry out fruit-tree breeding:
Region 1, processing method comprises the following steps:
1), before grain rains then, the Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop selecting annual diameter 0.5-1cm is base anvil, selects the dwarfing of respective diameters
Stock carries out grafting as intermediate stock；
Grafting, using single wooden bud grafting method, will retain bottom as base by Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock horizontal truncation from the above 7-15cm of root
Anvil, by sub- for dwarfing stock wood bud simple bud side grafting on base anvil, with the preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer of wide 1.5-3cm after the two grafting, then
Tightly wrapped with the plastic sheeting of 1.5-3cm；
2) transfer Soil covering after grafting, by being partly embedded in soil below colligation region, water holding ground moistening；Transfer in every a line simultaneously
Connect and set up fixation means away from ground 80-100cm eminence by fruit tree, described fixation means are used for keeping intermediate stock upright；
3) take root in a large number in a 2-3 month base anvil bottom, now applies 50-100g compound organic and inorganic fertilizer by every plant of grafting nursery stock；
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is the organic product adding after the fermentation of em bacterium with carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio
10:1:0.5-0.8 forms；
4) Second Year late Febuary-early April carries out excellent apple tree kind grafting, particularly as follows: in intermediate stock height 70-110cm
Eminence carries out grafting, the apple tree of selected kind is carried out grafting with the method that bud connects, at every plant of grafting 1-2；
After the completion of grafting, at 0.5cm above Grafted Variety bud, oblique for dwarfing rootstock 45 degree are wiped out；
5) check after one week that scion survives situation, survive removes to the twig sprouting on intermediate stock；
6) the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, after autumn fallen leaves, grow up to Fructus Mali pumilae high-order dwarfing Seedling.
Region 2, is to wipe out the branch and leaf of part intermediate stock after step 1) grafting with the difference in region 1.
With the difference in region 1, region 3, is that described preservative film impregnates before use or medial surface smears growth-promoting solution, institute
Stating growth-promoting solution is vitamin b12: gibberellins: the solution of sterilized water=1:0.5:10.
, in addition to tree body not being carried out with band girdle and processes, basic water and fertilizer management etc. all can be according to for area above apple cultivation
Routine Management is carried out.
Wherein region 1-3 is again broken down into tri- pieces of a, b, c respectively, and the Grafted Variety of every piece of ground (0.5 mu) is as follows:
A area base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii adopts flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii, and intermediate stock adopts the virus-free original seed of refreshing short ls-1, and apple variety adopts cigarette richness three
Number；
B area base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii adopts flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii, and intermediate stock adopts the virus-free original seed of refreshing short ls-1, and apple variety is using facing red No. 1；
Base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii adopts Mains micromalus in c area, and intermediate stock adopts the virus-free original seed of refreshing short ls-1, and apple variety adopts Asus；
It can be seen that, due to multiple grafting, lead to graft survival rate lower, after being processed using growth-promoting solution, can preferably carry
High-survival rate.And growth-promoting solution is processed not to be affected substantially on the production capacity of fruit tree.
The present invention can be summarized without prejudice to the concrete form of the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention with others.Therefore, no
By from the point of view of which point, the embodiment above of the present invention all can only be considered that the description of the invention can not limit invention,
Claims indicate the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not pointed out in above-mentioned explanation, therefore, with the present invention
The suitable implication and scope of claims in any change, be all considered as being included within the scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae high position bush type culture method is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1), before grain rains then, the Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop selecting annual diameter 0.5-1cm is base anvil, selects the dwarfing of respective diameters
Stock carries out grafting as intermediate stock；
Grafting adopts carry wooden bud grafting method, will retain bottom as base by Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock horizontal truncation from the above 7-15cm of root
Anvil, by sub- for dwarfing stock wood bud simple bud side grafting on base anvil, with the preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer of wide 1.5-3cm after the two grafting, then
Tightly wrapped with the plastic sheeting of 1.5-3cm；
2) transfer Soil covering after grafting, by being partly embedded in soil below the sprout of colligation region, water holding ground moistening；Simultaneously each
Fixation means are set up away from ground 80-100cm eminence, described fixation means are used for keeping intermediate stock upright by row grafting fruit tree；
3) after grafting 2-3 month, take root in a large number in base anvil bottom, now applies 50-100g organic-inorganic compound by every plant of grafting nursery stock
Fertile；
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is the organic product adding after the fermentation of em bacterium with carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio
10:1:0.5-0.8 forms；
4) Second Year late Febuary-early April carries out excellent apple tree kind grafting, particularly as follows: in intermediate stock height 70-110cm
Place carries out grafting, the apple tree of selected kind is carried out grafting with the method that bud connects, at every plant of grafting 1-2；
After the completion of grafting, at 0.5cm above Grafted Variety bud, oblique for dwarfing rootstock 45 degree are wiped out；
5) check after one week that scion survives situation, survive removes to the twig sprouting on intermediate stock；
6) the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, after autumn fallen leaves, grow up to Fructus Mali pumilae high-order dwarfing Seedling.
2. a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae high position bush type culture method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that after step 1) grafting in time
The unnecessary twig sprouting is wiped out on intermediate stock.
3. a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae high position bush type culture method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described preservative film is using
Front dipping or medial surface smear growth-promoting solution, and described growth-promoting solution is vitamin b12: gibberellins: sterilized water=1:0.5:10's is molten
Liquid.
4. a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae high position bush type culture method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock is eight
Rib Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii or flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii.
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| CN201610732537.6A CN106342634A (en) | 2016-08-27 | 2016-08-27 | Apple high position dwarf culture method |
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| CN201610732537.6A CN106342634A (en) | 2016-08-27 | 2016-08-27 | Apple high position dwarf culture method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107771602A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method |
| CN113330976A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-03 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for rapidly forming dwarf apple saplings |
| CN114391416A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-04-26 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | Pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases |
| CN114711039A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-07-08 | 根河市冷集果生态科技发展有限公司 | Fruit tree grafting method |
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| JPH07115845A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-09 | Naegino Ishidou:Kk | Method for fusion cultivation of tree body for fruit tree |
| CN105309261A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-10 | 欧广良 | Production method of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedlings |
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2016
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07115845A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-09 | Naegino Ishidou:Kk | Method for fusion cultivation of tree body for fruit tree |
| CN105309261A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-10 | 欧广良 | Production method of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedlings |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107771602A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method |
| CN107771602B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-14 | 青岛农业大学 | Three-section type 'winching method' apple dwarfing self-rooted seedling rapid breeding method |
| CN113330976A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-03 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for rapidly forming dwarf apple saplings |
| CN113330976B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-03-22 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for rapidly forming dwarf apple saplings |
| CN114711039A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-07-08 | 根河市冷集果生态科技发展有限公司 | Fruit tree grafting method |
| CN114391416A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-04-26 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | Pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases |
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